Exploring the Old Testament: Pentateuch Vol 1: the Pentateuch Pdf, Epub, Ebook
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Freeing the Dead Sea Scrolls: a Question of Access
690 American Archivist / Vol. 56 / Fall 1993 Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/56/4/690/2748590/aarc_56_4_w213201818211541.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 Freeing the Dead Sea Scrolls: A Question of Access SARA S. HODSON Abstract: The announcement by the Huntington Library in September 1991 of its decision to open for unrestricted research its photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls touched off a battle of wills between the library and the official team of scrolls editors, as well as a blitz of media publicity. The action was based on a commitment to the principle of intellectual freedom, but it must also be considered in light of the ethics of donor agreements and of access restrictions. The author relates the story of the events leading to the Huntington's move and its aftermath, and she analyzes the issues involved. About the author: Sara S. Hodson is curator of literary manuscripts at the Huntington Library. Her articles have appeared in Rare Books & Manuscripts Librarianship, Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook, and the Huntington Library Quarterly. This article is revised from a paper delivered before the Manuscripts Repositories Section meeting of the 1992 Society of American Archivists conference in Montreal. The author wishes to thank William A. Moffett for his encour- agement and his thoughtful and invaluable review of this article in its several revisions. Freeing the Dead Sea Scrolls 691 ON 22 SEPTEMBER 1991, THE HUNTINGTON scrolls for historical scholarship lies in their LIBRARY set off a media bomb of cata- status as sources contemporary with the time clysmic proportions when it announced that they illuminate. -
Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries
Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries Cover © 2011 Biblical Archaeology Society 1 Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries Production and Design Staff: Joey Corbett – Editor Robert Bronder – Designer Susan Laden – Publisher © 2011 Biblical Archaeology Society 4710 41st Street, NW Washington, DC 20016 www.biblicalarchaeology.org © 2011 Biblical Archaeology Society i Ten Top Biblical Archaeology Discoveries About the Biblical Archaeology Society The excitement of archaeology and the latest in Bible scholarship since 1974 The Biblical Archaeology Society (BAS) was founded in 1974 as a nonprofit, nondenominational, educational organization dedicated to the dissemination of information about archaeology in the Bible lands. BAS educates the public about archaeology and the Bible through its bi-monthly magazine, Biblical Archaeology Review, an award-winning Web site (www.biblicalarchaeology.org), books and multimedia products (DVDs, CD-ROMs and videos), tours and seminars. Our readers rely on us to present the latest that scholarship has to offer in a fair and accessible manner. BAS serves as an important authority and as an invaluable source of reliable information. Publishing Excellence BAS’s flagship publication is Biblical Archaeology Review. BAR is the only magazine that connects the academic study of archaeology to a broad general audience eager to understand the world of the Bible. Covering both the Old and New Testaments, BAR presents the latest discoveries and controversies in archaeology with breathtaking photography and informative maps and diagrams. BAR’s writers are the top scholars, the leading researchers, the world- renowned experts. BAR is the only nonsectarian forum for the discussion of Biblical archaeology. BAS produced two other publications, Bible Review from 1985–2005, and Archaeology Odyssey from 1998–2006. -
Cotton Mather's Relationship to Science
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University English Theses Department of English 4-16-2008 Cotton Mather's Relationship to Science James Daniel Hudson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_theses Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hudson, James Daniel, "Cotton Mather's Relationship to Science." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/english_theses/33 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of English at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COTTON MATHER’S RELATIONSHIP TO SCIENCE by JAMES DANIEL HUDSON Under the Direction of Dr. Reiner Smolinski ABSTRACT The subject of this project is Cotton Mather’s relationship to science. As a minister, Mather’s desire to harmonize science with religion is an excellent medium for understanding the effects of the early Enlightenment upon traditional views of Scripture. Through “Biblia Americana” and The Christian Philosopher, I evaluate Mather’s effort to relate Newtonian science to the six creative days as recorded in Genesis 1. Chapter One evaluates Mather’s support for the scientific theories of Isaac Newton and his reception to natural philosophers who advocate Newton’s theories. Chapter Two highlights Mather’s treatment of the dominant cosmogonies preceding Isaac Newton. The Conclusion returns the reader to Mather’s principal occupation as a minister and the limits of science as informed by his theological mind. Through an exploration of Cotton Mather’s views on science, a more comprehensive understanding of this significant early American and the ideological assumptions shaping his place in American history is realized. -
Catholic Or Catholic? Biblical Scholarship at the Center
JBL 125, no. 1 (2006): 5–22 Catholic or catholic? Biblical Scholarship at the Center carolyn osiek [email protected] Brite Divinity School, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129 Sometime in the first decade of the second century, Ignatius, bishop of Antioch in Syria, was condemned to death ad bestias, that is, by wild animals in the amphitheater. He was sent under guard with other prisoners to Rome for the games there, probably in the Flavian Amphitheater, what today we call the Colos- seum. As his party made its way up the western coast of Asia Minor, he wrote to a string of Christian communities there after he had received visits from their envoys. When writing to the Christians of Smyrna, he remarks that the Eucharist should be celebrated only by the bishop or someone he delegates, for “wherever the bishop appears, let the whole community be gathered, just as wherever Jesus Christ is, there is hJ kaqolikhv ejkklhsiva (Smyrn. 8.2). A generation later, in the same city, old bishop Polycarp was about to be martyred in the amphitheater. But the narrator of his martyrdom reports that when the police came to arrest him in a country house where he had taken refuge, since it was dinnertime, he ordered food and drink to be set out for them, while he went aside and prayed aloud for two hours. In his prayer, he remembered everyone he had ever encountered and hJ kaqolikhv ejkklhsiva throughout the world. The narrator finished the report of Polycarp’s martyrdom by concluding that now Polycarp is enjoying the glory of God and Jesus Christ, shepherd of hJ kaqolikhv ejkklhsiva throughout the world (Mart. -
How to Live with Messiness: Joshua Berman on Biblical Criticism
How to Live with Messiness: Joshua Berman on Biblical Criticism 18forty.org/reader/how-to-live-with-messiness-joshua-berman-on-biblical-criticism August 6 | Weekend Reader By: Yehuda Fogel How can an Orthodox rabbi be a scholar of Biblical criticism? Can Biblical scholars determine the ‘true Bible’? Enter Professor Joshua Berman. Prolific author and scholar Rabbi Dr. Berman is no apologetic. He engages with Biblical criticism with honesty and erudition, and is a passionate critic of the excesses of scholarship. In this week’s Weekend Reader, we will consider one key critique of his thought: The ability to live with messiness. The Bible is a complicated work, and learning to live in humility with its complications can elevate all that study it. We will look at a case study in messiness — the topic of Biblical reformulations — in the hope of better understanding the Bible’s complexity. Learning to Live with the Messiness In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, economists were in a state of disarray. Much like the state of pollsters after the 2016 election, economists were stunned by their failure to anticipate such a major event occurring. New York Times and economist Paul Krugman suggested in his 2009 piece “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?” that economists have been mislead by the “desire for an all-encompassing, intellectually elegant approach that also gave economists a chance to show off their mathematical prowess.” Seeking the grand narrative of economics has led economists to mistake truth for beauty, and redemption of economics can come only by learning to accept the less beautiful parts of economic realities, and “learn[ing] to live with the messiness.” Rabbi Dr. -
Biblical Archaeology > Syllabus
Online · School of Divinity · Biblical Studies Biblical Archaeology BIBL-471 CG Section 8WK 11/08/2019 to 04/16/2020 Modified 07/27/2021 Course Description A focus on archaeological terminology, methodology, and interpretation as they relate to biblical studies. (This course fulfills a Bible Background requirement.) Requisites For information regarding prerequisites for this course, please refer to the Academic Course Catalog (https://catalog.liberty.edu/). Rationale As an elective course, BIBL 471 provides the student with another tool for understanding the historical and cultural context of the Scriptures. It also lends scientific support to the historical validity of the Bible. Measurable Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: A. Acquire a working knowledge of archaeological terminology. B. Examine the evidences for biblical archaeology. C. Discover what archaeology reveals about the biblical history. D. Understand the methodology of archaeological excavation. E. Survey the archaeological evidence for specific biblical periods. F. Evaluate the value of archaeology for biblical apologetics. G. Recognize the dynamic relationship between archaeology and the life of Christ. Course Resources Click on the following link to view the required resource(s) for the term in which you are registered: Liberty University Online Bookstore (https://bncvirtual.com/liberty). Additional Materials for Learning A. Computer with basic audio and video output equipment B. Internet access (broadband recommended) C. Blackboard recommended browsers (https://help.blackboard.com/Learn/Student/Getting_Started/Browser_Support) D. Microsoft Office (Microsoft Office is available at a special discount to LU students.) E. Turabian formatting information: https://www.liberty.edu/academics/casas/academicsuccess/index.cfm?PID=11954 (https://www.liberty.edu/academics/casas/academicsuccess/index.cfm?PID=11954) Course Assignments 1 of 6 Textbook readings and lecture presentations/notes. -
A Rare Torah in the Library of Congress Gary A
COURTESY OF THE HEBRAIC SECTION, AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EAST DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONGRESS OF OF LIBRARY LIBRARY DIVISION, DIVISION, EAST EAST MIDDLE MIDDLE AND AND AFRICAN AFRICAN SECTION, SECTION, HEBRAIC HEBRAIC THE THE OF OF COURTESY COURTESY 46 NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2019 A Rare Torah in the Library of Congress Gary A. Rendsburg In January 2018, the Library of Congress announced that it had obtained a c. 1,000-year-old Torah scroll sheet. What makes this Torah scroll sheet so important? Where is it from? And how did it reach the halls of the de facto national library of the United States? Here is the story, though fi rst some background. As readers of BAR know, in ancient Israel and during the Greco- Roman period, biblical books were written on scrolls, made either from papyrus (in the earlier period) or from parchment (in the later period). Our most important testimony, of course, stems from the more than 200 biblical manuscripts found amongst the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran, dated from the third through fi rst centuries B.C.E. In the scroll format, the text was written on only one side of the available writing surface, what we may call the inside surface. With the rise of Christianity, the written text took a new form, the codex, the forerunner of the modern book. In this format, the text was written on both sides of the parchment sheet, and then the sheets were piled one on top of the other and sewn together—again, consider the modern book. The most famous exemplar is probably Codex Sinaiticus,* a complete (or nearly so) manuscript of the Greek Bible (including both * See “Who Owns the Codex Sinaiticus?” BAR, November/December 2007. -
The Documentary Hypothesis
Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 12/1 (2001): 22Ð30. Article copyright © 2001 by Greg A. King. The Documentary Hypothesis Greg A. King Pacific Union College How did the Pentateuch or Torah come to be written?1 What process was in- volved in its composition?2 That is, did the author simply receive visions and write out word for word exactly what he or she3 had heard and seen in vision? Did he make use of written sources? Did he incorporate oral traditions? Who was the principal author anyway? Do these questions really matter? If so, why? While many average church members consider Moses the author of the first five books of the Bible, most biblical scholars of the last century have maintained that questions related to the composition of the Pentateuch are best answered by referring to the documentary hypothesis. This is the popular label for the theory of pentateuchal authorship and composition that has dominated most liberal biblical scholarship for the past century. In fact, so thoroughly has it dominated the field that some scholars simply assume it to be correct and feel no need to offer evidence to support it.4 This in spite of the fact that recently penetrating critiques from both 1The term Pentateuch refers to the first five books of the Bible and is a transliteration of a Greek term meaning Òfive scrolls.Ó The term Torah, though it has other meanings also, is sometimes used to denote the same five books and is a transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning Òinstruction.Ó See the discussion of these terms in Barry Bandstra, Reading the Old Testament (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1995), 24. -
Storage Conditions and Physical Treatments Relating to the Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 37, No. 1, 1995, P. 21-32] STORAGE CONDITIONS AND PHYSICAL TREATMENTS RELATING TO THE DATING OF THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS NICCOLO CALDARARO Department of Anthropology, San Francisco State University 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132 USA ABSTRACT. The Dead Sea Scrolls have been analyzed by paleographic, non-destructive and destructive testing. The dates of their creation have been in dispute since their discovery. Research has established their authenticity, but a variety of con- ditions including the methods of skin preparation, variation in storage conditions and post-discovery restoration treatments could have introduced changes now affecting dating efforts. Comprehensive analyses were not possible until recently. Such analysis must be performed to establish a concrete framework for all the texts. Professor R. B. Blake told a story in response to a question of why so little remained of writing on leather. He said that on one of his expedi- tions to Asia Minor, one of his native servants exhibited proudly some chamois trousers of his own manufacture, upon which Professor Blake detected with sorrow, traces of medieval writing (Reed 1972). INTRODUCTION A recent 14C study of 14 Dead Sea Scrolls by Bonani et al. (1992) is a welcome addition to the ana- lytical literature on the Scrolls. The authors have undertaken a more comprehensive sampling than any previous study, an effort that T. B. Kahle and I proposed in an article in Nature in 1986. In that article, we commented on amino acid racemization analysis of the Dead Sea Scrolls published by Weiner et al. (1980). Our comments then, as mine now, relate to the potential effects on dating results of prior storage conditions and restoration treatments. -
Whe Role of Archaeology 1N the Study of the New Testament by MERRILL F
Whe Role of Archaeology 1n the Study Of the New Testament By MERRILL F. UNGER NEW TESTAMENT AND OLD TESTAMENT ARCHAEOLOGY COMPARED Archaeology (from the Greek archaios, old, ancient and l~gos word, t1'eatise, study) is a scieI;l.Ce devoted to the recovery ~I the remains of ancient civilizations with a view to recon ~tructing the story of their rise, progress, and fall. Considered hi this aspect, archaeology is the handmaid of history, partic :filarly of ancient history. It is the research department of all branches of learning that seek to expand man's knowledge of the past. ;\ General archaeology undertakes the excavation, decipher fnent, and critical evaluation of the remains of ancient and ;ffl1man life on this planet wherever found. The more circum ~cribed field of Biblical archaeology confines itself to the ;S1;udy of the material remains of the lands and peoples that ~irectly or indirectly affect the language and literature of the ~ible, as well as its message and meaning. For the Old Testa ;tnent the geographical area of interest centers in James /Breasted's famous "fertile crescent," with one tip touching ~.alestine and the other extending to lower Iraq and the 1fersian Gulf, with the body of the moon comprising the middle \~nd lower basin of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. For the ?jl.tew Testament the focus of activity falls in Palestine and ~ttns out into the Graeco-Roman culture of the Mediterranean ~orld of the first century A. D. ~..... The fascination of Biblical archaeology for the student in [terested in expanding the scientific aspects of the study of the ~ible is immense. -
Christian Theology Were Advanced by the French Millenarian, Isaac La Peyrère, in the Middle of the Seventeenth Century
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Some of the most revolutionary ideas in biblical criticism and in Judeo- Christian theology were advanced by the French Millenarian, Isaac La Peyrère, in the middle of the seventeenth century. His questioning of the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, of the authenticity of the present text of Scripture, and of the accuracy of Scripture with regard to its ac count of the history of mankind had tremendous effects on his contem poraries as well as thinkers of later times. He was regarded as perhaps the greatest heretic of the age, even worse than Spinoza, who took over some of his most challenging ideas. He was refuted over and over again by leading Jewish, Catholic, and Protestant theologians. Nonetheless some of his ideas gradually became a basic part of biblical scholarship, greatly influenced the development of anthropology, and affected Millenarian political history. However, the man who could contend that the Bible was not ac curate, that there were men before Adam, and that the Bible was only the account of Jewish history; who could shock the philosophical- theological world of his time, is hardly known today. He is remembered, if at all, as a footnote to the biblical criticism of Spinoza, Richard Simon and Jean Astruc, and as a footnote in the history of anthropology. He has been reduced to a small paragraph in encyclopedias which present him as the formulator of the pre-Adamite theory. Only in the last few years has there been a revival of interest in La Peyrère and his revolu tionary ideas. In the present volume I shall present an intellectual biography of the man, and place him in the history of the religious ideas of his predecessors, and trace his influence from the mid seventeenth century onward. -
The Archaeologist's Spade and the Apologist's Stacked Deck
The Archaeologist ’s Spade and the Apologist’s Stacked Deck: The Near East through Conser vative Christian Bibliolatr y Daniel Martin Varisco I want to suggest to you, in the first place, that you should be very suspicious of all archaeologists who tell you that they have proved conclusively the truth in Holy Scripture. ( Re v. A. C. Headlam 1931:123). The hermeneutics are so variable, and the preju - dices so strong that, in these archaeological con - troversies, all the fallacies known to logicians have flourished luxuriantly. (Cobern 1891:312) In 1956 a popular book of essays was published by the noted Sumerologist, Samuel Noah Kramer; it was called History Begins at Sumer. About that time I was introduced to Sunday School in a local Baptist Church in northern Ohio, where it was definitely taught that history was begotten with a literal Adam and Eve around 4004 B.C., give or take a divine day. That church no longer exists. I went on to major in “Biblical Archaeology” at the conservative evangelical Wheaton College in Illinois and then further afield for a degree in anthropology at the Un i versity of Pe n n s y l vania, the institution where Kramer spent most of his life deciphering Sumerian tablets. A Daniel Martin Varisco, Associate Professor of Anthropology Department of Anthropology & Sociology Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA 57 quarter of a century ago I wrote an M.A. thesis entitled Archaeology as Apologetic: Towards an Understanding of the Fundamentalist Paradigm. I never published the thesis, in part because I went off in different directions as a Middle East anthropologist and Arabist.