VOL. 4 NO. 6 ome Ba JULY/AUGUST 2018 elc ck W !

Ha tter nd.. O A sea otter near . On he Monterey, California (AP) t Fishing boats sit idle at a dock in Alaska.

6WK18_01_Cover.indd 1 6/12/18 2:30 PM VOL. 4 NO. 6 JULY/AUGUST 2018

6-7 10-11 14-15 Modeling Real Puerto Rico the Viking gets serious about Mississippi treasure getting ready

18-19 22-25 26-29 Big guesses Aardvark Setting about a tiny milk records on fi gurine and more Everest

Can this picture really be real? tourists climb it every day. A 2.5- and gold mining is dangerous. So It is. You can fi nd this colorful mile dirt trail leads to the mountain. new tourism brings in much-needed rock in Peru’s Andes Mountains. Climbers gasp for breath at the top. opportunities to make money. Multicolored sediments were laid They stand 16,404 feet above sea But it comes with a cost too. down there over time. Tectonic level. Stripes of turquoise, lavender, Conservationists fear too much foot plates clashed. The sediment rose up and gold point heavenward. traŽ c will destroy the landscape. into a mountain—Rainbow Mountain. Many locals who live near Peruvian biologist Dina Farfan says, Five years ago, only 500 locals Rainbow Mountain are alpaca “They are killing the goose that lays knew the spectacular mountain herders. Others mine for gold. But the golden eggs.” existed. Now more than 1,000 prices for alpaca wool are dropping

Rainbow Mountain, Peru

WORLDkids, Issue 6, July 2018 (ISSN #2372-7357, USPS #700-950) is published 6 times per year—September, November, January, March, May, and July for $35.88 per

year, by God’s World News, God’s World Publications, 12 All Souls Crescent, Asheville, NC 28803. Periodicals postage paid at Asheville, NC, and additional mailing R. Bishop offi ces. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. • PUBLISHER: Howard Brinkman, MANAGING EDITOR: Rich Bishop, EDITOR: Chelsea Boes. Member of Associated Press. Member Services: (800) 951-5437, ADVERTISING SALES: (800) 951-4974 ext. 470, advertising@wng. org. • MAILING ADDRESS: WORLDkids, PO Box 20002, Asheville, NC 28802-8201. Telephone (828) 253-8063. ©2018 God’s World News, God’s World Publications.

2 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 AP Photos

6WK18_02-03_Contents_Puzzle.inddRainbow 2 Mountain, Peru 6/15/18 4:36 PM A visitor frightened campers away from their site. For each problem, use the clues to fi gure out which chairs the girls had been sitting in.

gets serious about

campers Yellow-Deb, Purple-Brie. 2) Blue-Brie, Amy Carla Red-Deb, Yellow-Carla, Purple-Amy. 3) Brie Deb Blue-Brie, Red-Amy, Yellow-Deb, Purple- Carla. 4) Blue-Amy, Red-Deb, Yellow- chairs Carla, Purple-Brie. Make grids. An example is shown. blue red Mark Y where Brie was sitting and X yellow purple where she could not have been sitting. Carla Amy Deb Problem 1 Brie Problem 2 1) Brie ran away without her  ip  ops. 1) Deb doesn’t play the guitar. Brie does. 2) Carla does not like hot dogs. red X 2) Carla and Amy left their hats. 3) Deb did not put a  ag on her chair. 3) Deb was sitting next to Carla. 4) Carla was not sitting next to Brie. blue X 4) Amy was not reading a book. blue ______red ______yellow X blue ______red ______yellow _____ purple _____ purple XX Y X yellow ______purple ______

Problem 3 Problem 4

1) Amy was not playing checkers 1) Brie couldn’t reach the popcorn and wasn’t reading. 2) Brie is a vegetarian. So she was not grilling meat. 2) The camp re smoke went between Carla and Deb. 3) Carla was not sitting next to Amy 3) Carla was playing checkers with Brie.

R. Bishop blue ______red ______blue ______red ______yellow ______purple ______yellow ______purple ______

July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 3

6WK18_02-03_Contents_Puzzle.indd 3 6/15/18 4:36 PM Dog Rescue Kits

An ambulance whizzes by. If you’re in Illinois, the patient inside the ambulance might just be . . . a dog. Police dogs have dangerous jobs. A new law in Illinois says am- bulances can pick up dogs injured in the line of duty. The emergency vehicles carry dogs to the nearest veterinary hospital. But the tools inside ambulances are designed for humans. Workers need tools suited to dogs. A veterinary student named Paul Fedyniak wanted to fi x the problem. He started building dog emergency kits. Ambulances and police offi cers will carry the kits. Inside, they’ll fi nd oxygen masks that fi t dogs. They’ll also fi nd muzzles, bandages, and More shorts dog hair clippers. (The clippers clear the way online every day! to access a wound or insert an IV.) And Mr. Fedyniak didn’t forget to include some fun reward toys for a distraction.

Legendary Pens kids.wng.org

Do you recognize these pens? They serve in the U.S. military. They work for the fed- eral government. They address packages at the post offi ce. The U.S. government buys its pens from a company called Skilcraft. Blind people make Skilcraft pens. In 1938, Pres- ident Franklin D. Roosevelt made a law that the U.S. gov- ernment should buy certain products made by blind people. This provided blind people with jobs. Mops and brooms came fi rst. Then the U.S. gov-

ernment started buying Skil- , 2) c, 3) d, 4) b, 5) 5) b, 4) d, 3) c, 2) ,

craft’s pens in 1968. d 1)

What makes a Skilcraft pen God What history. real is Bible the because us surprise shouldn’t This include: may but vary, will Answers 5) b, 4) b, 3) c, 2) , , b 1)

a Skilcraft pen? It must be able to detectives, truth be can we read we As gods. made-up about stories are myths Norse that remember must We include:

1) d 1) write a continuous line one mile long. It must work at extreme cold may but vary, will Answers 5) d, 4) b, 3) d, 2) , (40 degrees below zero) and extreme heat (160 degrees above). Rumor QUIZZES: says it must also be able to write upside down.

4 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 AP Photos

6WK18_04-05_Shortsx4.indd 4 6/15/18 4:54 PM Why does this lizard have lime green blood? Scientists have won- dered for almost 50 years. New Guinea lizards have green blood, muscles, bones, and tongues. That’s because their bod- ies contain a lot of bile, the green fl uid made by the liver. Other animals and people would die with that much bile inside. So why can lizards survive it? In people, elevated green bile pigment levels sometimes kill malaria parasites. Scientists think lizards’ bodies may have changed over time to fi ght Green-Blooded malaria. At fi rst, researchers wondered if the green blood made the Lizard lizards taste bad to pred- More shorts ators. But one research- online every day! er ate several of the lizards himself t o test the theory. His ver- dict? “Not bad!”

Don’t Look Down! kids.wng.org Astronaut Joe Acaba walks out into outer space. He holds tightly to a railing. Why? Be- cause he’s afraid of heights! Mr. Acaba has traveled to space three times. He installed new cameras on the International Space Station’s arm and truss during his last mission. After returning home, he admitted his fear of heights to a crowd in Mississippi. He said, “It does take a little bit of work while you’re doing a spacewalk to realize, okay, it’s okay. You are not going to fall.” Of course, space has almost no gravity. Mr. Acaba wouldn’t really fall if he came disconnected from the space station. But he could fl oat away. Mr. Acaba has learned: Trust the facts, not your fears. For God gave us a spirit not of fear but of

power and love and self-control. — 1Timothy 1:7

Answers will vary, but may include: Each culture’s staple depends on the geography and resources God has provided. provided. has God resources and geography the on depends staple culture’s Each include: may but vary, will Answers Page 32 Page

1) d, 2) c, 3) d, 4) b, 5) 5) b, 4) d, 3) c, 2) d, 1) p26-29, BALLOON, JET | a 4) b, 3) c, 2) a, 1) p22-25, FILE, CRITTER | happened. actually happened says

2) c, 3) b, 4) b, 5) Answers will vary, but may include: This shouldn’t surprise us because the Bible is real history. What God God What history. real is Bible the because us surprise shouldn’t This include: may but vary, will Answers 5) b, 4) b, 3) c, 2)

1) b, b, 1) p18-21, SMART, APART TAKE | a 4) b, 3) a, 2) b, 1) p14-17, SHIP, CITIZEN | Jesus. of story true the of echoes for looking

include: We must remember that Norse myths are stories about made-up gods. As we read we can be truth detectives, detectives, truth be can we read we As gods. made-up about stories are myths Norse that remember must We include:

1) d, 2) d, 3) b, 4) d, 5) Answers will vary, but may may but vary, will Answers 5) d, 4) b, 3) d, 2) d, 1) p10-13, MACHINE, TIME p10-13, | b 4) a, 3) a, 2) b, 1) p6-9, SOUP, SCIENCE

QUIZZES: QUIZZES: -Brie. Purple -Carla, Yellow -Deb, Red -Amy, Blue 4) -Carla. Purple -Deb, Yellow -Amy, Red -Brie, Blue 3) -Amy. ple

Pur- -Carla, Yellow -Deb, Red -Brie, Blue 2) -Brie. Purple -Deb, Yellow -Amy, Red -Carla, Blue 1) Problems: Logic 3 Page

AP Photos July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 5

6WK18_04-05_Shortsx4.indd 5 6/15/18 4:54 PM Is that the Mississippi River? It And scientists can raise the water level in the model. sure looks tiny! That shows how rising ocean levels change what You can fi nd this Mississippi The land is happens to the land around the river. River Physical Model at the Lou- washing away! The model would probably make the ulti- isiana State University Center for mate action fi gure battleground or doll play- River Studies. The 10,000-square- ground. But scientists use it for something else: foot model shows a smaller version fi xing a big water problem in the United States. of nearly 200 miles of one of the most important rivers in North America. The The Problem model looks tiny if you’re comparing What’s the problem? You could express it to the real Mississippi. For a model, it like this: Hey, Louisiana. Looks like though, it’s massive—about the size of two you’ve lost a few pounds . . . or maybe basketball courts put together. tons. And it’s not a good thing! People put data about the Mississippi River In Louisiana, wetlands are into a computer. They used that information to washing away—a lot of them. cut high-density foam panels into the river’s Altogether, the lost wet- exact shape. Held up by 864 jacks, the We need lands are the size of more  ood model is strong enough for people to sediment! Delaware! Once, the walk on. When visitors go upstairs to Mississippi River look down onto the model, they fed those wetlands. can feel the moisture coming The mighty river’s waters from roughly 6,000 gallons of fl owed there. And the Mississippi water. Tiny particles of plas- brought more than water. It carried nutri- tic in the water act like the ents and sediment too. But to keep their An engineer sediment that courses through homes safe from fl ooding, people walled walks on the the real Mississippi River. Mississippi model. The model helps scientists understand how the river moves sediment (the black stu ).

Ultrasonic water level

gauges line AP Photos, NASA the model.

kids.wng.org/science-soup

6WK18_06-09_SS.indd 6 6/15/18 5:00 PM the river off. They harnessed the river’s power— and kept it in check—by building strong levees. (Levees are banks that direct a river’s fl ow.) Because they could control the river, towns along the water used its power to grow. They could also navigate the river reliably. That meant they could Native Americans gave the huge river its travel a huge distance through 10 American states. name: Mee-zee-see-bee. That means, “Father of People loved being protected from fl oods. But Waters.” They could also have called the river the wetlands didn’t love the levees. The Missis- “highway” because it carried their canoes from sippi River was designed to overfl ow its banks place to place. They could have called it “refrig- and carry sediment to wetlands. The Mississippi’s erator” too. They took much of their food— overfl ow added sediment to keep the land from fi sh—out of its waters. washing away, even when ocean levels rose. With As time passed, people didn’t just use the no Mississippi fl ood sediment to build it up, the river as they found it. They began to push land gradually sinks below the water!

The Solution? Rivers like the Mississippi don’t just want to fl ow in a powerful, human-controlled course. They want to meander . . . all the way down to the coast, where they create marshy land. Now people want to put the river back to Will 500 million tons do? This sediment work. They think, “All right, Mis- could be redirected to sissippi, do what you used to do!” rebuild the land. But how can they make that happen? Here’s their idea: slice through the levees so smaller streams of water can fl ow out Throughout history, people have worked to again. Let them carry sediment back to harness and control the river’s power. the coast, rebuilding the land. against the powerful body of water. They invented steam ships that could navigate its waters even during fl oods. They constructed new towns along its banks. Those towns prospered. With the river close by for trans- port, people living there could sell crops and other local goods to people in faraway states. But the river has pushed people around too. In 1927, a great fl ood devastated river towns in three states. Water swallowed thousands of people’s homes across 27,000 square miles. A photo from space shows coastal sediment being washed About 250 people died in the most destructive into the Gulf of Mexico—500 million tons each year. river fl ood in the country’s history. People pushed back against the river again. But that could come at a cost. People have To k eep their homes safe against future fl oods, grown used to the control the levees provide. The they walled the river off with new levees. banks protect their homes from fl ooding. They Those levees help keep people and industries allow businesses to prosper on the river’s banks. safe. But they also cause the problem the mod- So scientists use the model to fi nd out exactly el-builders are trying to fi x: disappearing wet-

AP Photos, NASA how changing the levees will impact the river. lands. Will the model help give pushy people And using the model, they can fi nd out fast. After and the pushy river a new way watching the model for just an hour, they can tell to work together? how water will move sand down the river for a whole year!

July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 7

6WK18_06-09_SS.indd 7 6/15/18 5:00 PM Gray wolves

the moose could eat themselves—and other creatures—right out of a Pack It Up, food supply. Gray wolves haven’t always lived on Isle Royale. People think they fi rst came in the Wolves!Wolves! 1940s by crossing an ice bridge on Lake Supe- rior. They traveled from Canada or the Minne- sota mainland across 15 miles of ice. Talk about IsleIsle RoyaleRoyale slippery! On the island, CANADA Hands Off Isle Royale they feasted on moose. Their numbers grew. Hands On Minnesota They formed several Lake Superior packs and battled each Michigan other for territory. (Upper Peninsula) But those wolf glory Isle Royale seen from the air Wisconsin days seem to have ended. Most wolves Some packs of wolves are packing up and head- died from inbreeding, accidents, and disease. ing to a new home. Once they arrive, they’ll be Can people help restore them? Offi cials decided devouring all the moose they could ever want to eat. they should try. So people will bring several U.S. offi cials just decided to send new gray dozen wolves to the park over the next fi ve years. wolves to Isle Royale in Michigan. Gray wolves Between six and 10 wolves will move in this fall. there are about to die out. Just two remain: a male But the new wolves won’t all come from the and a female. But those two close- same place. Offi cials hope to capture wolves from ly-related wolves aren’t likely all over the Great Lakes region. That includes to breed. That’s a big prob- Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, tribal lands, and lem—and not just for the Ontario, Canada. The farther apart wolves live, wolves. Too few wolves the fewer genes they have in common. The fewer means too many common genes, the healthier their pups. moose. Too many Isle Royale may be a great environment for moose will over- wolves. But you can bet they won’t travel there eat the Isle Royale willingly. The new wolves will be sedated (put to trees and shrubs. sleep), vaccinated against diseases, and carried to Eventually, the island by aircraft or boat.

8 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 AP Photos

6WK18_06-09_SS.indd 8 6/15/18 5:00 PM Pack It Up,

Gray wolves Wolves!Wolves!

IsleIsleHands RoyaleRoyale Off Hands On

When God made the world, He gave people a job. He told them to “have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the Earth.” (Genesis 1:28) What a job! God gave us responsibility for the incredible animals He created. That includes moose and wolves. For that reason, it’s okay for people to bring new wolves to Isle Royale. But for many years, people followed this rule when dealing with Isle Royale: “HANDS OFF!” They decided not to get too involved with the wildlife on the island. That too was a “dominion decision.” And for many years, it made sense. The island sits in a ring of Lake Superior water. Almost no one lives on it. As decades have passed, moose populations there have grown and shrunk, grown and shrunk. Wolf popula- tions have done the same. People didn’t have to interfere. They just watched. But now warm weather has diminished the frequency of ice on Lake Superior. Officials know more

wolves probably won’t be able to A moose cow on Isle take the slippery walk to Isle Royale Royale. Moose love any time soon. And human hunters to munch the bal- aren’t around to slow down the sam pine forests on the island (below). runaway moose population. Moose love to eat balsam fir trees—the kind of wood that covers the island. Biologists think their over-grazing would destroy the island’s forests. One biologist says they would “trash the place.” Best of all, adding more wolves doesn’t harm people since almost no one lives nearby. Science Quiz

1. exact 2. prospered 3. devouring 4. diminished ■ a) approximate ■ a) flourished ■ a) eating ■ a) increased ■ b) precise ■ b) grew poor ■ b) reintroducing ■ b) decreased ■ c) estimated ■ c) stagnated ■ c) discovering ■ c) chilled AP Photos AP Photos July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 9

6WK18_06-09_SS.indd 9 6/15/18 5:00 PM named Odin rules the kingdom of Asgard. Thor, god of thunder, swings his mighty hammer. Loki the trickster god gets the other gods out of terrible trouble . . . which he caused in the fi rst place.

pagan religious tales from Viking culture.

pened when King Harald Bluetooth moved his people away from believing these stories? We can’t know for sure how many Vikings really became Christians. But evidence shows us that Bluetooth’s Treasure Something silver glitters in the Wireless Bluetooth technology was dirt. Should thirteen-year-old invented by the Swedish company Luca Malaschnitschenko pass Ericsson. Bluetooth makes computers it by? He almost does. But he work with cellular devices (such as phones) takes a second look. The bit resem- without any wires having to be attached. Com- bles garbage—perhaps a useless piece pany offi cials named the technology after Harald of aluminum. Luca and his teacher Bluetooth. Bluetooth tech does just what Harald clean the object. It isn’t trash. It’s a coin. Bluetooth did. It unites things! The two treasure hunters are amateurs. They We remember Harald Bluetooth for another symbols of Christian- ity became common use metal detectors to make this big fi nd on the reason too. He turned his back on old Norse during King Bluetooth’s island of Ruegen in the Baltic Sea. Professionals religion and his peo- reign. Coins from that ask them to keep their discovery a secret for a ple’s made-up gods. time period show three crosses placed on top while. Then the professional archaeologists take He placed an engraved of a triangle. These time to plan and dig. They fi nd a whole hoard of rock in Denmark called the Great Jelling Stone. represent the hill Gol- treasure! Pearls and brooches? Check. Rings and In runes (ancient Germanic letters), the stone says gotha and the crosses necklaces? Check. And let’s not forget the 600 King Bluetooth “won for himself all of Denmark where Jesus and the two robbers were cruci- chipped coins. More than 100 of them go way and Norway and made the Danes Christian.” fi ed. (Matthew 27:38) back—to the time King Bluetooth ruled. You read that right: King Bluetooth! Harald echo the Bible. For ex- Thirteen-year-old Luca helps ample: Odin was sacri- Gormsson lived in the 10th century. He was one hunt for more treasure. fi ced. He was hung on a of the last Viking kings. He ruled what is now tree and pierced in the Denmark, northern Germany, southern Swe- side by a spear. Sound familiar? Jesus died on den, and parts of Norway. He was called a cross to atone for sin. Bluetooth because he had a dead tooth His side was pierced. that looked bluish. People remem- ber King Bluetooth for bringing our sins in His body on unity to Denmark. Of course, the tree, that we might the word “Bluetooth” die to sin and live to means something righteousness. By His wounds you have been else to us today. healed. — 1 Peter 2:24

kids.wng.org/time-machine (1909) Oscar Wergeland AP Photos, Pixabay,

6WK18_10-13_TM.indd 10 6/16/18 6:35 AM MYTHS VIKINGS: Fact OR Fiction? A one-eyed god Vikings lived in Scandinavia (modern-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden) named Odin rules the kingdom of Asgard. Thor, from about A.D. 700 to 1100. What comes into your mind when you think of god of thunder, swings this people group? Are your thoughts based in fact or fi ction? Find out! his mighty hammer. Loki the trickster god gets the other gods out of terrible Fact: Vikings went on brutal raids. trouble . . . which he caused in the fi rst place. “To go Viking” literally means “to go Norse myths are on raids.” Vikings traveled in boats to pagan religious tales attack cities. The Vikings’ fi rst known from Viking culture. attack took place at a monastery in What exactly hap- pened when King Harald Lindisfarne, England. That was in Bluetooth moved his 793. The Vikings killed many monks people away from there and took others as slaves. They believing these stories? then looted the monastery, grabbing We can’t know for sure A painting depicts a Viking boat approaching land. how many Vikings really all the valuables they could carry. They became Christians. But attacked many more monasteries, where they found all kinds of treasure: gold, evidence shows us that jewels, books, food, clothes, animals, and tools. By the end of the 800s, Vikings controlled most of England. Historians believe many settled in Russia as well. Thor’s hammer Fact: Vikings built great boats. Ingeniously built Viking war ships were long, narrow, swift, and could navigate shallow water. That made them ideal for raiding. Vikings could sail right up to the beach, steal valuables, and leave quickly. Eventually, some Vikings began demanding gold for not attacking. The English simply paid them to go away! When a prestigious Viking died, he or she was placed in a ship and put out to sea. The Vikings believed warriors on their way to the afterlife would travel best in their own boats.

All Vikings symbols of Christian- Fiction: ity became common went on raids. We during King Bluetooth’s don’t know for sure reign. Coins from that why Vikings went time period show three crosses placed on top on raids. But we can of a triangle. These guess. Icy Scandinavia represent the hill Gol- was a hard place to gotha and the crosses make a living off the where Jesus and the two Viking-era life usually looked like the scene on this Danish stamp. robbers were cruci- land. Even so, many fi ed. (Matthew 27:38) families farmed instead of raiding. Even very young children fed animals and Even some myths gathered fi rewood. Winters are long, cold, and dark in Scandinavia. To keep echo the Bible. For ex- ample: Odin was sacri- animals alive and to help keep family members warm, longhouses were often fi ced. He was hung on a built with animals at one end and people at the other. Viking children didn’t go tree and pierced in the to school. They helped with chores. Boys practiced fi ght- side by a spear. Sound familiar? Jesus died on ing. They were expected to go into battle by the time a cross to atone for sin. they were 15 or 16 years old. His side was pierced.

He Himself bore Fiction: Vikings wore horned helmets. Imag- our sins in His body on ining Vikings as dirty, horn-helmeted savages? the tree, that we might Forget it! Evidence shows that Vikings valued die to sin and live to righteousness. By His cleanliness. And people have dis- Sorry, Vikings wounds you have been covered only one authentic Viking fans. No horns. healed. — 1 Peter 2:24 helmet. Guess what? No horns!

AP Photos, Pixabay, Oscar Wergeland (1909) Oscar Wergeland AP Photos, Pixabay, July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 11

6WK18_10-13_TM.indd 11 6/18/18 11:19 AM Left: Brian McMahon checks his 100 solar ovens and his wife Loose sea salt ready Shaena pulls a tray of drying sea salt from one of them (circle). to be packaged A Salt Hist

Takin Salt fro th Se Ocean water bakes sand and other impurities. on a toaster tray in Instead of toaster pans, the sunlight. The he stores the seawater Sun does its invisi- in evaporators he built ble work little by little. A few from recycled parts. days pass. The water is gone. The North Carolina What’s left behind? Salt! Brian sun bakes through McMahon is harvesting it while their tops—old win- he’s on vacation. Whenever he dows. Temperatures travels to a new place, he dries inside rise as high as 180 seawater and collects its salt. He degrees. That’s hot enough learns something su rprising. to kill bacteria. After about Salts from different oceans have a month, nothing remains but different textures and fl avors. white, fat, zesty fl akes of salt. Mr. McMahon uses his Regular table salt is often salt-making skills to build a mined out of the ground. Sea business. Now he and his wife salt is less processed. It retains own Hatteras Saltworks. Their more minerals, which people home is on Hatteras Island, value for taste and health bene- North Carolina. Clean ocean fi ts. Sea salt doesn’t need addi- water surrounds them. Two tives to keep it from clumping Recycled materials are used at Hatteras strong ocean currents—the Lab- like table salt does. A gallon of Saltworks, such as packing boxes made rador and Gulf Stream—meet seawater produces about four out of drift wood found on the beach. near their home. So nutrients ounces of salt. (That’s a little and minerals from the far heavier than a deck of cards.) reaches of the Atlantic Ocean The McMahons crush the sea are mixing together there. Brian salt into smaller grains and collects sea water in tanks at p ackage it. Hatteras Saltworks high tides on full moons. Water offers three fl avors—pure, is saltiest then. He fi lters out smoked pecan, and rosemary.

12 WORLDkids • July/August 2018

6WK18_10-13_TM.indd 12 6/16/18 6:35 AM A Salt Hist Salt makes than 40 uses of salt money for Mr. and as a medicine. Peo- Mrs. McMahon. ple also use salt to But did you know preserve food. That that salt once was takes a lot of salt! money? Romans Salt is plentiful paid soldiers in salt. on Earth. But not That’s where we get every place has the the word “salary.” same amount. Long In ancient Greece, ago, only a few

slaves were bought A drawing from the people could pro- with salt. People 1500s shows people duce it. Wars were said a lazyTakin slave measuring salt as pay. froeven fought th over was “not worth his Salt salt. Union soldiersSe salt”—a phrase still used today. captured Confederate salt works Would you be happy if your during the U.S. Civil War. At employer handed you a box of one point during the war, a bag salt instead of crisp dollar bills? of salt cost $125 in Georgia! Peoples of the past didn’t mind a bit! In fact, they forged trade Worth Your Salt routes across the world just to Salt is vital to life. And you’ll get to salt. Marco Polo brought fi nd references to salt sprinkled salt coins home from Asia. Afri- through the whole Bible. Lot’s cans used slabs of rock salt as wife disobeyed God. She was coins too—though at 10 inches turned into a pillar of salt (Gen- long, they certainly wouldn’t fi t esis 19:26). Salt was used in in your wallet. Old Testament worship. Read Salt adds fl avor. A famous Exodus 30:35, Leviticus 2:13, chef once said that salt makes and Ezekiel 43:24. Salt cannot food taste more like itself. And be destroyed. It keeps its fl avor. every person and animal in the God used salt to show that He Bags of salt hang to fi nish drying. world needs salt to survive. Salt would keep His promise (Num- keeps the fl uids of our bod- bers 18:19). Salt can also make ies in balance. Salt’s minerals things pure. Elisha used salt to have healing properties too. An “heal” the water of Jericho (2 ancient Chinese book listed more Kings 2:19-22). Quiz Jesus teaches in Matthew 5:13 that His disciples are “the 1. People remember King 3. Most table salt is from __. Bluetooth for __. ■ a) seawater salt of the earth.” That means ■ a) his blue tooth ■ b) underground salt mines they should help and do good. ■ b) inventing Bluetooth technology ■ c) rock salt Have salt in yourselves, and ■ c) uniting Denmark ■ d) bacteria be at peace with each other. ■ d) a and c 4. Roman __ got paid in salt. ― Mark 9:50 2. Which is true of Vikings? ■ a) slaves ■ a) They wore horned helmets. ■ b) explorers ■ b) They all went on raids. ■ c) chefs ■ c) Boys went to battle by the time ■ d) soldiers they were 10 years old. 5. What must we remember when d) They were great ship builders. ■ reading the Norse myths? What AP Photos Answers page 5 should we look for? July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 13

6WK18_10-13_TM.indd 13 6/16/18 6:35 AM Ready for Hu icanes Offi cials in Puerto Rico for disaster. This year, they real number could be in the stockpile radios. They set aside reserve more than 2 million. thousands because of interrupted food and water. They teach They store more food this year medical care in the months fol- others exactly what to do in an too—seven times more. They lowing the storm. People won- emergency. warn people living on the island: der: Could medical help have Is an emergency coming? “Three days of survival supplies arrived faster? If it had, how Maybe. is not enough. You need enough many more lives could have Atlantic hurricane season to survive on your own for been saved? lasts from June to November. 10 days at least.” Hurricane Maria taught offi - People in Puerto Rico are pre- Many people are unhappy cials a hard lesson. So this year paring. They’re also remem- with how offi cials handled last they plan big. They prepare for bering Hurricane Maria. The year’s hurricane recovery. After a total catastrophe—one they terrible storm ravaged Puerto the storm quieted, thousands hope will not come. Rico in September, 2017. Homes spent weeks looking for food, Can you think of a wise offi - were swept away in landslides water, and other basic supplies. cial in the Bible who took care of and fl oods. Winds roared at Government reports said 64 peo- people during a natural disaster? 154 miles per hour. The storm ple died because of the storm. Read Joseph’s plan to save Egypt knocked out cell phone service But some researchers say the from famine in Genesis 41. and power. And it wasn’t your Above: Maria blows toward Puerto Rico. Below: The Dragoni home was destroyed typical power outage. Most last year. O cials in Puerto Rico want the island to be better prepared this year. power lines were destroyed. That’s no easy fi x! Even now, thousands of people fl ick on their light switches—and nothing happens. They have had no elec- tricity for almost a year! Puerto Ricans still aren’t done cleaning up Maria’s mess. No wonder they want to be extra-prepared for storms this year! Last year, offi cials set aside around 200,000 gallons of water to be used AP Photos

kids.wng.org/citizen-ship JUNE JULYAUGUST

6WK18_14-17_CS.indd 14 6/16/18 6:41 AM cold air A Hurricane Forms cold air cold air cold air

center rotation rotation forming

warm warm warm air air air

1) Thunderstorms form when warm, 2) A cluster of storms gather around a 3) The moist, warm air cools as it moist air rises, causing it to collide center of low pressure. The rotation of rises, causing the storm to and crash into colder air above. the Earth makes the storm begin to spin. spread out and form rain bands.

Eye—winds Air drawn up into eye. calm at center Air cools and loses moisture, forming cloud cap over hurricane

Eye wall— strongest winds Rain bands

Moist air Winds spiral Warm air rises coming o inward, reach into the thunder- warm ocean highest speeds storms that make Wind speed (mph) to 155 155 + around the eye up the hurricane to 130 to 110 Storm surge—hurricane plows to 96 water, causing coastal ooding

Hurricane Category OneTwo ThreeFour Five Atlantic hurricane season— Orange shows when more occur. Storm surge (feet)

to 5to 8to 12 to 18 18+ AP Photos

UGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER

July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 15

6WK18_14-17_CS.indd 15 6/16/18 6:41 AM WhatWhat Is Washington, D.C.

Forgotten Boundaryeven rememberStones that the stones exist—much less remember to take care of them. Which people should have the job of main- taining the forgotten stones? It’s complicated. Some stones stand on private property. Others are on public land. One idea is to let public school students who WhatWhat Is Washington,live in Washington, D.C. D.C., help care for them. Schools could “adopt” stones. Kids could learn about American history as they tended

West the markers. That Boundary might be a good Watch your step! You’re Stone solution. But about to trip over history! it’s not yet In Washington, D.C., you set in can’t ignore the Washington stone. Monument. It’s huge! But you may totally miss the 40 mon- uments called the Boundary Stones. Or you may stumble right over them. Some of the stones are easy to spot. They are labeled with plaques and protected by fences. But others go unnoticed. Cars, Wash- weather, traffi c, and construction ington, equipment have damaged them. D.C. He You’ll fi nd one of the stones at donated 100 The South marker the edge of a McDonald’s park- square miles is under an old ing lot surrounded by trash! of land. People lighthouse. The stones have a story. After cleared trees from the the Revolutionary War, people boundary line. The fi rst in the new United States squab- stone was laid April 15, bled. They couldn’t agree about 1791, in Alexandria, Virginia. where to put the capital city. But The stones mark out the city in a the U.S. Constitution 10-mile by 10-mile square. gave the fi rst You can still visit these his- president toric markers . . . if you know to power to look for them. decide. The markers are sup- George posed to make us remember Wash- the beginning of the United ington States, a country ruled by the chose people. But most people don’t

16 WORLDkids • July/August 2018

6WK18_14-17_CS.indd 16 6/16/18 6:42 AM WhatWhat Is Washington, D.C. doesn’t have a seat at the D.C. table: Washington, D.C.! The District of Columbia is not a state. Its residents do not have a vote in Congress.) Imagine if the United States had no capital city. What would that be like? Think about the city as a table again. No city means The White House is at nearly no table. The United States hat Is Washington, D.C. the center of the square marked might end up like a family with WhatW Is Washington, D.C. out by Boundary Stones. no place to gather for Thanks- giving or Easter. The states might lose touch with each Washington, D.C., is the cap- ital of the United States. That Lawmakers from the states gather at the Capitol Building. Inside, states means it’s the seat of the coun- display statues of their famous people. try’s political power. What is a “seat of power?” It’s not a literal seat. But you could imagine the capital as a table. Every state has a seat at the table. The United States is a representative republic. So Washington, D.C., should repre- sent every state. State represen- Memorial show how each state other. That would be no good tatives come together there to has helped the country during for the U.S. government. States make laws. The capital’s muse- struggles. In the Capitol Build- must work closely together to ums show the science and his- ing, each state shows off statues make the country function well. tory of the entire nation. Mon- of its famous people. (However, In the Old Testament, God uments like the World War II one part of the United States gave the Israelites a central city to focus on. It was called Jerusalem. God’s people today The South marker is under an old have a new gathering place to look forward to. It’s the “New Jerusalem.” Christians think of heaven as our new gathering place. That’s a city worth getting excited about!

Therefore God is not A pillar honors each state and terri- ashamed to be called their God, tory at the World War II Memorial. for He has prepared for them a city. ― Hebrews 11:16

1. catastrophe 2. collide 3. squabbled 4. literal Citizen Ship ■ a) success ■ a) crash into ■ a) spent money ■ a) actual ■ b) disaster ■ b) back away ■ b) argued ■ b) imaginary Quiz ■ c) triumph ■ c) go around ■ c) made a map ■ c) fi gurative

AP Photos Answers page 5 July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 17

6WK18_14-17_CS.indd 17 6/16/18 6:42 AM Jewish temple Jesus once stood in. They discover a Philistine cemetery. (Goliath in 1 Samuel 17 and Delilah in Judges 16 were both Philistines.) And the search for Biblical artifacts goes on . . . and on . . . and on. As people continue looking, the names of cities mentioned in the Bible turn out to be exactly right. Unearthed architecture matches structures described in the Bible. That shouldn’t surprise us. The Bible is real history!

dig up at ancient sites. Will people ever fi nd the Ark of the Covenant? (Exodus 25) Will they scientifi - cally prove Jonah was swallowed by a fi sh? (Jonah 1:7) They might not—but God’s words will always be true. Bible events happened thousands of years ago. Many artifacts from those times no longer exist. And people have discovered only a fraction of the artifacts that will “prove” the Bible. And don’t be shaken when Whose head is this? Hebrew University archaeologist Naama a discovery doesn’t seem to fi t with the Bible story. This two-inch fi gure’s golden crown shows he Yahalom-Mack says the fi gure’s hairdo shows he The Bible paints a huge picture of the history of the was royalty. But which king was he? What king- was a king. His hair is pulled back. Thick locks world. When we see a few artifacts, we’re just see- dom did he rule? cover his ears. A striped crown of gold holds the ing part of the big picture. Archaeologists unearthed the tiny fi gurine in hair place. The hairstyle looks similar to the way 2017 at a site called Abel Beth Maacah. That’s Egyptians depicted their Middle Eastern neigh- fl ower of grass. The grass withers, and the fl ower south of Israel’s border with the country of Leb- bors in art. falls, but the word of the Lord remains forever. anon. Bible-readers recognized the name Abel The books of 1 and 2 Kings tell the histories of And this word is the good news that was preached Beth Maacah from a list of cities in the Bible. (1 the kings who ruled God’s people, the Israelites. to you. ― 1 Peter 1:24-25 Kings 15:20) But many kings ruled in this region during the A volunteer discovered the treasure. It comes 9th century. Archaeologists make guesses. Is this th Archaeologists fi nd sites that match Bible history, such as: from the 9 century B.C. during a historical stern-looking person King Ben Hadad or Hazael ■ period called the Iron Age. Art of human fi gures of Damascus? Is he the wicked King Ahab of ■ is extremely rare from that time in history. When Israel? Or Ithobaal of Tyre? “It’s like a hello from ■ it is discovered, it is normally of low quality. But the past,” says Ms. Yahalom-Mack. “But we don’t ■ except for a missing bit of beard, this king is in know anything else about it.” ■ great shape. He’s made of faience, a glass-like Was the head a stand-alone piece? Or did it material. People in Egypt and belong to a larger statue? While scholars debate, the Middle East used archaeologists grab their shovels. It’s time to start faience to form digging in the same place. Maybe they’ll fi nd small human more treasure. Maybe they’ll fi nd clues about the and animal king’s identity. And maybe they’ll fi nd the rest of fi gurines. the statue’s body!

kids.wng.org/take-apart-smart AP Photos

6WK18_18-21_TAS.indd 18 6/16/18 6:57 AM Archaeologists dig up part of a column from the Jewish temple Jesus once stood in. They discover a Philistine cemetery. (Goliath in 1 Samuel 17 and Delilah in Judges 16 were both Philistines.) And the search for Biblical artifacts goes on . . . and on . . . and on. As people continue looking, the names of cities mentioned in the Bible turn out to be exactly right. Unearthed architecture matches structures described in the Bible. That shouldn’t surprise us. The Bible is real history! But our faith in Jesus isn’t based on what people dig up at ancient sites. Will people ever fi nd the Ark of the Covenant? (Exodus 25) Will they scientifi - cally prove Jonah was swallowed by a fi sh? (Jonah 1:7) They might not—but God’s words will always be true. Bible events happened thousands of years ago. Many artifacts from those times no longer LEBANON exist. And people have discovered only a fraction of the artifacts that do still exist. No one discovery will “prove” the Bible. And don’t be shaken when SYRIA a discovery doesn’t seem to fi t with the Bible story. The Bible paints a huge picture of the history of the world. When we see a few artifacts, we’re just see- ing part of the big picture. All fl esh is like grass and all its glory like the fl ower of grass. The grass withers, and the fl ower falls, but the word of the Lord remains forever. And this word is the good news that was preached to you. ― 1 Peter 1:24-25 ISRAEL JORDAN

Archaeologists fi nd sites that match Bible history, such as: ■ The Siloam Pool, where Jesus healed a blind man EGYPT ■ A Philistine cemetery near Ashkelon ■ The location of Cana, where Jesus attended a wedding feast ■ Abel Beth Maacah, mentioned in 1 Kings ■ Machaerus, where John the Baptist was killed

AP Photos July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 19

6WK18_18-21_TAS.indd 19 6/16/18 6:57 AM plants, fi sh, and worms. Grant Terrell is an assistant curator at the museum. “Each speci- men is a library book,” he says, “and these are the library books that we can’t reprint.” Researchers just fi nished a fi ve-year study. They learned that out of every eight bird species, one is in danger of extinction. The museum—with its drawers full of “last birds”—helps us take that study seriously. We will never again be able Preserved ivory-billed woodpeckers at Ohio State University to enjoy seeing pas- senger pigeons in the Pull open this metal Ohio newspaper said, You can think of wild. We will never get drawer at Ohio State’s “Women gathered their this Ohio museum as a another chance to study Museum of Biological long skirts and hur- library of dead birds . their behavior. Passen- Diversity. Try not to ried for the shelter of . . and so much more. ger pigeons aren’t the shriek. Inside, you’ll stores. Horses bolted. The museum houses only bird species to fi nd 17 dead birds. They . . several (people) a huge collection. It totally disappear from are the last passenger dropped on their knees includes all kinds of the planet. Will they be pigeons in the world. and prayed.” The birds birds, ticks, mites, the last? Almost no one alive blocked out the sun today has ever seen and dropped dung like a living passenger snowfall. When they pigeon. But once, pas- landed in such great senger pigeons were numbers, they knocked the most abundant bird limbs off trees. Now in North America! The that’s a lot of pigeons! birds soared through Too many, people the sky in huge groups thought. People hunted like clouds. There the troublesome birds. were so many, it would But they went way AP Photos take two whole hours overboard. By 1914, for them to fl y over a the birds had totally city! A writer for an disappeared! Passenger pigeon specimens in the collection

A drawer full of dead Lessons birds is a reminder. “Birds from really have gone extinct. It could happen again.” We Extinction can study each instance of extinction to learn how to protect birds in the future. 20 WORLDkids • July/August 2018

6WK18_18-21_TAS.indd 20 6/16/18 6:58 AM Knock-knock!” If you hear that sound, you just might Martha they did, the Rocky be hearing an ivo- In 1914, the very last Mountain grasshopper ry-billed woodpecker. passenger pigeon stands (which once blanketed Their unique peck- in a cage at the Cin- the land with swarms) ing sound sets them cinnati Zoo. Her wings died out. Grass was apart—or set them droop. Her body shakes. gone. Grasshoppers apart. People think Visitors try to throw were gone. Soon cur- the woodpecker went sand at her to make her lews, which eat grass- extinct 50 years ago move. Keepers rope off hoppers, were gone too. Carolina parakeets because its habitat dis- her cage to protect her. People guess the appeared. But in 2005, On September 1, Mar- birds went extinct in Incas someone took a video tha dies. After she is the late 1960s. People A bright green bird in an Arkansas forest. stuffed, workers put her last saw and photo- with a yellow head darts It seemed to show the on display at the Smith- graphed the rare birds from a stream to its long lost bird. Was it sonian Museum. then. But researchers nest in a large sycamore really an ivory-billed can’t feel totally certain tree. But it doesn’t live woodpecker? Some say the curlew is extinct. in the tropics. It lives in yes. Others say no. Once in a while, some- Wisconsin—a place you one reports an Eskimo expect to see fi elds and curlew sighting. But cows, not parrots! they have usually The Carolina para- Quiz actually seen another keet was America’s only 1. What did people discover brown, hooked-billed native parrot. Farmers at Abel Beth Maacah? ■ a) a headless fi gurine bird: the whimbrel. killed off the parakeets ■ b) a king’s head made because they saw them of faience A Smithsonian expert ■ c) an iron sculpture works on the stu ed pas- as seed-eating pests. Others hunted them for ■ d) part of a Hebrew senger pigeon, Martha. temple their feathers, which made colorful hat dec- 2. Goliath and Delilah Eskimo Curlew were both __. The Eskimo curlew orations. The last one ■ a) Hebrews is—or was—a brown- lived in captivity at the ■ b) made-up ish shorebird with a Cincinnati Zoo. His ■ c) Philistines ■ d) archaeologists down-curved bill. It name was Incas. He once migrated from died in 1918—in the 3. Passenger pigeons are __. South America to parts same cage where Mar- ■ a) critically endangered of Canada and Alaska. tha the pigeon had died ■ b) extinct People hunted the four years before. ■ c) the most common AP Photos birds in North America birds. They also plowed Ivory-Billed ■ d) common in Ohio under grassy prairie An Eskimo curlew Woodpecker at Ohio State 4. Which bird was killed land for farmland. As “Knock-knock! for its colorful feathers? ■ a) the Eskimo curlew ■ b) the Carolina parakeet ■ c) the passenger pigeon ■ d) the ivory-billed Memory is a key to God knows we often You’ll fi nd a big one in woodpecker birds is a reminder. “Birds wisdom. Have you ever need tangible remind- Luke 22:19. 5. Archaeologists often fi nd really have gone extinct. It heard the phrase “out ers to keep the truth artifacts that match with could happen again.” We of sight, out of mind”? in our minds. Can you accounts in the Bible. Why can study each instance of If something isn’t right think of any physical shouldn’t this surprise us? extinction to learn how to in front of our faces, we reminders that help His Answers page 5 protect birds in the future. can forget all about it! people remember Him? July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 21

6WK18_18-21_TAS.indd 21 6/16/18 6:58 AM D

. a

i

n l

i A e

l d l e n H a l o o ls s te in s W ne g ak pin s up on slee

S

h

e

s q u e e z e s ge ntl s. y a few time Got (A ilk? An aardvark at the Cincin- aeveryr dFriday.v Theya sendr somek of )animals M has already helped at nati Zoo is sharing his mother’s it to Smithsonian’s Exotic Ani- the Cincinnati Zoo. Workers milk—but not with another mal Milk Repository. Then scien- used it to feed Fiona the baby aardvark. The milk is going to tists use the milk for an important hippo. Fiona was born in Jan- scientists in Washington, D.C.! project: making a milk substitute uary. She weighed 29 pounds. Winsol the aardvark was for baby animals. That’s huge compared to an born in December. No other Researchers analyze the milk. ordinary human newborn. But healthy aardvark has been born As a baby grows, its nutritional baby hippos normally weigh at the zoo in more than 20 years. needs change. God made each between 55 and 120 pounds at Winsol drinks milk from her mother’s milk to change as her birth. Tiny Fiona could not stand mom, Ali. Zoo staffers baby does. The research- and feed from her mother Bibi. draw milk samples ers take note of these The milk substitute Fiona drank from Ali changes from week was designed just for her. With

to week. They try its help, Fiona thrived.

. k

l to copy the formula The milk repository has

i

m God designed. They 15,000 samples so far. Those k r a v want to be better came from 185 species. But the d r a a able to keep baby ani- repository hasn’t received aard- f l o mals alive when they vark milk since 1992. Captive via Success! A cannot feed from their aardvarks are rare. And milking mothers. one is tricky business! Once The zoo has already collected baby Winsol begins to feed, zoo- milk samples from gorillas keeper Danielle Holste quickly and hippos. That research will milks Ali. But she must be very help zoos all over the world. careful. She doesn’t want to dis- And man-made milk for baby turb the hungry youngster. kids.wng.org/critter-fi le AP Photos

6WK18_22-25_CF.indd 22 6/16/18 7:02 AM Milk— Zoos Feed A Beyond nimals Young Winsol will soon stop be some growl- nursing. Zookeepers will start ing over who feeding him. gets to eat Your pets do fi ne with a bowl fi rst. But that of dry cat or dog food. Your is one way rabbits and hamsters like their a pack sorts pellets. But did you see bags of out who the aardvark chow the last time you leaders are. were at the store? Oranges, mel- Zoos keep wild animals. ons, cucumbers, Aardvarks And they want them to remain and lettuce are like ants and termites. wild. That’s why enclosures Gira es reach for their food. scattered across are designed like real habi- the fl oor for gorillas. The pri- tats—trees for monkeys, water own supply of crickets and raise mates can take their time to for polar bears, and soft dirt for baby mice. roam and pick up this and that, groundhogs. Mix—Everyone loves Win- eating like they would in the Zoos want to mimic life in sol. But no one wants to deal forest. But you wouldn’t put a the wild when it comes to feed- with swarms of live ants and giraffe’s food on the ground, ing too. To do that, they have to mounds of termites. So aard- would you? Those animals need answer two big questions: varks are fed a premixed insec- to stretch and reach. So their tivore chow. Premixed powders, “browse” (mix of leaves, twigs, What? pellets, or molded gels help keep and grass) is placed in a basket Researchers study what ani- animals on a balanced diet. on a tall pole. mals in the wild eat. Then they get creative by substituting, How? raising, or mixing the nutrients The wellbeing of many ani- animals need. mals has a lot to do with how Substitute—Egyptian geese they eat. thrive on a variety of plants Lions and tigers are hunters. along the Nile River. It turns out They are fed with big chunks of that grocery store lettuce and meat and bones that they must kale can keep them healthy too. tear up and gnaw. Raise—Reptiles eat all sorts Wolves are pack animals. of insects. Snakes gobble a vari- Keepers toss a piece of cow car- ety of rodents. Zoos farm their cass into the group. There might

Kale works for some omnivores, like Egyptian geese. Some carnivores need to gnaw.

According to their Kinds The variety of creatures on this Earth is a reminder of how dependable God is. Animals still exist as He created them, “according to their kinds.” Those words are repeated over and over in Genesis. “Let the earth bring forth living crea- tures according to their kinds.” (Genesis 1:24) AP Photos July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 23

6WK18_22-25_CF.indd 23 6/16/18 7:02 AM Otter

Welcome Back! OtterO Male sea otters nap in the sun, clasping each be found.) They’ve been hanging out without other’s paws for stability. Female otters fl oat spreading out. They’ve been clogging the same with their young perched on their chests. New- salt water area with cuteness for 20 years! And born otters, even more buoyant than adults, bob they need to spread out. Otherwise, their popula- alongside like corks. This can mean only one tion won’t grow anymore. thing. Southern sea otters are mak- Sea otters are carnivores. God ing a comeback in California! Newport designed them to keep their eco- OREGON But wildlife experts aren’t doing systems in balance. Have you Historic a victory dance yet. In fact, they’re range heard the expression “When the scratching their heads. CALIF. cat’s away the mice will play”? San Francisco Santa Cruz People hunted southern sea Monterey You could also say “When the sea otters for their fur for hundreds Current Santa Barbara otter’s away, the purple sea urchins of years. (And it’s no wonder. range will play.” Without otters to eat

Sea otters have the densest fur in Historic range MEXICO them, pesky purple urchin popu-

the world! It keeps them—and Pacific Ocean lations skyrocketed. They helped

people—seriously warm.) By the 200 mi destroy more than 90 percent of 1930s, only 50 of the creatures Northern California’s bull-kelp remained. Laws were putSOURCE: in maps4news/HERE, place to U.S. Fish and Wildlifeforest. Service And coastal life without a kelp forest is protect the near-extinct species. treacherous. No kelp forest equals no underwater And now otters are on the hiding places, no food stores, and no nurseries to rebound at more than protect young coastal life. And kelp forests pro- 3,000. Here’s the tect otters too. They hide them from great white problem: The otters sharks. (Great whites don’t enjoy the big hairy are stuck. They fi ll test bite they take of otters. They move on. But only about a quar- one bite is enough to kill an otter.) ter of their old Everything is out of whack! What can people range. (A range do? They may fi nally just load up the otters in is the geograph- vehicles, carry them to the few remaining kelp ical area where forests, and say, “Keep making otter pups. But a species can do it over here!” AP Photos

kids.wng.org/critter-fi le

6WK18_22-25_CF.indd 24 6/16/18 7:02 AM Unlike their southern cousins off the coast of California, the number of northern sea otters in Alaska is growing more rapidly. And now that Left: Otters love red sea urchins. the otters are back, they’re back to eating . . . and Middle: Geoduck eating . . . and eating. clams are also a fa- Here’s the sea otter menu: sea urchins, geo- vorite. Fishing boats sit idle in Alaska. duck (pronounced “gooey-duck”) clams, and sea Bottom: Kelp forests cucumbers. But those items are also on menus in give otters a place Asia—an important market for fi shermen. And sea to hide from great white sharks. otters aren’t snackers. They eat a quarter of their weight in food every day! Do the math: A 100- pound otter eats 25 pounds of seafood each day. (Twenty-fi ve pounds is as heavy as three cats.) he Otter Han n t The California sea otters are d.. O stuck in a small range. But northern sea otters in . Otter Alaska are spreading. As they do, Alaska fi shermen watch their harvest shrink. Divers once harvested 6 million pounds of red sea urchins each year. Now they are harvesting less than 1 million pounds. Jeremy Leighton of Ketchikan, Alaska, dives for sea urchins from his boat. He looks for plump specimens. But he doesn’t want them too big. “If it’s like a cow tongue, it just doesn’t fi t on a sushi roll,” he says. But sea otters don’t care about urchin size. They’ll take anything. Mr. Leighton fi nds broken shells on the ocean fl oor. Only a handful of sea urchins remain hidden in rock crannies. Then he knows he’s in trouble. The sea otters beat him to his catch. “Otters are coming back!” may sound like good news to wildlife experts. But it doesn’t sound good to fi sh- ermen. For them “more otters” may mean “no jobs.”

CritterFile Quiz 1. substitute 2. enclosures 3. stability 4. plump ■ a) replacement ■ a) open jungles ■ a) nourishment ■ a) fl eshy ■ b) assistant ■ b) open fi elds ■ b) steadiness ■ b) tiny ■ c) nutrition ■ c) cages ■ c) warmth ■ c) fi shy AP Photos

Answers page 5 July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 25

6WK18_22-25_CF.indd 25 6/16/18 7:03 AM And . . . that’s a record! Kami Rita stands at the top of the highest peak in the world—29,035 feet in the air. For him, the snowy mountain- top is a familiar sight. He has now climbed Mount Everest 22 times! Mr. Rita is 48 years old. Before now, he shared the world record for most Everest climbs with two other men. Now it belongs only to him. Like the other two record holders, Mr. Rita is a Sherpa. Sherpas are an ethnic group of people who live near Mount Everest. Mountaineering has been Mr. Rita’s family tradition. His father was a trail guide. His brother has scaled Everest 17 times. Most of his male relatives have reached the top at least once. Mr. Rita fi rst climbed Everest when he was 24 years old. He has made the trip almost every year since. Kami Rita Fo tE ReOr

ChNgSOr

Lhakpa Sherpa MoNtInAnd he’s not this year’s only record breaker. Lhakpa Sherpa climbed Ever- est for the ninth time this May. She brokeGuDe the record for most Everest climbs for a woman—a record she set herself with her eighth climb. Ms. Sherpa lives in Connecticut and works as a dishwasher. But she grew up in Everest’s shadow just like Mr. Rita did. Are the new record-breakers done climbing? Both say no. Ms. Sherpa plans to climb next year. And Mr. Rita wants to reach Everest’s peak at least 25 times! “I will continue to climb,” he says. “I have not reached my retirement age, and until I retire I will continue to be a guide on Everest.”

kids.wng.org/jet-balloon AP Photos

6WK18_26-29_JB.indd 26 6/16/18 7:06 AM ReOr

better than anybody. Historically, they have herded yaks over its high trails. It’s like they have been training for ChNgSOr Everest climbs their entire lives! So mountaineers often hire Sherpa guides to help them climb. Sherpas prepare routes. They place guide ropes and carry supplies. MoNtIn It’s not an easy life. “There are many risks in climb- ing,” Mr. Rita says. It is always dangerous—even for someone like him. GuDe Mr. Rita has lost friends in mountaineering accidents. He dodges avalanches. He moves over unpredictable, Kami Rita decided to become towering slopes through frigid weather and thin air. an Everest guide when he was just Thankfully, guides today have better equipment than a kid. “Growing up in the village I they once did. Weather forecasting has gotten better too. envied the good clothes and things But the dangers are still there. that people in the village brought Mr. Rita says he must keep climbing because he back after expeditions,” he says. doesn’t know any other way of life. But things could be Kami Rita Many people in Nepal are poor. changing for the Sherpa. Mr. Rita says he doesn’t want Most earn around $700 each year. to pass the climbing tradition on. His two children are in But as an experiencedTURKMENISTAN guide, Mr. a TAprivateJIKISTAN school in Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital. They are Rita earns about $10,000 for each safe. They are getting an education their parents could climb he completes. Money isn’t the not have imagined back in their home villages. Mr. Rita reason he keeps climbing though. and his wife Jangmu agree: Their children won’t be He says he does it forAFGHANISTAN his family, the mountain guides. Sherpa people, and his country. Children are CHINA Many Sherpas live in the moun- a heritage from ReOr tains of China, India, and Nepal. the Lord. Mount Everest Sherpas know Mount Everest ― Psalm 127:3 NEPAL In Nepal, kids rest as they trek to BHUTAN school above Namche Bazaar,P AKISTAN the last stop for climbing teams INDIA ChNgSOr heading up to Mount Everest. BANGLADESH

Bay of MoNtIn Bengal

July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 27

6WK18_26-29_JB.indd 27 6/16/18 7:07 AM A sign encourages Hawaiians to be strong after taro fi elds were fl ooded on Kauai island, Hawaii, in April.

Rain pours from the sky in record- A Hawaiian meal features a bowl of poi. breaking amounts. Newly planted fi elds are washed out. Older fi elds suffocate under muddy silt. Tractors become unusable and farmhouses are damaged. Hawaiians watch as the pounding rain ruins a year’s supply of their staple food—the starchy purple vegetable called taro. Have you ever taken a big gooey bite of poi? Hawaiians have used taro to make poi since ancient Jet Balloon Quiz times. To you, poi might look like purple goop. 1. What record was set on And you’ll have to practice eating it. Don’t use a with nitrogen. Fertile mud causes the taro’s stalk Mount Everest this year? spoon. Use your fi ngers. Tuck it between bites of and leaves to fl ourish. But it makes the taro’s corm ■ a) fi rst man to climb 22 times juicy pork, fi sh, greens, onions, and tomatoes, all (underground bulb) watery and spongy. The Hawai- ■ b) fi rst woman to climb nine times ■ c) fi rst woman to climb 25 times wrapped up and steamed in a big taro leaf. Hawai- ian term for wet taro is “loliloli.” And loliloli makes ■ d) a and b ians scoop the purple poi into their mouths with lumpy poi. Taro farm owners suffer. They can’t 2. What is NOT true of one, two, or three fi ngers—depending on its thick- control the rain. So they get ready for a year with- the Sherpa people? ness. Licking your lips yet? Many Hawaiians are. out poi, taro chips, taro cubes, and taro stew. They ■ a) They were yak herders. Or they were—before the rain came. tell Hawaiians and other poi-lovers: Taro may run ■ b) They often serve as guides on Mount Everest. The mid-April fl oods sent brown mud and water out. Fill your belly with poi now! ■ c) They are usually wealthy people. cascading into taro fi elds. The muck was packed ■ d) Most make around $700 each year. Before this year's rains, a woman plants taro 3. What is taro? seedlings on Kauai island, Hawaii. ■ a) a banana-like fruit ■ b) a kind of rice ■ c) a kind of wheat ■ d) a starchy purple vegetable 4. Staple foods are ___. ■ a) always grains like wheat and corn KAUAI ■ b) the foods a people group eats most NIIHAU c) hard-to-get delicacies OAHU MOLOKAI ■ MAUI Pacific LANAI d) none of the above Ocean KAHOOLAWE ■ HAWAII Taro is a staple in Hawaii and is also 5. What determines a people grown in other parts of the world. group’s staple foods?

28 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 AP Photos

6WK18_26-29_JB.indd 28 6/16/18 7:07 AM Plantains Hanging maize to dry

Cassava root

Corn tortillas

Grilled plantain

Mixing cassava fl our

A food staple is the Those in tropical cultures more like potatoes than give people a lot of energy. main food a people group often eat mostl y plantains. bananas.) You’ve probably eaten eats and even depends on. (Plantains are fruits that Each culture’s staple many of the world’s staple For example, native look like bananas. But they depends on the geography foods—especially ones like Hawaiians eat taro. Many don’t get sweet until they and resources God has pro- maize (corn), potatoes, soy- people in Africa rely on a turn dark brown. Fried vided. Staples are usually beans, wheat, and yams. starchy root called cassava. yellow plantains taste cheap plant foods that can But have you tried . . .

Greenland shark . . . before rotting! Jet Balloon Quiz 1. What record was set on Mount Everest this year? ■ a) fi rst man to climb 22 times . . . fermented shark? Vikings settled Iceland centuries ago. Iceland is too cold (underground bulb) watery and spongy. The Hawai- ■ b) fi rst woman to climb nine times for crops like wheat or corn. But its waters make a perfect home for 13-foot, c) fi rst woman to climb 25 times ■ poisonous Greenland sharks! Vikings cut o the sharks’ heads. They buried the ian term for wet taro is “loliloli.” And loliloli makes ■ d) a and b bodies in holes. They piled rocks on top. The sharks fermented. Meanwhile, the 2. What is NOT true of poisons leaked out. The Vikings dried the sharks. Then they sliced the meat and the Sherpa people? ate it. How do today’s Icelanders know when a shark is ready to eat? They just ■ a) They were yak herders. ■ b) They often serve as guides on have to give it a sni . They’re checking for the delicious aroma of . . . ammonia Mount Everest. and rotten cheese! To an outsider, it totally stinks! ■ c) They are usually wealthy people. ■ d) Most make around $700 each year. . . . a hairy spider? People in Cambodia haven’t always eaten fried tarantulas. They started in the 1970s. Back 3. What is taro? then, radical communist leaders led their country into ■ a) a banana-like fruit ■ b) a kind of rice terrible poverty. People were hungry. They ate anything ■ c) a kind of wheat they could catch! Today, Cambodians still like the taste ■ d) a starchy purple vegetable of fried tarantulas. And many people there are still very 4. Staple foods are ___. poor. They can make money selling fried tarantulas to A-ping tarantula, ■ a) always grains like wheat and corn tourists. The crunchy snacks cost about one dollar each. raised to fry ■ b) the foods a people group eats most ■ c) hard-to-get delicacies . . . a kangaroo burger? Many people in Australia today get a little squirmy ■ d) none of the above when they think about eating kangaroo. But the original Australians ate it all 5. What determines a people the time. Kangaroo meat is healthy. It tastes like venison or beef. Past Austra- group’s staple foods? lians especially loved  re-roasted kangaroo tail.

AP Photos Answers page 5 July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 29

6WK18_26-29_JB.indd 29 6/16/18 7:08 AM A Better Rubber Band

Manufacturers in Arkansas want to take rubber bands to the next level. They use a material called graphene. Graphene is almost see-through. Think a strand of human hair is thin? Graphene is a million times thinner. Electricity passes through graphene easily. Graphene at- oms pick up on tiny changes and movements. Graphene worn on the wrists in a rubber band could track blood pressure and heart rate. Rubber bands with graphene inside could also be added to goods in the grocery store. Is food being held at the wrong temperature? Has it been sitting around too long? Graphene bands could be pro- grammed to Graphene material change col- A rubber plant worker More shorts online feeds rubber tubes into or to show. a machine that will every day! slice it into bands.

A radiated tortoise recovers in 10,000 Madagascar. A house in Madagascar overfl ows with tor- toises. How many are crammed inside? Tortoise kids.wng.org rescuers count more than 10,000! Radiated tortoises have amazing yellow patterns on their shells. People prize them as pets—and some even eat them! The people who kept the tortoises in the house were probably going to sell them into the pet trade. Now veterinar- ians and zoo workers from around the world work together to bring the tortoises back to health. Turtles Taking radiated tortoises from the forest is illegal in Madagas- car. The species is critically endangered. 1,000 Pythons

Brian Hargrove drives slowly along a canal in Florida. He spots something that makes him pull over—an 11-foot python snake! Burmese pythons don’t belong in Florida. They eat everything—and nothing eats them. For more than a year, the state of Florida has been paying 25 hunters to catch and kill the snakes. Brian Hargrove Mr. Hargrove, their best snake catcher, collects (right) turns the 11-footer. It is the 1,000th python to be cap- in his 1,000th tured in Florida since the program started. python.

30 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 AP Photos

6WK18_30-31_Shortsx6.indd 30 6/16/18 7:15 AM An Indian ruler built the Taj Mahal for one of his wives. Saving the Taj Mahal That was more than 300 years ago. Now the Taj is turning a little green. . . and yel- low. . . and black. The Taj Mahal sits in an Indian city in a fog of pollution from car exhaust, burning trash, and cook- ing fi res. Swarms of breeding bugs leave colored patches on its beauti- ful white marble. Fixing India’s pol- lution problems will come with a big price tag. Is it worth the cost to save the historic Taj Mahal? Indian Su- preme Court judges say yes. Top: A clay coating is used to clean the surface of the Taj Ma- More shorts online hal. Above: Tourists view the famous building. every day! The Real Egg

Paige Langle opens a cabinet at the Buffalo Museum of Science in New York State. Inside, she fi nds a huge model elephant bird egg. But kids.wng.org Ms. Langle discovers something. It isn’t a model. It’s the real thing! Elephant birds are extinct. They lived in the island country of Madagascar, east of Africa. They could grow up to 10 feet tall. Peo- ple ate their eggs. Each was about the size of 150 chicken eggs. That meant eggs for breakfast . . . for the whole neighborhood!

New Helmets

The world’s oldest standing army is get- ting some new headgear. Vatican City is a tiny, independent state inside Rome, Italy. The Pope (the head of the Roman Catholic Church) rules it. The Swiss Guard has stood outside the city for more than 500 years. The soldiers are all young, Roman Catholic men from Switzerland. The guard is famous for its colorful costumes—including heavy helmets. Now the helmets will be replaced with plastic ones made with a 3-D printer. It’s not exactly Swiss Guards adjust their helmets traditional. But it’s a lot more comfortable for before a ceremony at the Vatican. standing . . . and standing . . . and standing.

AP Photos July/August 2018 • WORLDkids 31

6WK18_30-31_Shortsx6.indd 31 6/16/18 7:15 AM Are you prepared for a hurricane? A hurricane word puzzle, that is. Figure out the color clues first. Then solve the ACROSS and DOWN clues to build your ‘cane vocabulary.

1 2 3 54 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

10 11 12 13 8 9 10 11

14 15 16 12 13 14 17 15 18 16

19 20 17

18 21 22

COLORS ACROSS DOWN

Wild animal home, 2 Moisture in the air turns 1 Air rising in the storm’s eye hiding place, like a cave back into water. 3 Unusual, not even 7 Something you owe 4 Goes with chips 5 Ocean waters go into the air. To go bad, decay. Food 9 Roman numeral four 6 Storm winds push this bulge of does this. 10 But God raised him from the __. — Acts 13:30 high water. 11 Colorful bird that can talk 7 Morning moisture. It shows Moisture you can see in 13 Temperature of ocean water condensation, then the air that contributes to making a evaporation. hurricane 8 Instrument measuring air Flat, ride it on a river 14 Name for a hurricane in the pressure. Low can mean a Indian Ocean storm is coming. 17 Booming. Hurricanes grow out 12 Hurricane in the Pacific Ocean City in Acts 28:16 of __ storms. 14 Temperature of air high in the 18 Hurricanes start in this hot, clouds of a hurricane humid climate. 15 Cut quickly with scissors 16 Where hurricane winds are Not daughter 19 Middle where wind is calm 21 Winter, spring, summer, fall. strongest, not outer Hurricanes have their own __. 20 Short for you

22 Unusual, not very often

Rome den eye warm debt ya updraft clip

son raft tropical parrot cool inner surge odd

BANK rot rare thunder dead condense dew evaporate

WORD vapor season cyclone IV barometer typhoon dip

32 WORLDkids • July/August 2018 R. Bishop

6WK18_32_PT.indd 32 6/16/18 7:16 AM