The City of Beginnings
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Seeking a Forgotten History
HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar HARVARD AND SLAVERY Seeking a Forgotten History by Sven Beckert, Katherine Stevens and the students of the Harvard and Slavery Research Seminar About the Authors Sven Beckert is Laird Bell Professor of history Katherine Stevens is a graduate student in at Harvard University and author of the forth- the History of American Civilization Program coming The Empire of Cotton: A Global History. at Harvard studying the history of the spread of slavery and changes to the environment in the antebellum U.S. South. © 2011 Sven Beckert and Katherine Stevens Cover Image: “Memorial Hall” PHOTOGRAPH BY KARTHIK DONDETI, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF DESIGN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2 Harvard & Slavery introducTION n the fall of 2007, four Harvard undergradu- surprising: Harvard presidents who brought slaves ate students came together in a seminar room to live with them on campus, significant endow- Ito solve a local but nonetheless significant ments drawn from the exploitation of slave labor, historical mystery: to research the historical con- Harvard’s administration and most of its faculty nections between Harvard University and slavery. favoring the suppression of public debates on Inspired by Ruth Simmon’s path-breaking work slavery. A quest that began with fears of finding at Brown University, the seminar’s goal was nothing ended with a new question —how was it to gain a better understanding of the history of that the university had failed for so long to engage the institution in which we were learning and with this elephantine aspect of its history? teaching, and to bring closer to home one of the The following pages will summarize some of greatest issues of American history: slavery. -
Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence Table of Contents
SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 56 Men Who Risked It All Life, Family, Fortune, Health, Future Compiled by Bob Hampton First Edition - 2014 1 SIGNERS OF THE UNITED STATES DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTON Page Table of Contents………………………………………………………………...………………2 Overview………………………………………………………………………………...………..5 Painting by John Trumbull……………………………………………………………………...7 Summary of Aftermath……………………………………………….………………...……….8 Independence Day Quiz…………………………………………………….……...………...…11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Josiah Bartlett………………………………………………………………………………..…12 William Whipple..........................................................................................................................15 Matthew Thornton……………………………………………………………………...…........18 MASSACHUSETTS Samuel Adams………………………………………………………………………………..…21 John Adams………………………………………………………………………………..……25 John Hancock………………………………………………………………………………..….29 Robert Treat Paine………………………………………………………………………….….32 Elbridge Gerry……………………………………………………………………....…….……35 RHODE ISLAND Stephen Hopkins………………………………………………………………………….…….38 William Ellery……………………………………………………………………………….….41 CONNECTICUT Roger Sherman…………………………………………………………………………..……...45 Samuel Huntington…………………………………………………………………….……….48 William Williams……………………………………………………………………………….51 Oliver Wolcott…………………………………………………………………………….…….54 NEW YORK William Floyd………………………………………………………………………….………..57 Philip Livingston…………………………………………………………………………….….60 Francis Lewis…………………………………………………………………………....…..…..64 Lewis Morris………………………………………………………………………………….…67 -
Exploring Boston's Religious History
Exploring Boston’s Religious History It is impossible to understand Boston without knowing something about its religious past. The city was founded in 1630 by settlers from England, Other Historical Destinations in popularly known as Puritans, Downtown Boston who wished to build a model Christian community. Their “city on a hill,” as Governor Old South Church Granary Burying Ground John Winthrop so memorably 645 Boylston Street Tremont Street, next to Park Street put it, was to be an example to On the corner of Dartmouth and Church, all the world. Central to this Boylston Streets Park Street T Stop goal was the establishment of Copley T Stop Burial Site of Samuel Adams and others independent local churches, in which all members had a voice New North Church (Now Saint Copp’s Hill Burying Ground and worship was simple and Stephen’s) Hull Street participatory. These Puritan 140 Hanover Street Haymarket and North Station T Stops religious ideals, which were Boston’s North End Burial Site of the Mathers later embodied in the Congregational churches, Site of Old North Church King’s Chapel Burying Ground shaped Boston’s early patterns (Second Church) Tremont Street, next to King’s Chapel of settlement and government, 2 North Square Government Center T Stop as well as its conflicts and Burial Site of John Cotton, John Winthrop controversies. Not many John Winthrop's Home Site and others original buildings remain, of Near 60 State Street course, but this tour of Boston’s “old downtown” will take you to sites important to the story of American Congregationalists, to their religious neighbors, and to one (617) 523-0470 of the nation’s oldest and most www.CongregationalLibrary.org intriguing cities. -
D' an Examination of 17Th-Century British Burial Landscapes in Eastern
‘Here lieth interr’d’ An examination of 17th-century British burial landscapes in eastern North America by Robyn S. Lacy A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland September 2017 Abstract An archaeological, historical, and geographical survey-based examination, this research focuses on the first organized 17th-century British colonial burial grounds in 43 sites in New England and a further 20 in eastern Newfoundland, and how religious, socio- political, and cultural backgrounds may have influenced the placement of these spaces in relation to their associated settlements. In an attempt to locate the earliest 17th-century burial ground at Ferryland, Newfoundland, this research focuses on statistical analysis, and identifying potential patterns in burial ground placement. The statistical results will serve as a frequency model to suggest common placement and patterns in spatial organization of 17th-century British burial grounds along the eastern seaboard of North America. In addition, text-based and geochemical analyses were conducted on the Ferryland gravestones to aid in determining age and origin. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank everyone who has provided their support and guidance throughout the course of this project. First, I’d like to thank Dr. Barry Gaulton for his endless assistance and support of my ever-growing thesis. I could not have asked for a better supervisor throughout this project, and I hope his future students know how lucky they are. Secondly, I’d like to thank my reviewers, Dr. -
Lemuel Shaw, Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court Of
This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com AT 15' Fl LEMUEL SHAW I EMUEL SHAW CHIFF jl STIC h OF THE SUPREME Jli>I«'RL <.OlRT OF MAS Wlf .SfcTTb i a 30- 1 {'('• o BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY tHASH BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 1 9 1 8 LEMUEL SHAW CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT OF MASSACHUSETTS 1830-1860 BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY (Sbe Slibttfibe $rrtf Cambribgc 1918 COPYRIGHT, I9lS, BY FREDERIC HATHAWAY CHASE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Published March iqiS 279304 PREFACE It is doubtful if the country has ever seen a more brilliant group of lawyers than was found in Boston during the first half of the last century. None but a man of grand proportions could have emerged into prominence to stand with them. Webster, Choate, Story, Benjamin R. Curtis, Jeremiah Mason, the Hoars, Dana, Otis, and Caleb Cushing were among them. Of the lives and careers of all of these, full and adequate records have been written. But of him who was first their associate, and later their judge, the greatest legal figure of them all, only meagre accounts survive. It is in the hope of sup plying this deficiency, to some extent, that the following pages are presented. It may be thought that too great space has been given to a description of Shaw's forbears and early surroundings; but it is suggested that much in his character and later life is thus explained. -
E/1 Library Letter from 'The Boston U!Thenteum
ATHE ITE e/1 Library 'The Boston Letter from u!thenteum No. 68 MARCH 1958 The Let-it-Alone Club R. SULLIVAN, in his Boston Old and New, observed that Hin one of Miss Beatrice Herford's entertaining monologues a member of the new 'Let-it . Alone Club' explains the purpose of its association: namely, to 'look for something which is getting along perfectly well and then,-just let it alone!'" The butcher stalls on the ground floor of Faneuil Hall are a case in point. As they have been "getting along perfectly well" for upwards of two centuries, many Bostonians feel that they are the ideal project for the "Let-it-Alone Club." Since the appearance of the last issue of A therueum Items, in which the views of the Massachusetts Histori cal Society, the Colonial Society of Massachusetts and the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities on this matter were summarized, two spirited and witty defenses of the butcher stalls-one in verse and the other in prose-have appeared in the Boston press. The Boston Globe published on 1 February one of Francis W. Hatch's lively bal lads1 entitled "In the N arne of Peter Faneuil-Beef Before Baubles." This spirited reminiscence of the delights of buying bacon, broiler, tripe and cheese in Faneuil Hall, which concluded Let tourists come, Let tourists go And carry home belief That Boston Patriots are backed By honest Yankee beef! was a few days later reprinted in the form of a handbill that has circulated widely through the city. -
Lagrange College Baseball and Statistics Travel Seminar Draft Itinerary: May 17-26, 2020
LaGrange College Baseball and Statistics Travel Seminar Draft Itinerary: May 17-26, 2020 Day 1 Sunday, May 17, 2020 Depart Atlanta for Philadelphia Sample Flight Delta Flight DL 1494 Depart Atlanta (ATL) at 8:56 AM Arrive Philadelphia (PHL) at 10:59 AM 10:59 Arrive Philadelphia, 11:30 Meet Guide and Transfer to the Hotel 1:00 Group Lunch 2:30 - 4:30 Founding Fathers Tour of Philadelphia Experience the history of the United States on this guided, 2-hour, small-group walking tour around Philadelphia, the birthplace of freedom in America. See Independence Hall, where the Founding Fathers signed the Declaration of Independence (this tour does not enter Independence Hall). Snap a selfie with the iconic Liberty Bell. Learn about Pennsylvania’s founder, William Penn, and see where George Washington, the first President of the United States, lived. Then check out the galleries and eateries in Old City Philadelphia, America's most historic square mile 6:30 Group Welcome Dinner Day 2 Monday, May 18, 2020 Breakfast served in hotel 9:00 - 12:00 Cultural Experience Philadelphia Museum of Art 2600 Benjamin Franklin Parkway Philadelphia, PA 19130 Run up the Rocky Steps in front of the museum and take a picture with the Rocky Statue, then enter one of the largest and most renowned museums in the country. Find beauty, enchantment, and the unexpected among artistic and architectural achievements from the United States, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. 12:30 - 1:30 Group Lunch Philadelphia Cheesesteak Lunch Pat's King of Steaks or Geno's Steaks 2:00 - 3:30 Meeting or Cultural Activity Philadelphia Phillies 4:00 - 5:30 Citizens Bank Park Tour One Citizens Bank Way Philadelphia, PA 19148 Tour guests will be treated to a brief audio/visual presentation of Citizens Bank Park, followed by an up-close look at the ballpark. -
Freedom Trail N W E S
Welcome to Boston’s Freedom Trail N W E S Each number on the map is associated with a stop along the Freedom Trail. Read the summary with each number for a brief history of the landmark. 15 Bunker Hill Charlestown Cambridge 16 Musuem of Science Leonard P Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge Boston Harbor Charlestown Bridge Hatch Shell 14 TD Banknorth Garden/North Station 13 North End 12 Government Center Beacon Hill City Hall Cheers 2 4 5 11 3 6 Frog Pond 7 10 Rowes Wharf 9 1 Fanueil Hall 8 New England Downtown Crossing Aquarium 1. BOSTON COMMON - bound by Tremont, Beacon, Charles and Boylston Streets Initially used for grazing cattle, today the Common is a public park used for recreation, relaxing and public events. 2. STATE HOUSE - Corner of Beacon and Park Streets Adjacent to Boston Common, the Massachusetts State House is the seat of state government. Built between 1795 and 1798, the dome was originally constructed of wood shingles, and later replaced with a copper coating. Today, the dome gleams in the sun, thanks to a covering of 23-karat gold leaf. 3. PARK STREET CHURCH - One Park Street, Boston MA 02108 church has been active in many social issues of the day, including anti-slavery and, more recently, gay marriage. 4. GRANARY BURIAL GROUND - Park Street, next to Park Street Church Paul Revere, John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and the victims of the Boston Massacre. 5. KINGS CHAPEL - 58 Tremont St., Boston MA, corner of Tremont and School Streets ground is the oldest in Boston, and includes the tomb of John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. -
Viewport, Augs' IS"', 1743
1887.] The Early African Slave-trade in JV. E. 107 THE EARLY AFRICAN SLATE-TRADE IN NEW ENGLAND. BY WILLIAM B. WEBDEN. THE deportation of African negroes—commonly called the slave-trade—was a movementof importance in the commerce of the latter seventeenth and of the eighteenth century. Perhaps the most momentous and effective change instituted in the minds of men, by this nineteenth century, is in the general conception and treatment of human slavery. The seventeenth century organized the new western countries and created an immense opportunity for labor. The eighteenth coolly and deliberately set Europe at the task of depopulating whole districts of western Africa, and of trans- porting the captives by a necessarily brutal, vicious and horrible traffic to the new civilizations of America. The awakened conscience of the nineteenth century checked the horrid stream of forced migrations ; but an enormous social structure had been reared on servitude and enforced labor ; its overthrow imperilling one of the fairest civilizations of the earth convulsed the great territory and the greater society of the united States of America. North American slavery fell, and with it a vast structure of ideas, political, social and philanthropic, proceeding from the economic force ot'slavery on the one hand, and the hu- manitarian, ameliorating passion of mankind for freedom, on the other. Looking backward one and a half or two and a half centuries, we are amazed and humiliated, when we con- sider how little people knew what they were doing. When the old and enlightened countries sought eagerly for slaves 108 American Antiqitarian Society. -
Crispus Attucks and Text Elements – What Heading Goes at the Beginning of Each Paragraph? Name ______
Crispus Attucks and Text Elements – What Heading Goes at the Beginning of Each Paragraph? Name _______________________________________ Below are the headings. Insert them above the correct paragraphs. Terrible Violence Background on the Boston Massacre Legacy Who was Crispus Attucks? Not Everyone Saw Attucks as a Hero NO HEADING HERE Crispus Attucks was thought to be the first person of African-American descent to be killed in the American Revolution. He died on March 5, 1770, during the Boston Massacre. Crispus Attucks was born sometime in 1723 in or near Framingham, Massachusetts. His cultural heritage is the subject of much debate. Some historians believe Attucks was of African and Native American descent. Although his mother was a slave, it is not clear whether Attucks was considered a free black man, or, was a runaway slave himself. Although details of his life are largely unknown, Attucks spent many years as a sailor and working the docks of various colonial ports. Historians who claim he was a runaway slave believe he used the name “Michael Johnson” to elude capture. Following the 1768 issuance of the Townshend Act, and the subsequent unrest in Boston, British soldiers patrolled Boston’s streets, leading to resentment and bitterness among the citizens. On the night of March 5, 1770, tensions finally boiled over when a British soldier assaulted a Boston man who was harassing him. Tensions quickly escalated as a mob of Bostonians gathered with ice chunks, bottles, and other objects. Several British soldiers were cornered. When someone within the mob hurled a club at a soldier, gunshots rang out. -
Huguenot Identity and Protestant Unity in Colonial Massachusetts: the Reverend André Le Mercier and the “Sociable Spirit”
122 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2012 Huguenots Fleeing France, 1696 At least 200,000 Huguenots are believed to have fled France in the years surrounding 1685, ending up in places as far afield as North America, the Dutch Republic, England, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland, and South Africa. 123 Huguenot Identity and Protestant Unity in Colonial Massachusetts: The Reverend André Le Mercier and the “Sociable Spirit” PAULA WHEELER CARLO Abstract: Numerous researchers have noted that many Huguenots conformed to Anglicanism several decades after their arrival in North America. The situation differed in colonial Massachusetts, where Huguenots typically forged connections with Congregationalists or Presbyterians. This article explores the activities and writings of André Le Mercier (1692- 1764), the last pastor of the Boston French Church, which closed in 1748. Le Mercier was an ardent supporter of Protestant unity, yet he also strove to preserve a strong sense of Huguenot identity. Nevertheless, support for Protestant unity facilitated Huguenot integration into the English-speaking majority, which fostered the demise of French Reformed churches in New England and thereby weakened Huguenot identity. Paula Wheeler Carlo is a professor of history at Nassau Community College and the author of Huguenot Refugees in Colonial New York: Becoming American in the Hudson Valley (Sussex Academic Press, 2005). * * * * * Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. 40 (1/2), Summer 2012 © Institute for Massachusetts Studies, Westfield State University 124 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2012 The Huguenots were French Protestants who followed the teachings of the religious reformer John Calvin (1509-1564).1 They faced persecution and even death during the French Religious Wars in the second half of the sixteenth century.2 The conclusion of these wars produced the Edict of Nantes (1598), which allowed Protestants to freely practice their religion in specified areas of France. -
The Lost History of Slaves and Slave Owners in Billerica” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 42, No
Christopher M. Spraker, “The Lost History of Slaves and Slave Owners in Billerica” Historical Journal of Massachusetts Volume 42, No. 1 (Winter 2014). Published by: Institute for Massachusetts Studies and Westfield State University You may use content in this archive for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the Historical Journal of Massachusetts regarding any further use of this work: [email protected] Funding for digitization of issues was provided through a generous grant from MassHumanities. Some digitized versions of the articles have been reformatted from their original, published appearance. When citing, please give the original print source (volume/ number/ date) but add "retrieved from HJM's online archive at http://www.wsc.ma.edu/mhj. 108 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2014 The Boston Gazette ran the above advertisement on May 9, 1774, alerting readers that a slave owned by William Tompson, a prominent Billerica landowner, had run away. The text reads: Ran away from William Thompson of Billerica, on the 24th, a NegroMan named Caesar, about 5 Feet 7 Inches high, carried with him two Suits of Cloathes, homespun all Wool, light coloured, with white Lining and plain Brass Buttons, the other homespun Cotton and Linnen Twisted. Whoever takes up said Negro and secures him, or returns him to his Master, shall be handsomely rewarded, and all necessary Charges paid by JONATHAN STICKNEY. N. B. All Masters of Vessels and others, are cautioned from carrying off or concealing said Negro, as they would avoid the Penalty of the Law. 109 The Lost History of Slaves and Slave Owners in Billerica, Massachusetts, 1655-1790 CHRISTOPHER M.