On the Otter Hand
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King's Rune Stones
29 Minoru Ozawa King’s Rune Stones A Catalogue with Some Remarks Minoru OZAWA For those who are interested in Danish history the Jelling dynasty from the second half of the 10th century to 1042 has had a special meaning. The successive 6 kings, i.e. Gorm the Old (–958), Harald Bluetooth (–987), Swein Forkbeard (–1014), Harald (–1018), Canute the Great (–1035), and Hardecnut (–1042), transformed a small Danish kingdom into one of the most influential states in Northern Europe in the 11th century.1 After Gorm and Harald made steadier the foundation of the kingdom the following kings expanded their stage of activty westward to gain booty with their army. In 1013 Swein conquered England to take the crown into his hand and, after his sudden death, his son Canute reconquered the kingdom to be the king of England in 1018 and king of Norway later in 1028. At the time the Jelling dynasty reigned over three kingdoms which surrounded the North Sea.2 While it is important to reevaluate the rule of the Jelling dynasty from the viewpoint of European political history, we should remember another important activity by the Danes: raising rune stones in memory of the dead. According to Sawyer’s catalogue, the corpus consisting of 200 rune stones is left to the present days as stones themselves or drawings in early modern age in the territory of medieval 1 Concerning the basic information of the Jelling dynasty, see Thorkild Ramskou, Normannertiden 600–1060. København 1962, pp. 415–; Aksel E. Christensen, Vikingetidens Danmark paa oldhistorisk baggrund. -
The-Vikings-Teachers-Information-Pack.Pdf
Teacher’s Information Pack produced by the Learning and Visitor Services Department, Tatton Park, Knutsford, WA16 6QN. www.tattonpark.org.uk Page 1 of 26 Contents Page(s) The Age of the Vikings 3 - 5 Famous Vikings (including Ivarr the Boneless) 6 - 7 Viking Costume 8 Viking Ships 9 Viking Gods 10 - 12 Viking Food 13 - 14 Useful books and websites 15 Appendix 1 – Ivarr the Boneless Lesson Plan 16 - 17 Appendix 2 – Viking Runes 18 Appendix 3 – Colouring Sheets 19 - 20 Appendix 4 – Wordsearch 21 Page 2 of 26 Page 3 of 26 The Age of the Vikings From the eighth to the eleventh centuries, Scandinavians, mostly Danes and Norwegians, figure prominently in the history of Western Europe as raiders, conquerors, and colonists. They plundered extensively in the British Isles and France and even attacked as far south as Spain, Portugal and North Africa. In the ninth century they gained control of Orkney, Shetland and most of the Hebrides, conquered a large part of England and established bases on the Irish coast from which they launched attacks within Ireland and across the Irish Sea. Men and women from west Scandinavia emigrated to settle, not only in the parts of the British Isles that were then under Scandinavian control, but also in the Faeroes and Iceland, which had previously been uninhabited. In the last years of the tenth century they also began to colonize Greenland, and explored North America, but without establishing a permanent settlement there. The Scandinavian assault on Western Europe culminated in the early eleventh century with the Danish conquest of the English kingdom, an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later in the century, but without success. -
Pagan to Christian
FROM ODIN TO CHRIST Pagan to Christian o the Vikings living and travel- ling in a Europe that was almost entirely Christian, con- version did not come äs a single explosive event. If we think of the earlier Situation in England, where Christianity obliterated virtually all recorded knowledge of pagan thought and practice, the way in which some Norsemen remained coolly balanced between two re- ligions, examining the merits of both, and in some cases trying to get the protective benefits of both, is a fascinating study. It is presum- ably one of the results of this detachment, that even after conversion there is still this willingness among the converted to re- member and write about paganism rather than discarding it simply äs error, idolatry and devil-worship. The transition period between paganism and Christianity leaves traces in carving, literature and metalwork. Whether Vikings first started to wear a Thor's hammer round their necks because Christians wore pendant crosses and crucifixes, or whether the tradi- tion is independent of Christian influence, cannot now be determined. But certainly there was enough of a market for both for one enterprising smith to leave behind him in Denmark a single soapstone mould for the production of both cross and hammer amu- lets. Most of the surviving pendants are clearly identifiable äs either hammer or cross, but there are examples where the design of the one seems to have influenced the other, even one example where we are not sure which it was meant to be. Whether the canny Viking who wore it intended the ambiguity is not certain. -
Be a Hero! Donation Form
GET FACE TO FACE WITH VIKINGS ENTER A INTERACTIVE VIKING ENCAMPMENT CHILDRENS ACTIVITIES VIKING ARTEFACTS YOUR DONATION WILL Be a Hero! HELP MAKE IT HAPPEN Help us fund our future exhibition Torquay Museum in conjunction with The Jorvick Group would like to bring the age of the heroic Viking warrior to Torbay for the summer of 2017! We are passionate about VIKING HEROES: CONQUERORS, EXPLORERS, FOUNDERS, KINGS creating fantastic exhibitions that showcases some of the real-life hero ‘celebrities’ of the Viking inspire and engage our visitors. world, including Eric Bloodaxe – last Viking King of York, King Cnut the Great, Harald Bluetooth – Christian and King, and Harald Hardrada – the thunderbolt of the North. At the exhibition visitors will explore how Vikings were both celebrated and commemorated and view the archaeological evidence that chronicles their exceptional encounters. As you delve in the world of Viking myth and legend the Viking gods Thor and Odin will reveal their unique story… Your donation will help to: Ensure we put on the best possible exhibition VIKING HEROES also incorporates themed Viking encampment Create trails, interactive exhibits & children’s area, using saga telling, games and crafting activities to encourage all ages to find out more, as well as presenting educational materials to bring the world of the tales of Noggin the Nog, designed to appeal to visitors old Vikings to life. and new. Promote Viking themed events Your donation however large or small donation will Buy display cases for valuable and rarely help make this exhibition possible seen exhibits. CONQUERERS EXPLORERS FOUNDERS KINGS WARRIORS 529 BABBACOMBE ROAD, TORQUAY, DEVON. -
The Nordic Cross Flag: Crusade and Conquest April 22, 2020 Show Transcript
Season 1, Episode 5: The Nordic Cross Flag: Crusade and Conquest April 22, 2020 Show Transcript Welcome back to another episode of Why the Flag?, the show that explores the stories behind the flags, and how these symbols impact our world, our histories, and ourselves. I’m Simon Mullin. On the last episode, we discussed the Y Ddraig Goch – the red dragon flag of Wales – and the deep historical and mythological origins of the red dragon on a green and white ground. We traveled back nearly 2,000 years to the Roman conquest of Britannia and the introduction of the dragon standard to the British Isles by the Iranian-Eastern European Sarmatian cavalry stationed at Hadrian’s Wall. We explored how the dragon was adopted by the Roman army as a standard, and after their withdrawal from Britannia, its mythological rise as the symbol of Uther Pendragon and King Arthur, and then its resurrection by Henry VII – whose 15th Century battle standard closely resembles the flag of Wales we see today. National mythology plays a significant role in shaping our identities and how we see ourselves as a community and as a people. And, as we found in episode 4, these mythologies are instrumental in shaping how we design and emotionally connect to our national flags. We’re going to continue this theme about the cross-section of history, mythology, and national identity on the episode today as we discuss the rise of the Nordic Cross, a symbol that shapes the flags of all eight Nordic and Scandinavian countries today, and rules over nearly 28 million citizens speaking 15 distinct languages. -
Download a Pdf File of This Issue for Free
Issue 63: How the Vikings Took up the Faith Conversion of the Vikings: Did You Know? Fascinating and little-known facts about the Vikings and their times. What's a Viking? To the Franks, they were Northmen or Danes (no matter if they were from Denmark or not). The English called them Danes and heathens. To the Irish, they were pagans. Eastern Europe called them the Rus. But the Norse term is the one that stuck: Vikings. The name probably came from the Norse word vik, meaning "bay" or "creek," or from the Vik area, the body of water now called Skagerrak, which sits between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. In any case, it probably first referred only to the raiders (víkingr means pirate) and was later applied to Scandinavians as a whole between the time of the Lindesfarne raid (793) and the Battle of Hastings (1066). Thank the gods it's Frigg's day. Though Vikings have a reputation for hit-and-run raiding, Vikings actually settled down and influenced European culture long after the fires of invasion burned out. For example, many English words have roots in Scandinavian speech: take, window, husband, sky, anger, low, scant, loose, ugly, wrong, happy, thrive, ill, die, beer, anchor. … The most acute example is our days of the week. Originally the Romans named days for the seven most important celestial bodies (sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn). The Anglo-Saxons inserted the names of some Norse deities, by which we now name Tuesday through Friday: the war god Tiw (Old English for Tyr), Wodin (Odin), Thor, and fertility goddess Frigg. -
Vikings in Britain: AD793—AD1066 the Vikings Were Pagans from Denmark, Norway and Sweden Who Spoke Old Norse
Vikings in Britain: AD793—AD1066 The Vikings were pagans from Denmark, Norway and Sweden who spoke Old Norse. They were mainly farmers and skilled cra workers. They sailed in longships to trade with Europe, Russia and even Asia, exchanging furs, ivory, amber and slaves for luxury goods such as gold, silver, wine and glassware. With few natural resources in their homelands many Vikings migrated to sele in Britain, Iceland and Greenland and even Newfoundland. Viking raids began on the coasts of Britain and Ireland during the late 8th century including Lindisfarne in AD793. Danish Vikings began seling in eastern England and then moved west, invading Wessex in AD878. King Alfred of Wessex managed to defeat them in bale and England became divided in two with the Viking kingdom known as the Danelaw in the north and west of England. The most famous Danish king was King Cnut or Canute (le) (1016‐1035). During his reign and that of his son Harthacnut, Denmark, England and, for a while, Norway were polically united. The Vikings in Britain and Ireland established major towns at York (Jorvik) and Dublin. They issued coinage and became major trading centres. People lived in longhouses, these were made out of wood or stone with a thatched or turf roof and a central hearth. Beds and benches lined the walls with furs and skins for warmth. Vikings were skilled in making wooden objects, the bowls (below) have been turned on a lathe. At the top of Viking society was the king, under him came the nobles or jarls. Then there were the karls, the ordinary farmers and cra people and below them the thralls or slaves. -
King Harald Bluetooth the Techie Viking (Not Really, but Sort Of)
King Harald Bluetooth The Techie Viking (Not really, but sort of) By Intel Free Press via Wikimedia Commons Here’s a fun fact: the technology known as Bluetooth was named after a Viking king named Harald Bluetooth. King Harald’s real last name was Gormsson for he was Gorm’s son and a lot of Viking last names were like that. It was also pretty common for Vikings to give their rulers interesting nicknames that described something about that person, such as Ragnar Shaggy-Breeches, Bjorn Ironside, Ivar the Boneless, and Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye. In Harald’s case, one of his front teeth was rotten and looked blue—hence the nickname Bluetooth. King Harald was a pivotal character in Scandinavian and Viking history. He ruled at the tail end of the Viking age, from about 958CE–986CE. The Viking age lasted for about 300 years, from around 800CE—1050CE and was a time when Vikings were at their peak in terms of worldwide exploration and terrorizing Europe. Vikings invaded many areas of Europe, killing, robbing, killing, burning villages, destroying churches, killing more people, and taking Europeans as slaves. They were fierce warriors and famously merciless. 1 © 2018 Reading Is Fundamental • Content created by Simone Ribke King Harald Bluetooth Interestingly, the Vikings weren’t a unified people, nor were they very good at working together. The Vikings were mostly made up of various warring tribes who attacked each other at least as often as they attacked non-Viking Europeans. Most Vikings lived in a region called Scandinavia, which, today, refers to the countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. -
Representations of English History in Icelandic Kings‟ Saga: Haraldssaga Hardrada and Knytlinga Saga
REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA A Master‟s Thesis By DENĠZ CEM GÜLEN Department of History Ġhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara August 2015 REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of Ġhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by DENĠZ CEM GÜLEN In Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY ĠHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSTY ANKARA August 2015 Abstract REPRESENTATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY IN ICELANDIC KINGS‟ SAGA: HARALDSSAGA HARDRADA AND KNYTLINGA SAGA Gülen, Deniz Cem Gülen MA, Department of History Supervisor: Assistant Professor Dr. David Thornton August, 2015 The Icelandic sagas are one of the most important historical sources for Viking studies. Although there are many different types of saga, only the kings‟ sagas and family sagas are generally considered historically accurate to some extent. Unfortunately, because they were composed centuries after the Viking age, even these sagas contain a number of historical inaccuracies. In this research, I will try to discuss this problem by focusing on the Heimskringla version of King Harald‟s saga and the Knýtlinga saga, and how English history is represented in them. After discussing the nature of the sagas and the problems of the Icelandic sources, I will consider the saga accounts of certain events that occurred in England during the reigns of Harald Hardrada and Cnut the Great. In order to show the possible mistakes in these sagas, primary sources from outside of Scandinavia and Iceland, notably the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, as well as modern studies, will be used to assess these possible errors in the Heimskringla and Knýtlinga saga. -
Project Fairhair
Project FairHair – A GLOBAL GEOINFORMATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT Japanese proverb: “Vision without action is a daydream, action without vision is a nightmare” Illustration: © Colorado University. Surface Elevation on the 10242 Spherical Geodesic Grid Lars From BlueTooth to FairHair BLUETOOTH FAIRHAIR wireless technology standard for exchanging geodata exchange standard using Discrete Global data over short distances. Grid Systems Named after King Harald Bluetooth, the king who ruled Named after King Harald Fairhair (Old Norse: Haraldr over all tribes in Denmark from the year 958 and then Hárfagri), the king who united Norway from the year 872. managed to conquer parts of Norway, making all the different tribes communicate and unite. The unification of Norway by Harald Fairhair begins with a marriage proposal that resulted in rejection from Gyda. As Jim Kardach developed the technology and managed Whom refused to marry him "before he was king over all of to enable different kinds of devices to communicate Norway". Harald hence took a vow not to cut nor comb his wirelessly, he called it Bluetooth, because hair until Norway was united. His realm included part of the technology and King Bluetooth had the same Sweden, Scottish and Danish Islands. The project is called purpose — unity and communication among different Fairhair, because the technology to be developed and King groups. Fairhair share the same goal – connecting island and seas. The Bluetooth logo is the combination of “H” and “B,” The Fairhair logo is “H” and “H,” the initials -
Norsemen of the Lakes Newsletter Feb. 2021
February 2021 Walworth County, WI Greetings, Norsemen, I’m so happy to be here in Arizona. I’ve been watch- ing the weather in the north country and thanking my lucky stars to be here where the weather has been in the 70s. In fact, one day last week we hit 83. Whew! Another thing I’m pleased about is the roll out of the vaccine. I know it has Gratulare Med Dagen been frustrating for many individuals, but please be patient and we will all get one eventually. I’m hoping many of you have already received one. I really feel February Birthdays that when spring comes, we will be able to get together again and resume cele- bration of our Nordic heritage. Bill Kaul 18th Many of you may remember a past member, Erling Hansen, who returned to King Harald V 21st Corlene Bartels 21st Norway some years ago. The great news is that he has returned. Welcome Erling Hansen 25th back Erling. He is living in Rochester, MN, as I understand it, but has become a member of Norsemen of the Lakes. Again, if anyone needs anything, please be sure to contact me, and we will help wherever we can. Corlene This month, on February 6, we celebrate National Sámi Day. For the indigenous people of the Sápmi region, which spans the northern- INSIDE THIS ISSUE most parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, storytelling through Greetings ........................ 1 song has been part of their culture for centuries. Nat’l Sámi Day ............... 1 How much do you know about joik? Joik, the music of the Sámi, is a Book review ................... -
Ragnar Lothbrok and the Semi-Legendary History of Denmark
RAGNAR LOTHBROK AND THE SEMI-LEGENDARY HISTORY OF DENMARK Senior Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Undergraduate Program in the Department of History William Kapelle, Advisor In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts by RYAN HALL KACANI MAY 2015 Copyright by Ryan H. Kacani Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor William Kapelle for advising me on this thesis, as well as Professors Gregory Freeze and Charles McClendon for serving on my defense committee. I would like to thank Nicholas Galinski for providing valuable eyes in the final stages of editing. And above all I would like to thank Rita, without whom this never would have been completed, and who not only guided me through this project, but guides me through life itself. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter One: The History of Denmark and 5 Sweden to the Battle of Brávellir (c. 500-c. 750) Chapter Two: Expansion and the House of 22 Godfred in the Ninth Century (c. 750-867) Chapter Three: The Story of the Legendary 45 Ragnar Lothbrok Chapter Four: Reginheri and Other 64 Historical Ragnar Models Chapter Five: The Sons of Reginheri and 81 Lothbroka Conclusions 114 Appendix: Maps, Genealogies, and 117 Timelines Bibliography 129 INTRODUCTION From the late eighth to the late eleventh centuries, nearly the entirety of Europe was held at the mercy of Scandinavian raiders. These Viking warriors took countless riches from the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian France, and, when plunder was not plentiful, extorted thousands of pounds of silver from the regions’ rulers.