DOCSLIB.ORG

Final Armory Historic Context

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Final Armory Historic Context FINAL ARMORY HISTORIC CONTEXT ARMY NATIONAL GUARD NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU June 2008 FINAL HISTORIC CONTEXT STUDY Prepared for: Army National Guard Washington, DC Prepared by: Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc Engineers-Architects-Consultants Kansas City, Missouri And Architectural and Historical Research, LLC Kansas City, Missouri Below is the Disclaimer which accompanied the historic context when submitted to the NGB in draft form in 2005. Due to reorganization of the document prior to its finalization, the section in which Burns & McDonnell references below has been changed and is now Section II of the document, which is written in its entirety by Ms. Renee Hilton, Historical Services Division, Office of Public Affairs &Strategic Communications, National Guard Bureau. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND METHODOLOGY ........................... 1-1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 BACKGROUND............................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 SURVEY BOUNDARIES AND RESOURCES ............................................... 1-2 1.4 SURVEY OBJECTIVES................................................................................. 1-2 1.5 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 1-3 1.6 REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS.............................................................. 1-4 1.7 HISTORIC INTEGRITY ................................................................................. 1-5 1.8 HISTORIC CONTEXT ................................................................................... 1-5 2.0 A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ARMY NATIONAL GUARD................................ 2-1 2.1 COLONIAL BEGINNINGS............................................................................. 2-1 2.2 THE WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE............................................... 2-4 2.3 THE YOUNG REPUBLIC .............................................................................. 2-6 2.4 THE RISE OF THE VOLUNTEER MILITIA.................................................... 2-9 2.5 THE CIVIL WAR .......................................................................................... 2-11 2.6 RECONSTRUCTION AND THE REVIVAL OF THE MILITIA ...................... 2-13 2.7 THE SPANISH – AMERICAN WAR ............................................................ 2-16 2.8 REFORM AND THE BEGINNINGS OF FREEDOM .................................... 2-18 2.9 THE NATIONAL DEFENSE ACT OF 1916.................................................. 2-20 2.10 TROUBLE ON THE MEXICAN BORDER.................................................... 2-21 2.11 THE NATIONAL GUARD IN WORLD WAR I .............................................. 2-21 2.12 THE YEARS BETWEEN THE WARS.......................................................... 2-23 2.13 MOBILIZATION FOR WORLD WAR II ........................................................ 2-25 2.14 THE BIG WAR............................................................................................. 2-26 2.15 THE BIRTH OF THE ATOMIC AGE ............................................................ 2-28 2.16 THE KOREAN WAR.................................................................................... 2-29 2.17 THE HEIGHT OF THE COLD WAR ............................................................ 2-30 2.18 WAR IN SOUTHEAST ASIA........................................................................ 2-32 2.19 THE END OF THE DRAFT.......................................................................... 2-32 2.20 THE GUARD INTEGRATES........................................................................ 2-33 2.21 AM ENDURING AMERICAN INSTITUTION................................................ 2-35 3.0 GEOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW: STATE BY STATE HISTORY OF THE ARMY NATIONAL GUARD .............................................................................. 3-1 3.1 ALABAMA...................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 ALASKA......................................................................................................... 3-4 3.3 CALIFORNIA ................................................................................................. 3-5 3.4 KANSAS ........................................................................................................ 3-7 3.5 MASSACHUSETTS....................................................................................... 3-7 3.6 MISSISSIPPI ................................................................................................. 3-9 3.7 NEW YORK................................................................................................. 3-11 3.8 NORTH CAROLINA .................................................................................... 3-12 3.9 OKLAHOMA ................................................................................................ 3-14 3.10 PENNSYLVANIA ......................................................................................... 3-15 3.11 SOUTH CAROLINA..................................................................................... 3-16 3.12 TENNESSEE............................................................................................... 3-19 3.13 TEXAS......................................................................................................... 3-21 3.14 REGIONALISM............................................................................................ 3-23 4.0 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW OF ARMY NATIONAL GUARD ARMORIES....................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 PRE-CIVIL WAR (PRIOR TO 1861) .............................................................. 4-1 4.3 POST-CIVIL WAR ERA: 1866-1910.............................................................. 4-4 4.4 1910-1932 ................................................................................................... 4-12 4.5 NEW DEAL ERA: 1933-1942 ...................................................................... 4-17 4.6 COLD WAR ERA: 1946-1989...................................................................... 4-22 5.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................. 5-1 6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................... 6-1 APPENDIX A INVENTORY FORMS 1.0 INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND, AND METHODOLOGY 1.1 INTRODUCTION This Historic Context Study provides an overall historic look at the Army National Guard (ARNG), presents an evaluation of ARNG events that occurred within geographic areas and specific states, defines and categorizes property types and architectural styles, and discusses the work of known and significant architects who contributed to the construction of ARNG armories nationwide. In order to address these topics, the study is divided into four sections. Section I: Introduction, Background, and Methodology Section II: A Brief History of the Army National Guard Section III: Geographic Overview: Selected State History of the Army National Guard Section IV: Architectural Overview of Army National Guard Armories Section V: Bibliography Section II provides a general history of the ARNG from the Colonial Period through the present day and is excerpted from A Brief History of the Militia and National Guard (Hylton and Wright 1993). Section III presents a brief history of the ARNG in each state in which armories were visited in the field during the research and fieldwork associated with the creation of this historic context. The level of historic detail available for the study of the ARNG within each state is somewhat varied. Section IV provides an architectural overview of the armory designs prevalent throughout the history of the ARNG, and a list of architects or master craftsmen involved in the construction of the armories for each period. The term “armories,” used throughout this report, refers to facilities currently called “Readiness Centers” by the ARNG. “Armory” is used to avoid confusion for the reader, since many of the quotes provided in this context use this term. Appendix A contains individual inventory forms for those extant armories (armories currently in existence and owned by the ARNG) that were visited as part of this project. These generic forms were created by Architectural and Historical Research (AHR), LLC, for the sole purpose of this report; each ARNG state Cultural Resource Manager (CRM) and State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) was given the opportunity to review the contents of the form. 1.2 BACKGROUND Concurrent to the development of this historic context, the ARNG was currently developing a Nationwide Programmatic Agreement (PA) for armories located in all states, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the District of Columbia. The purpose of the Nationwide PA is to streamline and standardize National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 106 compliance in accordance with 36 CFR 800.14(b). The Nationwide 1-1 Army National Guard PA will cover the maintenance and treatment, rehabilitation, renovation, and mothballing of armories. Burns and McDonnell (B&McD), the prime consultant for the project, retained AHR, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri, to prepare this
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oral History Interview – 2/10/2003 Administrative Information
    Sid Davis Oral History Interview – 2/10/2003 Administrative Information Creator: Sid Davis Interviewer: Vicki Daitch Date of Interview: February 10, 2003 Place of Interview: Washington D.C. Length: 76 pages Biographical Note Davis was a journalist, a White House correspondent (1959-1968) and Washington News Bureau chief (1968-1977) for the Westinghouse Broadcasting; director (1977-1979), bureau chief (1979-1980), and vice president and bureau chief (1980-1982) for NBC News; and a senior Washington correspondent (1982-1987) and director of office programs for the Voice of America (1987-1994). In this interview, he discusses the 1960 presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy’s assassination and Lyndon B. Johnson’s swearing in, and the press coverage of the White House, among other issues. Access Open. Usage Restrictions According to the deed of gift signed on April 5, 2004, copyright of these materials has been assigned to the United States Government. Users of these materials are advised to determine the copyright status of any document from which they wish to publish. Copyright The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excesses of “fair use,” that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Resource INSTITUTION Army Public Affairs, Washin
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 299 182 SO 019 306 TITLE Bicentennial of the Constitution: A Resource Guide. INSTITUTION Army Public Affairs, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 88 NOTE 168p.; Appendixes contain some marginally legible material. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) Guides - Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Constitutional History; Legislators; *Program Content; Resource Units; Songs; United States History IDENTIFIERS Army; Art Reproductions; *Bicentennial; Eighteenth Century; Military Curriculum Materials; Military History; *United States Constitution; Washington (George) ABSTRACT This guide contains resources gathered by the Department of the Army to celebrate the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution. Within the document, there are brief historical facts about: (1) the Constitutional Convention; (2) the early years of the Constitutional government; and (3) the U.S. Army of the 1780s and 1790s. There are also condensed versions of 23 soldier/statesmen pamphlets, five speeches on the U.S. Constitution, and statements and quotations on civilian control, national security, and George Washington. The appendices contain: (1) the complete text of the U.S. Constitution and its amendments; (2) popular 18th century songs with music and lyrics; (3) an ARNEWS artwork supplement of artwork and drawings; (4) a chronology of events from 1783 to 1803; and (5) a 10-page list of resources for teaching about the U.S. Constitution. (DJC) XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. X XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 11'04P:roll."'"fr!!:1,7 .. ... Rohr.. Lsmnm..
    [Show full text]
  • Defense Primer: Reserve Forces
    Updated January 28, 2021 Defense Primer: Reserve Forces The term reserve component (RC) refers collectively to the passes from the governor of the affected units and seven individual reserve components of the Armed Forces. personnel to the President of the United States. Congress exercises authority over the reserve components under its constitutional authority “to raise and support Reserve Categories Armies,” “to provide and maintain a Navy,” and “to All reservists, whether they are in the Reserves or the provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the National Guard, are assigned to one of three major reserve Militia.... ” (Article I, Section 8) categories: the Ready Reserve, the Standby Reserve, or the Retired Reserve. There are seven reserve components: Ready Reserve Army National Guard The Ready Reserve is the primary manpower pool of the reserve components. Members of the Ready Reserve will Army Reserve usually be called to active duty before members of the Standby Reserve or the Retired Reserve. The Ready Navy Reserve Reserve is made up of three subcomponents: Marine Corps Reserve The Selected Reserve contains those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated as “so Air National Guard essential to initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves.” (DOD Instruction Air Force Reserve 1215.06.) Members of the Selected Reserve are generally required to perform one weekend of training Coast Guard Reserve each month and two weeks of training each year, although some may train more than this. When The purpose of these seven reserve components, as codified reservists are activated, they most frequently come from in law, is to “provide trained units and qualified persons this category.
    [Show full text]
  • THE JFK ASSASSINATION CHRONOLOGY Compiled by Ira David Wood III
    THE JFK ASSASSINATION CHRONOLOGY Compiled by Ira David Wood III The following is a copyrighted excerpt of THE JFK ASSASSINATION CHRONOLOGY compiled by Ira David Wood III dealing with timelines and events surrounding the period of JFK’s presidency. In some instances, sources are noted - i.e. “AQOC” -an abreviation for the book, A Question Of Character. Mr. Wood is currently attempting to list all sources in anticipation of publication. January 19, 1961 Eisenhower and JFK meet at the White House for a final briefing. Eisenhower tells JFK that he must assume responsibility for the overthrow of Fidel Castro and his dangerous government, and recommends the acceleration of the proposed Cuban invasion. Says Eisenhower: “ . we cannot let the present government there go on.” AQOC Eight inches of snow falls in Washington, D.C. tonight. Traffic is snarled all over the city. After a reception, a party, and a concert at Constitution Hall, the Kennedys attend a star-studded gala at the National Guard Armory planned by Frank Sinatra. Boxes cost ten thousand dollars apiece, while individual seats go for one hundred dollars. JFK gets to bed about 4:00 A.M. AQOC January 20, 1961 JFK is sworn in as the nation’s 35th President JFK is sworn in by Chief Justice Earl Warren. JFK is the wealthiest president in American history. His private income, before taxes, is estimated at about five hundred thousand a year. On his forty-fifth birthday, his personal fortune goes up an estimated $2.5 million, in 1962, when he receives another fourth of his share in three trust funds established by his father for his children.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Year Capital Plan 06012020 Ver 2.Xlsx
    Five-Year Capital Budget Plan--DA 418A Division of the Budget Agency Name: ADJUTANT GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT State of Kansas Estimated Subsequent Project Title Project Cost Prior Years FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 FY 2026 Years 1 Armory Bond Debt Service 2021$ 266,725 $ 266,725 2 Rehab and Repair 2021$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 3 Deferred Maintenance 2021$ 3,578,859 $ 3,578,859 4 Energy Resilience$ 1,562,800 $ 1,562,800 5 KDEM & SEOC Design $ 34,987,087 $ 2,266,435 6 Ft. Leavenworth Readiness Center Construction $ 28,022,000 $ 16,813,200 7 Ft. Leavenworth MTC Barracks Construction$ 19,000,000 $ 9,000,000 $ 34,488,019 8 Armory Bond Debt Service 2022$ 268,725 $ 268,725 9 Rehab and Repair 2022$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 10 Deferred Maintenance 2022$ 3,704,119 $ 3,704,119 11 JFHQ Construction$ 16,500,000 $ 5,000,000 Total$ 9,972,844 12 Armory Bond Debt Service 2023$ 265,055 $ 265,055 13 Rehab and Repair 2023$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 14 Deferred Maintenance 2023$ 3,833,764 $ 3,833,764 15 JFHQ Construction$ 16,500,000 $ 5,000,000 16 KDEM & SEOC Construction $ 34,987,087 $ 17,996,359 Total$ 28,095,178 17 Armory Bond Debt Service 2024$ 301,433 $ 301,433 18 Rehab and Repair 2024$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 19 Deferred Maintenance 2024$ 3,967,946 $ 3,967,946 20 JFHQ Construction$ 16,500,000 $ 5,000,000 21 KDEM & SEOC Construction $ 34,987,087 $ 14,724,293 Total$ 24,993,672 22 Armory Bond Debt Service 2025$ 256,325 $ 256,325 23 Rehab and Repair 2025$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 24 Deferred Maintenance 2025$ 4,106,824 $ 4,106,824 Total$ 5,363,149 25 Armory Bond Debt Service 2026$ 251,150 $ 251,150 26 Rehab and Repair 2026$ 1,000,000 $ 1,000,000 27 Deferred Maintenance 2026$ 4,250,563 $ 4,250,563 Total$ 5,501,713 Total$ 108,414,575 Requirement Explanation 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States Atomic Army, 1956-1960 Dissertation
    INTIMIDATING THE WORLD: THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ARMY, 1956-1960 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul C. Jussel, B.A., M.M.A.S., M.S.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2004 Dissertation Committee Approved by Professor Allan R. Millett, Advisor Professor John R. Guilmartin __________________ Professor William R. Childs Advisor Department of History ABSTRACT The atomic bomb created a new military dynamic for the world in 1945. The bomb, if used properly, could replace the artillery fires and air-delivered bombs used to defeat the concentrated force of an enemy. The weapon provided the U.S. with an unparalleled advantage over the rest of the world, until the Soviet Union developed its own bomb by 1949 and symmetry in warfare returned. Soon, theories of warfare changed to reflect the belief that the best way to avoid the effects of the bomb was through dispersion of forces. Eventually, the American Army reorganized its divisions from the traditional three-unit organization to a new five-unit organization, dubbed pentomic by its Chief of Staff, General Maxwell D. Taylor. While atomic weapons certainly had an effect on Taylor’s reasoning to adopt the pentomic organization, the idea was not new in 1956; the Army hierarchy had been wrestling with restructuring since the end of World War II. Though the Korean War derailed the Army’s plans for the early fifties, it returned to the forefront under the Eisenhower Administration. The driving force behind reorganization in 1952 was not ii only the reoriented and reduced defense budget, but also the Army’s inroads to the atomic club, formerly the domain of only the Air Force and the Navy.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Defense Office of the Secretary
    Monday, May 16, 2005 Part LXII Department of Defense Office of the Secretary Base Closures and Realignments (BRAC); Notice VerDate jul<14>2003 10:07 May 13, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\16MYN2.SGM 16MYN2 28030 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 93 / Monday, May 16, 2005 / Notices DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Headquarters U.S. Army Forces Budget/Funding, Contracting, Command (FORSCOM), and the Cataloging, Requisition Processing, Office of the Secretary Headquarters U.S. Army Reserve Customer Services, Item Management, Command (USARC) to Pope Air Force Stock Control, Weapon System Base Closures and Realignments Base, NC. Relocate the Headquarters 3rd Secondary Item Support, Requirements (BRAC) U.S. Army to Shaw Air Force Base, SC. Determination, Integrated Materiel AGENCY: Department of Defense. Relocate the Installation Management Management Technical Support ACTION: Notice of Recommended Base Agency Southeastern Region Inventory Control Point functions for Closures and Realignments. Headquarters and the U.S. Army Consumable Items to Defense Supply Network Enterprise Technology Center Columbus, OH, and reestablish SUMMARY: The Secretary of Defense is Command (NETCOM) Southeastern them as Defense Logistics Agency authorized to recommend military Region Headquarters to Fort Eustis, VA. Inventory Control Point functions; installations inside the United States for Relocate the Army Contracting Agency relocate the procurement management closure and realignment in accordance Southern Region Headquarters to Fort and related support functions for Depot with Section 2914(a) of the Defense Base Sam Houston. Level Reparables to Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, and designate them as Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, as Operational Army (IGPBS) amended (Pub.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Twentieth Century Architecture in Alaska Historic Context (1945-1968)
    Mid-Twentieth Century Architecture in Alaska Historic Context (1945-1968) Prepared by Amy Ramirez . Jeanne Lambin . Robert L. Meinhardt . and Casey Woster 2016 The Cultural Resource Programs of the National Park Service have responsibilities that include stewardship of historic buildings, museum collections, archeological sites, cultural landscapes, oral and written histories, and ethnographic resources. The material is based upon work assisted by funding from the National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior. Printed 2018 Cover: Atwood Center, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, 2017, NPS photograph MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY ARCHITECTURE IN ALASKA HISTORIC CONTEXT (1945 – 1968) Prepared for National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office Prepared by Amy Ramirez, B.A. Jeanne Lambin, M.S. Robert L. Meinhardt, M.A. and Casey Woster, M.A. July 2016 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Historic Context as a Planning & Evaluation Tool ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History Arkansas National Guard Museum
    From the Adjutant General It is my pleasure to present the Arkansas National Guard’s annual report for fiscal year MISSION Arkansas National 2008. The Military Department of Ar- Guard Museum It has been a tremendous year in our history, with 3,200 Soldiers leading the way for our kansas is a broad, community- nation as the first National Guard brigade combat team to mobilize for a second tour in based, organization with both The museum is located in his- support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. federal and state government toric Lloyd England Hall on responsibilities. Federal mis- Camp Joseph T. Robinson, sions include operations in With nearly one-third of our total force deployed overseas, we continued to meet the support of the Army and Air and acquires information and needs of the state here at home. In fact, it was a historic year in that respect, as we an- Force for peacekeeping and artifacts relating to the Arkan- swered the call for 81 state active duty missions in support of civil authorities - more than wartime missions. State mis- sas National Guard, and its we have ever faced in a single year of our history. sions primarily include disaster militia predecessor. relief and community support. The year’s success didn’t come without its challenges, but our Soldiers and Airmen The department, comprised The museum has over 6,400 stepped up and answered those challenges with an extremely high level of professional- of both Army and Air National ism. Our troops could not do it alone however. This success was made possible by the Guard elements, has service square feet devoted to over support of the Families, friends, employers and entire communities who continue to stand and economic impact in 57 1,100 artifacts, including two behind these great men and women.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 MR. MAYO: 2 We'll Be Discussing Critical Investment, Decisions 3 For
    1 MR. MAYO: 2 We'll be discussing critical investment, decisions 3 for national security, energy, transportation and for 4 our communities. We're going to be covering a lot of 5 ground. We'll be covering things that are important. 6 When you think about mixing the two economies 7 that exist side by side in our state, when you talk 8 about the economy of the wild resource way of life 9 that is commonly referred to as the subsistence way, 10 this is actually a very well-established economy in 11 our state. It is different -- differentiated from the 12 cash economy. But we acknowledge and recognize the 13 importance of both of these economies. But they each 14 must be protected. They each must be respected. 15 And the concerns that we'll talk about today 16 will range very broadly. And we're going to be 17 hearing from our different panels, the Congressional 18 Delegation, the Governor's office, the Lieutenant 19 Governor's office for the State of Alaska. 20 The Secretary of the Interior will be joining 21 us. And also we have members of our military who are 22 present with us as well, as well as the board of 23 directors for the AFN, Alaska Federation of Natives, 24 President Julie Kitka and our supporting staff. 25 16 COLONEL DON: Good morning. Thank you. I 17 want to first recognize our host for today, Secretary 18 Zinke, for hosting this event as well as our co-hosts, 19 Senators Murkowski, Sullivan and Congressman Young.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Things Are Happening Here!
    GreatGreat thingsthings areare happeninghappening here!here! LeMoyne Avenue Whiskey Rebellion Rich History Historic Neighborhoods LeMoyne House Washington Central Business David Bradford House District-Eligible Historic District Underground Railroad National Road - US 40 County Courthouse Discovery of oil Washington Hospital George Washington Hotel County Jail Maurer House Historic homes East Washington Historic District McMillan Hall Washington Armory Washington Trust Building PA Railroad Freight Station Chapter 7. A Plan for Historic Preservation Historic Preservation A Plan for 7. Chapter A Comprehensive Plan for the City of Washington and East Washington Borough This page is intentionally left blank 7-2 Historical perspective is an important part of any project that deals with the quality of life in a community. The present and the future cannot be discussed without first looking at the past for answers. In no case is this more appropriate than Washington and East Washington. One of the earliest settlements west of the Alleghenies, the community has long served as a hub for the entire County – economically, socially, and culturally. This role has reverberated through the generations and influences the City and adjoining Borough today. Its early frontier history is a large part of its identity now, and for this reason examining the ways in which the many fascinating and important pieces of history interconnect can be used to build a more successful future within the City of Washington and East Washington Borough. Historic Preservation Questions to Consider: How can historic areas be preserved? How can historic areas be improved? How can historic preservation be used as an economic development tool? A.
    [Show full text]
  • First Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Three Months) Receiving Its Colors from the Ladies of Detroit
    First Michigan – Three Months Volunteer Infantry Regiment “Thank God for Michigan!” It is confidently expected that the patriotic citizen soldiery of Michigan will promptly come forward to enlist in the cause of the Union, against which an extensive rebellion in arms exists, threatening the integrity and perpetuity of the government.1 Governor and Commander-in-Chief Austin Blair April 16, 1861 On April 12, 1861, the first guns of the Civil War were fired on Fort Sumter. On April 15, Governor Austin only three days later, Lincoln appealed to the “loyal” states for help in putting down the Blair rebellion, calling for 75,000 volunteers to serve for three months.2 Governor Austin Blair received the War Department’s telegram at his home in Jackson, advising him of Lincoln’s call to arms and informing him of Michigan’s quota: one regiment consisting of ten companies, or about 1,000 men. Governor Blair immediately left for Detroit to confer with the state’s Adjutant General, John Robertson.3 The problem: how to recruit, organize, arm, equip and train a regiment as quickly as possible. There were no funds for such an undertaking. Michigan’s treasury in 1861 was nearly depleted. Prominent business and civic leaders around the state stepped forward, pledging $80,000 in loans to get Michigan’s war effort started.4 On April 16, one day after receiving the War Department’s telegram, Governor Blair called for volunteers. The response was wildly enthusiastic, marked by a massive war Adjutant General John Robertson 1 First Michigan – Three Months Volunteer Infantry Regiment Ypsilanti Light Guard, the Marshall Light Guard and the Hardee Cadets— rendezvoused at Fort Wayne to drill and train.7 Colonel Frank W.
    [Show full text]