Infection Control for Instruments
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Metagenomic Analysis Indicates That Stressors Induce Production of Herpes-Like Viruses in the Coral Porites Compressa
Metagenomic analysis indicates that stressors induce production of herpes-like viruses in the coral Porites compressa Rebecca L. Vega Thurbera,b,1, Katie L. Barotta, Dana Halla, Hong Liua, Beltran Rodriguez-Muellera, Christelle Desnuesa,c, Robert A. Edwardsa,d,e,f, Matthew Haynesa, Florent E. Anglya, Linda Wegleya, and Forest L. Rohwera,e aDepartment of Biology, dComputational Sciences Research Center, and eCenter for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 North East 151st, North Miami, FL 33181; cUnite´des Rickettsies, Unite Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6020. Faculte´deMe´ decine de la Timone, 13385 Marseille, France; and fMathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 Communicated by Baruch S. Blumberg, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, September 11, 2008 (received for review April 25, 2008) During the last several decades corals have been in decline and at least established, an increase in viral particles within dinoflagellates has one-third of all coral species are now threatened with extinction. been hypothesized to be responsible for symbiont loss during Coral disease has been a major contributor to this threat, but little is bleaching (25–27). VLPs also have been identified visually on known about the responsible pathogens. To date most research has several species of scleractinian corals, specifically: Acropora muri- focused on bacterial and fungal diseases; however, viruses may also cata, Porites lobata, Porites lutea, and Porites australiensis (28). Based be important for coral health. Using a combination of empirical viral on morphological characteristics, these VLPs belong to several viral metagenomics and real-time PCR, we show that Porites compressa families including: tailed phages, large filamentous, and small corals contain a suite of eukaryotic viruses, many related to the (30–80 nm) to large (Ͼ100 nm) polyhedral viruses (29). -
Lecture Three Systems Systems
Complex Complex Sociotechnical Press... Sociotechnical Lecture Three Systems Systems Stories of Complex Sociotechnical Systems: Measuring Measuring Measurement, Mechanisms, and Meaning Happiness Happiness Some motivation Some motivation Measuring emotional Measuring emotional Lipari Summer School, Summer, 2012 content content Data sets Data sets Analysis I “Social Scientists wade into the Tweet Analysis Songs Songs Prof. Peter Dodds Blogs stream” by Greg Miller, Blogs Tweets Science, 333, 1814–1815, 2011 [15] Tweets Positivity Bias Positivity Bias Department of Mathematics & Statistics | Center for Complex Systems | “Does a Nation’s Mood Lurk in Its Songs and Vermont Advanced Computing Center | University of Vermont References I References Blogs?” by Benedict Carey New York Times, August 2009. () I More here: http://www.uvm.edu/∼pdodds/research/ () Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. 1 of 83 4 of 83 Complex Complex Outline Sociotechnical Happiness: Sociotechnical Systems Systems Measuring Measuring Measuring Happiness Happiness Happiness Some motivation Some motivation Some motivation Measuring emotional Measuring emotional content content Measuring emotional content Data sets Data sets Data sets Analysis Analysis Songs Songs Blogs Blogs Tweets Tweets Analysis Positivity Bias Positivity Bias Songs References References Blogs Tweets Bentham: Jefferson: Positivity Bias Socrates et al.: hedonistic . the pursuit of eudaimonia [8] calculus happiness References 2 of 83 6 of 83 Complex Complex -
(Sporanox Capsules) 280-A
PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CRITERIA BRAND NAME (generic) SPORANOX ORAL CAPSULES (itraconazole) Status: CVS Caremark Criteria Type: Initial Prior Authorization Policy FDA-APPROVED INDICATIONS Sporanox (itraconazole) Capsules are indicated for the treatment of the following fungal infections in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients: 1. Blastomycosis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary 2. Histoplasmosis, including chronic cavitary pulmonary disease and disseminated, non-meningeal histoplasmosis, and 3. Aspergillosis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary, in patients who are intolerant of or who are refractory to amphotericin B therapy. Specimens for fungal cultures and other relevant laboratory studies (wet mount, histopathology, serology) should be obtained before therapy to isolate and identify causative organisms. Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known; however, once these results become available, antiinfective therapy should be adjusted accordingly. Sporanox Capsules are also indicated for the treatment of the following fungal infections in non-immunocompromised patients: 1. Onychomycosis of the toenail, with or without fingernail involvement, due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium), and 2. Onychomycosis of the fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium). Prior to initiating treatment, appropriate nail specimens for laboratory testing (KOH preparation, fungal culture, or nail biopsy) should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Compendial Uses Coccidioidomycosis2,3 -
On the Biological Success of Viruses
MI67CH25-Turner ARI 19 June 2013 8:14 V I E E W R S Review in Advance first posted online on June 28, 2013. (Changes may still occur before final publication E online and in print.) I N C N A D V A On the Biological Success of Viruses Brian R. Wasik and Paul E. Turner Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2013. 67:519–41 Keywords The Annual Review of Microbiology is online at adaptation, biodiversity, environmental change, evolvability, extinction, micro.annualreviews.org robustness This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-090110-102833 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Are viruses more biologically successful than cellular life? Here we exam- All rights reserved ine many ways of gauging biological success, including numerical abun- dance, environmental tolerance, type biodiversity, reproductive potential, and widespread impact on other organisms. We especially focus on suc- cessful ability to evolutionarily adapt in the face of environmental change. Viruses are often challenged by dynamic environments, such as host immune function and evolved resistance as well as abiotic fluctuations in temperature, moisture, and other stressors that reduce virion stability. Despite these chal- lenges, our experimental evolution studies show that viruses can often readily adapt, and novel virus emergence in humans and other hosts is increasingly problematic. We additionally consider whether viruses are advantaged in evolvability—the capacity to evolve—and in avoidance of extinction. On the basis of these different ways of gauging biological success, we conclude that viruses are the most successful inhabitants of the biosphere. -
June 2020 Volume 87 / Number 6
JUNE 2020 VOLUME 87 / NUMBER 6 President Kevin Maher Publisher Frank Alkyer Editor Bobby Reed Reviews Editor Dave Cantor Contributing Editor Ed Enright Creative Director ŽanetaÎuntová Design Assistant Will Dutton Assistant to the Publisher Sue Mahal Bookkeeper Evelyn Oakes ADVERTISING SALES Record Companies & Schools Jennifer Ruban-Gentile Vice President of Sales 630-359-9345 [email protected] Musical Instruments & East Coast Schools Ritche Deraney Vice President of Sales 201-445-6260 [email protected] Advertising Sales Associate Grace Blackford 630-359-9358 [email protected] OFFICES 102 N. Haven Road, Elmhurst, IL 60126–2970 630-941-2030 / Fax: 630-941-3210 http://downbeat.com [email protected] CUSTOMER SERVICE 877-904-5299 / [email protected] CONTRIBUTORS Senior Contributors: Michael Bourne, Aaron Cohen, Howard Mandel, John McDonough Atlanta: Jon Ross; Boston: Fred Bouchard, Frank-John Hadley; Chicago: Alain Drouot, Michael Jackson, Jeff Johnson, Peter Margasak, Bill Meyer, Paul Natkin, Howard Reich; Indiana: Mark Sheldon; Los Angeles: Earl Gibson, Andy Hermann, Sean J. O’Connell, Chris Walker, Josef Woodard, Scott Yanow; Michigan: John Ephland; Minneapolis: Andrea Canter; Nashville: Bob Doerschuk; New Orleans: Erika Goldring, Jennifer Odell; New York: Herb Boyd, Bill Douthart, Philip Freeman, Stephanie Jones, Matthew Kassel, Jimmy Katz, Suzanne Lorge, Phillip Lutz, Jim Macnie, Ken Micallef, Bill Milkowski, Allen Morrison, Dan Ouellette, Ted Panken, Tom Staudter, Jack Vartoogian; Philadelphia: Shaun Brady; Portland: Robert Ham; San Francisco: Yoshi Kato, Denise Sullivan; Seattle: Paul de Barros; Washington, D.C.: Willard Jenkins, John Murph, Michael Wilderman; Canada: J.D. Considine, James Hale; France: Jean Szlamowicz; Germany: Hyou Vielz; Great Britain: Andrew Jones; Portugal: José Duarte; Romania: Virgil Mihaiu; Russia: Cyril Moshkow. -
HIV Infection and AIDS
G Maartens 12 HIV infection and AIDS Clinical examination in HIV disease 306 Prevention of opportunistic infections 323 Epidemiology 308 Preventing exposure 323 Global and regional epidemics 308 Chemoprophylaxis 323 Modes of transmission 308 Immunisation 324 Virology and immunology 309 Antiretroviral therapy 324 ART complications 325 Diagnosis and investigations 310 ART in special situations 326 Diagnosing HIV infection 310 Prevention of HIV 327 Viral load and CD4 counts 311 Clinical manifestations of HIV 311 Presenting problems in HIV infection 312 Lymphadenopathy 313 Weight loss 313 Fever 313 Mucocutaneous disease 314 Gastrointestinal disease 316 Hepatobiliary disease 317 Respiratory disease 318 Nervous system and eye disease 319 Rheumatological disease 321 Haematological abnormalities 322 Renal disease 322 Cardiac disease 322 HIV-related cancers 322 306 • HIV INFECTION AND AIDS Clinical examination in HIV disease 2 Oropharynx 34Neck Eyes Mucous membranes Lymph node enlargement Retina Tuberculosis Toxoplasmosis Lymphoma HIV retinopathy Kaposi’s sarcoma Progressive outer retinal Persistent generalised necrosis lymphadenopathy Parotidomegaly Oropharyngeal candidiasis Cytomegalovirus retinitis Cervical lymphadenopathy 3 Oral hairy leucoplakia 5 Central nervous system Herpes simplex Higher mental function Aphthous ulcers 4 HIV dementia Kaposi’s sarcoma Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy Teeth Focal signs 5 Toxoplasmosis Primary CNS lymphoma Neck stiffness Cryptococcal meningitis 2 Tuberculous meningitis Pneumococcal meningitis 6 -
UF Student Becomes Youngest Elected Official In
We Inform. You Decide. www.alligator.org VOLUME 115 ISSUE 12 MONDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2020 Not officially associated with the University of Florida Published by Campus Communications, Inc. of Gainesville, Florida Is it enough? UF students ask for more mental health services CWC FUNDING CRITICISMS Escoto said program directors HAVE COMPOUNDED began researching virtual counsel- AS STUDENTS EXPRESS ing alternatives, setting up technol- DISSATISFACTION WITH THE ogy and training staff to jumpstart STATE OF THE PROGRAM their tele-mental health services as soon as UF moved online. The cen- By Jack Prator ter dipped into its savings to pay Alligator Staff Writer for these unforeseen expenses. He expects that remote CWC Editor’s note: This article services are not just a temporary contains a reference to suicidal solution to the challenges of the thoughts. Students were granted pandemic. anonymity for reasons including “We’re kind of surprised that it the sensitivity of the topic and actually works,” Escoto said. “It’s their ongoing interactions with been pretty effective in a lot of the CWC. spaces. And so, there is no reason for us to go back to fully providing “U Matter, We Care” is the slo- everything in person.” gan adopted by UF’s Counseling He said he expects to see a hy- & Wellness Center. It feels like an brid option developed, when it is empty gesture to some students safe to do so in light of the pan- who have sought out the center’s demic, with the hope it provides services. better flexibility for students. Students’ experiences vary, After being on the waitlist for with accounts of long wait times, two weeks, a 19-year-old UF astro- feelings of being brushed off by physics sophomore said she saw CWC counselors and a lack of a CWC counselor for four months transparency about UF’s available before the pandemic hit. -
Bacterial and Parasitic Infection of the Liver with Sebastian Lucas
Bacterial & parasitic infections Sebastian Lucas Dept of Histopathology St Thomas’ Hospital London SE1 Post-Tx infections Hepatitis A-x EBV HBV HCV Biliary tract infections HIV disease Crypto- sporidiosis CMV Other viral infections Bacterial & Parasitic infections Liver Hepatobiliary parasites • Leishmania spp • Trypanosoma cruzi • Entamoeba histolytica Biliary tree & GB • Toxoplasma gondii • microsporidia spp • Plasmodium falciparum • Balantidium coli • Cryptosporidium spp • Strongyloides stercoralis • Ascaris • Angiostrongylus spp • Fasciola hepatica • Enterobius vermicularis • Ascaris lumbricoides • Clonorchis sinensis • Baylisascaris • Opisthorcis viverrini • Toxocara canis • Dicrocoelium • Gnathostoma spp • Capillaria hepatica • Echinococcus granulosus • Schistosoma spp • Echinococcus granulosus & multilocularis Gutierrez: ‘Diagnostic Pathology of • pentasomes Parasitic Infections’, Oxford, 2000 What is this? Both are the same parasite What is this? Both are the same parasite Echinococcus multilocularis Bacterial infections of liver and biliary tree • Chlamydia trachomatis • Gram-ve rods • Treponema pallidum • Neisseria meningitidis • Borrelia spp • Yersina pestis • Leptospira spp • Streptococcus milleri • Mycobacterium spp • Salmonella spp – tuberculosis • Burkholderia pseudomallei – avium-intracellulare • Listeria monocytogenes – leprae • Brucella spp • Bartonella spp Actinomycetes • In ‘MacSween’ 2 manifestations of a classic bacterial infection Bacteria & parasites What you need to know 3 case studies • What can happen – differential -
PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CRITERIA BRAND NAME (Generic) SPORANOX ORAL CAPSULES (Itraconazole)
PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CRITERIA BRAND NAME (generic) SPORANOX ORAL CAPSULES (itraconazole) Status: CVS Caremark Criteria Type: Initial Prior Authorization Policy FDA-APPROVED INDICATIONS Sporanox (itraconazole) Capsules are indicated for the treatment of the following fungal infections in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients: 1. Blastomycosis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary 2. Histoplasmosis, including chronic cavitary pulmonary disease and disseminated, non-meningeal histoplasmosis, and 3. Aspergillosis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary, in patients who are intolerant of or who are refractory to amphotericin B therapy. Specimens for fungal cultures and other relevant laboratory studies (wet mount, histopathology, serology) should be obtained before therapy to isolate and identify causative organisms. Therapy may be instituted before the results of the cultures and other laboratory studies are known; however, once these results become available, antiinfective therapy should be adjusted accordingly. Sporanox Capsules are also indicated for the treatment of the following fungal infections in non-immunocompromised patients: 1. Onychomycosis of the toenail, with or without fingernail involvement, due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium), and 2. Onychomycosis of the fingernail due to dermatophytes (tinea unguium). Prior to initiating treatment, appropriate nail specimens for laboratory testing (KOH preparation, fungal culture, or nail biopsy) should be obtained to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Compendial Uses Coccidioidomycosis2,3 -
The Complete Genome of an Endogenous Nimavirus (Nimav-1 Lva) from the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) Vannamei
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article The Complete Genome of an Endogenous Nimavirus (Nimav-1_LVa) From the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) Vannamei Weidong Bao 1,* , Kathy F. J. Tang 2 and Acacia Alcivar-Warren 3,4,* 1 Genetic Information Research Institute, 20380 Town Center Lane, Suite 240, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA 2 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China; [email protected] 3 Fundación para la Conservation de la Biodiversidad Acuática y Terrestre (FUCOBI), Quito EC1701, Ecuador 4 Environmental Genomics Inc., ONE HEALTH Epigenomics Educational Initiative, P.O. Box 196, Southborough, MA 01772, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (A.A.-W.) Received: 17 December 2019; Accepted: 9 January 2020; Published: 14 January 2020 Abstract: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the lone virus of the genus Whispovirus under the family Nimaviridae, is one of the most devastating viruses affecting the shrimp farming industry. Knowledge about this virus, in particular, its evolution history, has been limited, partly due to its large genome and the lack of other closely related free-living viruses for comparative studies. In this study, we reconstructed a full-length endogenous nimavirus consensus genome, Nimav-1_LVa (279,905 bp), in the genome sequence of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei breed Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1). This endogenous virus seemed to insert exclusively into the telomeric pentanucleotide microsatellite (TAACC/GGTTA)n. It encoded 117 putative genes, with some containing introns, such as g012 (inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP), g046 (crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, CHH), g155 (innexin), g158 (Bax inhibitor 1 like). -
Microsporidiosis in Vertebrate Companion Exotic Animals
Review Microsporidiosis in Vertebrate Companion Exotic Animals Claire Vergneau-Grosset 1,*,† and Sylvain Larrat 2,† Received: 13 October 2015; Accepted: 18 December 2015; Published: 24 December 2015 Academic Editor: Zhi-Yuan Chen 1 Zoological medicine service, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S2M2, Canada 2 Clinique Vétérinaire Benjamin Franklin, 38 rue du Danemark, ZA Porte Océane, 56400 Brech, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-450-773-8521 (ext. 16079) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Veterinarians caring for companion animals may encounter microsporidia in various host species, and diagnosis and treatment of these fungal organisms can be particularly challenging. Fourteen microsporidial species have been reported to infect humans and some of them are zoonotic; however, to date, direct zoonotic transmission is difficult to document versus transit through the digestive tract. In this context, summarizing information available about microsporidiosis of companion exotic animals is relevant due to the proximity of these animals to their owners. Diagnostic modalities and therapeutic challenges are reviewed by taxa. Further studies are needed to better assess risks associated with animal microsporidia for immunosuppressed owners and to improve detection and treatment of infected companion animals. Keywords: microsporidia; Encephalitozoon; Pleistophora; albendazole; fenbendazole 1. Introduction Microsporidia are eukaryotic organisms with the smallest known genome [1]. Microsporidia had been classified as amitochondriate due to their lack of visible mitochondria, but sequences homologous to genes coding for mitochondria have since been discovered in their genome and remnants of mitochondria have been visualized in their cytoplasm [2]; therefore, they have been reclassified as fungi based on phylogenic analysis of multiple proteins in their genome, clustering preferentially with fungal proteins [2,3]. -
JOURNAL of VIROLOGY VOLUME 57 * MARCH 1986 * NUMBER 3 Arnold J
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY VOLUME 57 * MARCH 1986 * NUMBER 3 Arnold J. Levine, Editor in Chief Michael B. A. Oldstone, Editor (1988) (1989) Scripps Clinic & Research Foundation Princeton University La Jolla, Calif. Princeton, N.J. Thomas E. Shenk, Editor (1989) David T. Denhardt, Editor (1987) Princeton University University of Western Ontario Princeton, N.J. London, Ontario, Canada Anna Marie Skalka, Editor (1989) Bernard N. Fields, Editor (1988) Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Harvard Medical School Nutley, N.J. Boston, Mass. Robert A. Weisberg, Editor (1988) Robert M. Krug, Editor (1987) National Institute of Child Health Sloan-Kettering Institute and Human Development New York, N.Y. Bethesda, Md. EDITORIAL BOARD James Alwine (1988) Hidesaburo Hanafusa (1986) Lois K. Miller (1988) Priscilla A. Schaffer (1987) David Baltimore (1987) William S. Hayward (1987) Peter Model (1986) Sondra Schlesinger (1986) Tamar Ben-Porat (1987) Roger Hendrix (1987) Bernard Moss (1986) Manfred Schubert (1988) Kenneth I. Berns (1988) Martin Hirsch (1986) Fred Murphy (1986) June R. Scott (1986) Michael Botchan (1986) John J. Holland (1987) Opendra Narayan (1988) Bart Sefton (1988) Thomas J. Braciale (1988) Ian H. Holmes (1986) Joseph R. Nevins (1988) Charles J. Sherr (1987) Joan Brugge (1988) Robert W. Honess (1986) Nancy G. Nossal (1987) Saul J. Silverstein Barrie J. Carter (1987) Nancy Hopkins (1986) Abner Notkins (1986) (1988) John M. Coffin (1986) Peter M. Howley (1987) J. Thomas Parsons (1986) Patricia G. Spear (1987) Geoffrey M. Cooper (1987) Alice S. Huang (1987) Ulf G. Pettersson (1986) Nat Sternberg (1986) Donald Court (1987) Steve Hughes (1988) Lennart Philipson (1987) Bruce Stillman (1988) Richard Courtney (1986) Tony Hunter (1986) Lewis I.