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SRC-Skriptum Maritime Radio Operator Certificate of Competence SHORT RANGE CERTIFICATE Nautic Academy KG Martin Kempf - www.segeln.co.at INHALT: 1. WAS IST GMDSS? ..................................................................................................4 2. FUNKANLAGEN IM GMDSS...................................................................................4 2.1. DSC-Seefunkanlagen DSC = Digital Selective Calling..................................................................................4 2.2. UKW-DSC-Seefunkanlagen.................................................................................4 3. GRUNDREGELN IM SPRECHFUNK:......................................................................8 4. KANALVERTEILUNG – CHANNEL ALLOCATION:...............................................8 5. SIMPLEX – DUPLEX:...............................................................................................9 5.1. Simplex = Wechselsprechen: .............................................................................9 5.2. Duplex = Gegensprechen: ..................................................................................9 5.3. Semiduplex: .........................................................................................................9 6. KENNZEICHNUNG DER FUNKSTELLEN:.............................................................9 6.1. Name und Rufzeichen:.........................................................................................9 6.2. MMSI (Maritime Mobile Service Identity)..........................................................9 7. KATEGORIEN (RANGREIHENFOLGE):...............................................................10 7.1. Notfall – Distress................................................................................................10 7.2. Dringlichkeit – Urgency.....................................................................................10 7.3. Sicherheit – Safety.............................................................................................10 7.4. Routine................................................................................................................10 8. DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING (DSC) OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES FOR SHIPS ON VHF............................................10 8.1. Distress...............................................................................................................10 8.2. Urgency...............................................................................................................15 8.3. Safety...................................................................................................................16 8.4. Public correspondence......................................................................................17 8.5. Testing the equipment used for distress and safety......................................19 9. NAVTEX-EMPFÄNGER..........................................................................................19 9.1. Aufbau einer NAVTEX Meldung:.......................................................................19 10. SATELLITEN-NOTFUNKBAKEN (EPIRBS).......................................................21 10.1. Die Inmarsat-E-EPIRB......................................................................................21 10.2. Die COSPAS-SARSAT-EPIRB.........................................................................21 Seite 2 11. DER 9 GHZ RADARTRANSPONDER.................................................................22 12. UKW-HANDSPRECHFUNKGERÄTE..................................................................22 13. INMARSAT-C-ANLAGEN.....................................................................................23 14. FUNKTIONEN IM GMDSS....................................................................................23 15. GMDSS-AUSRÜSTUNG.......................................................................................25 15.1. Seegebiete im GMDSS ....................................................................................25 15.2. GMDSS-Gebiete in Europa..............................................................................26 16. TECHNIK...............................................................................................................27 16.1. Bordelektrik:.....................................................................................................27 16.2. Antennen...........................................................................................................29 16.3. Reichweiten im Seefunk..................................................................................29 17. SEEFUNKZEUGNISSE........................................................................................30 18. SPECIAL UK REGULATIONS:............................................................................30 19. REGELUNGEN FÜR BOOTE UNTER ÖSTERREICHISCHER FLAGGE:.........31 20. ANHÄNGE:...........................................................................................................32 20.1. Beispiel Sendeplan Navtex Area 3.................................................................32 20.2. International VHF Marine Radio Channels and Frequencies.......................33 20.3. Abrevations – Abkürzungen:..........................................................................35 20.4. Aussprechtafel für Buchstaben......................................................................38 20.5. Some Procedure Words:.................................................................................39 20.6. Vocabulary: ......................................................................................................39 20.7. Yachtfunkdienst:..............................................................................................42 Seite 3 1. Was ist GMDSS? Das Seenot- und Sicherheits-Funksystem GMDSS [GMDSS = Global Maritime Distress and Safety System] ist bis zum 01.02.1999 weltweit eingeführt worden. Frachtschiffe ab BRZ 300 und alle Fahrgastschiffe müssen seit diesem Termin nach den SOLAS- Vorschriften der IMO ausgerüstet werden. Mann nennt diese Fahrzeuge auch (SOLAS)- Ausrüstungspflichtig. GMDSS für Segler GMDSS ist primär für die internationale Berufsschifffahrt entwickelt worden und ist für alle funkausrüstungspflichtigen Schiffe verbindlich. Insbesondere die per DSC durchzuführenden Anrufe in Not-, Dringlichkeits- und Sicherheitsfällen und der Wegfall der Hörwachenpflicht führen dazu, dass Sprechfunkanrufe, also auch Notanrufe nicht mehr gehört werden. Yachten können in fast allen Ländern nur mehr mit modernen Funkgeräten zugelassen werden. 2. Funkanlagen im GMDSS 2.1. DSC-Seefunkanlagen DSC = Digital Selective Calling Seefunkstellen (SeeFuSt = Schiffe) müssen mit DSC-Funkanlagen ausgerüstet sein. In den DSC-Controllern werden die Nachrichten in Binärzeichen umgesetzt. Zur Erhöhung der Übertragungssicherheit wird jedes Zeichen zweimal gesendet. Jede Nachricht wird außerdem um ein Prüfzeichen ergänzt. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass selbst bei stark gestörten Übertragungen nur fehlerfrei erkannte Nachrichten ausgewertet werden. 2.2. UKW-DSC-Seefunkanlagen UKW-DSC-Seefunkanlagen bestehen aus der, dem - DSC-Controller (DSC = Digital Selective Calling) (Alarmierungseinrichtung - Senden und Empfangen) und - einer Sprechfunkanlage. Seite 4 VHF - Sprechfunkgerät VHF Sprechfunkgeräte haben folgende Funktionen: BETRIEBSSCHALTER [POWER] Schaltet die Funkanlage EIN und AUS. LAUTSTÄRKEREGLER [VOL] Zur Anpassung der Lautstärke. RAUSCHSPERRENREGLER [SQL oder Squelch] Stellt den Schaltpegel der Rauschsperre ein. Der Squelchregler soll so niedrig wie möglich eingestellt werden um die Empfindlichkeit des Geräts nicht zu stark herabzusetzen. SENDELEISTUNGSTASTE [HI/LO] Schaltet zwischen hoher und niedriger Sendeleistung um. Hohe Sendeleistung ist auf einigen Kanälen nicht schaltbar. Die maximale Sendeleistung ist 25W Bei gedrückter Taste sind bei diesem Gerät die Zweitfunktionen anderer Tasten ausführbar KANALSCHALTER [CHANNEL] Mit [CHANNEL] wird der Betriebskanal gewechselt. DIMMER-TASTE [DIMMER] Schaltet zwischen verschiedenen Helligkeitsstufen um Seite 5 ANRUFKANAL-TASTE [CALL] Stellt den frei wählbaren Anrufkanal ein. 3 Sek. gedrückt halten, um in den Programmierbetrieb des Anrufkanals zu schalten. KANAL-16-TASTE [16] Stellt den Notrufkanal (16) ein. DIAL-TASTE [DIAL] Stellt den Betriebskanal ein. Hier kann ein beliebiger Kanal gespeichert sein. SUCHLAUF-TASTE [SCAN/TAG] Startet und stoppt den normalen Suchlauf. Eher sinnlose Funktion! ZWEIKANAL/DREIKANALWACHE [DUAL] Startet oder stoppt die Zweikanalwache. MIKROFON Am Mikrofon befindet sich eine Sprechtaste (PTT – Push to talk). Diese muss während man spricht gedrückt werden. Wenn diese Taste gedrückt wird wechselt das Gerät in den Sendemodus. Dann kann nicht empfangen werden. DSC Controller DSC ist ein Telex-Anrufsystem. Es dient zur Verbindungsaufnahme im GMDSS. Der gesamte DSC-Betrieb wird im UKW-Bereich auf Kanal 70 durchgeführt. Seite 6 Moderne Anlagen stellen den DSC-Anrufkanal (Kanal 70) und die Kanäle für die Verkehrsabwicklung automatisch ein. DSC-Nachrichten werden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 1200 Baud übertragen. Daraus ergibt sich eine Übertragungszeit für einen Anruf von 0,45 - 0,63 Sekunden. Überwachung der Not- und Sicherheitsfrequenzen Die Überwachung der Not- und Sicherheitsfrequenzen erfolgt im DSC-System automatisch durch Wachempfänger. Funktionstasten: NOTANRUF-TASTE 5 Sek. gedrückt halten, um einen Notanruf einzuleiten. ABBRUCH-TASTE [CLR] Drücken, um die Anrufwiederholung
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