Utjecaj Hranjiva U Iglicama Jele Na Promjenu Gustoće Populacije Jelina Moljca Igličara (Argyresthia Fundella F

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Utjecaj Hranjiva U Iglicama Jele Na Promjenu Gustoće Populacije Jelina Moljca Igličara (Argyresthia Fundella F Utjecaj hranjiva u iglicama jele na promjenu gustoće populacije jelina moljca igličara (Argyresthia fundella F. R. Tineidae, Lepidoptera) Opalički, Katarina Source / Izvornik: Glasnik za šumske pokuse:Annales pro experimentis foresticis, 1988, 24, 247 - 261 Journal article, Published version Rad u časopisu, Objavljena verzija rada (izdavačev PDF) Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:108:099352 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-28 Repository / Repozitorij: University of Zagreb Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology UDK 630*453 Struoni clanak Katarina OpaliCki UTJECAJ HRANJIVA U IGLICAMA JELE NA PROMJENU GUSTOCE POPULACIJE JELINA MOLJCA IGLICARA (ARGYRESTHIA FVNDELLA F. R. TIMEIDAE, LERIDOPTERA) THE INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONS IN FIR TREE NEEDLES TO THE CHANGE OF POPULATION DENSITY OF FIR TREE NEEDLE MOTH {ARGYRESTHIA FVNDELLA F. R. TINEIDAE, LEPIDOPTERA) Prispjelo 1. IV. 1987. Piulivaceno 9. XII. 1987. U studiji su prezentirani rezultati visegodisnjih istrazivanja fizio- loskog stanja jele i njenog utjecaja na intenzitet zaraze moljcem jelinih iglica (A fimdella F. R.). Sadrzaj hranjivih supstanca u iglicama jele odreden je folijamom analizom. Uzorci iglica uzimani su 3—4 puta u toku vegetacije. Opazanja su vr^ena na posebno odabiranim primjernim plohama u Gorskom Kotaru, (SR Hrvatska) na silikatnim i karbonat- nim tlima. Intenzitet zaraze odreden je brojenjem kokona na 1000 iglica te odreden prosjek u postotku za citav odjel. Utvrdeno je da intenzitet napada moljca ne ovisi direktno o trofickim faktorima. Masovna po- java moljca posljeddca je promjena u ekosistemu, koje su nastale utje- cajem atmosferskih prilika i antropogenih faktora. Postoji izvjesna ko- relacija izmedu postotoog sadrfaja saharoze u iglicama i intenziteta ishrane gusjenica. Opad^jem saharoze u iglicama povecava se sadrzaj suhe tvari i sadr2aj topljiT^ u^jikohidrata, §to pogoduje razvoju jelina moljca igUfara. Kolebanje ugljikohidrata i aminokiselina vremenski se poklapa o demu se detaljnije govori u ovom radu. Klju5ne lijeci: iglice obicne jele {Abies alba Mill.), jelin moljac igli- car {Argyresthia fundella F. R.), ugljikohidrati, amino'kiseline, bjelance- vine, proteini, secer, skrob, hranjiva. UVOD — INTRODUCTION Od brojne entomofaune ikoja zivi na jell {Abies alba Mill.) u Gorskom Kotaru vidno mjesto zauzima jelin moljac iglicar {A, fundella F. R. — Tineidae, Lepidoptera). Njegove se gusjenice povremeno prenamnoze, 247 Opalidki K.: Utjecaj hranjiva u Iglicama jele na promjenu gustode populacije ;elina moljca iglidara (Argyresthia jundella t. R. 2'ineiaae, Lepidoptera). Uias. Sum, pokuse 24:247—^61, Zagreb, 1988. te izazivaju parcijaini ili totalni gubitaik asimilacijs'ke povrsine, sto ne- minavno dovodi do gubitka prirasta i ostalih stetnih posljedica. O uzrocima masovne pojave stetnika pisalo se mnogo, medu kojima su posebno interesantni oni o utjecaju biokemijskih promjena u Hljci, na porast brojnosti minera i defolijatora (S c h w e n k e 1968). Nasa za- pazanja prilikom istrazivahja jelinog moljca i njegovih gradacija u mi- nulom razdoblju, navela su nas takoder na vezu sa biokemijskiin prow- sima u biljci. Take npr. veci broj miniranih iglica na osvijetljenim dije- lovinia krosnje bio je indikator da su u pitanju razlike u kemijskom sa- stavu Iglica. Ispitivanja ishranjenosti jele zapoceli smo folijamom anaiizom igli ca u odnosu na mlneralni sastav i sadrzaj biogenih elemenata, no kako nisu dobiveni signifikantni rezultati, nastavljena su istraziv^ja organ- skog sastava odnosno sadrzaja ugljikohidrata, secera (saharoze, direktno reducirajucih i ukupnih secera) i aminokiselma. Paralelno su prac^e promjene gustoce populacije jelina moljca (A. fundella F. R.), duljina pojedinih razvojnih faza, ishranjenost gusjenica, morta'litet gusjenica i dr. METODE RADA I OBJEKTI ISTRA2IVANJA — THE METHODS OF WORK AND THE SUBJECTS OF INVESTIGATION Na osnovi ranijih isfcustava u istrazivanju jelina moljca igli6ara (A. fundella F. R.) poikusne plohe izabrane su na nekoliko lokaliteta raz- licite geolo§ke podloge, tipa tla, nadmorske visine, te intenziteta na- padamoljcem. Plohe su izabrane u Gorskom Kotaru na podrucju Sumskog gospo- darstva Delnice, te S. G. Zagreb. Ploha I izabrana je, na podrucju suraa- rije Rlana Sum. predjel Pomocnjak — Suho na 1070 m/nad morem, odjel 14. u zajednici Fagetum croat. abietetosum Ht. fac. Sese/erta au- tumnalis. Tlo je smede krecnjacko, tipicno, manje duboko. Ploha II nalazi se na podrucju sumarije Fuzine gospodarska jedinica Brlosko na 870 m nad morem odjel 55. u zajednici Blechno — Abietetum Ht. Dis- triono smede tlo, ilimerizirano na pjescenjaku, srednje duboko,^ koje omogucuju povoljniji reiim vlage u tlu. Ploha III je na podrucju su marije Gerovo sum. predjel Lividraga — Krezulna odsjek Plancica, za- jednica Fagetum croat. abietetosum Ht. Smede krecnjacko zemljiste ili merizirano, manje duboko, nad morem visina 970 m. Na podiucju S. G. Zagreb izabrana je ploha na Medvednici na 900 m/n. v. u zajednici od nosno asoc. Abieti — Fagetum pannonicum prov. Pelcer. To je gorje izgradeno uglavnom od vodonepropusnih silikataih stijena, koje omogu cuju povoljniji rezim vlage u tlu. Unutar svake pokusne plohe cija je velicna 1 ha izdvojene su radne povrsine velicine jednog ara (1 ar) sa kojih su uzimani uzorci za keniij- ske analize. Intenzitet zaraze odredivan je brojem kokona na 1000 iglica i odreden prosjek u postotku za citav odjel. Sadrzaj secera u iglicama * Ova studija izradena je u okviru Projekta IV, Zadatka 1, Opdeg udruzenja Sumarstva, prerade drva i prometa papirom SRH (Zajednica iumarstva). 248 Opaliiki K.: Utjecaj braojiva u iglicama jele na promjenu- gustode populacije jellna moljca iglidara (Afgyresthia juiideila r. R. Tineitiae, Lepidoptera). uias. Sum. pokuse 24:24/—261, Zagreb, 1988. jele odredivan je jodometrijski po Sohoorleovoj metodi, 2—3 puta go- disnje (V, VII i XI mj.). Sadrzaj suhe tvari odredivan je susenjem kod 105 ®C, dok je sadrzaj secera odredivan u prirodnom zelenom" stanju iglica. Kvalitativno udesce secera -utvrdeno je kromatografljom na pa- piru. Istrazivanja ®u zapoceta u Institutu za agrodkologiju — Fakulteta poljoprivrednih znanosti, a potom nastavljena u RepuWickom zavodu za zastitu zdravlja, koji je potpimije opremljen za ova istrazivanja. Parci- jalna istraiivanja zapoCeta su 1979. a zatim prosirena tijekom 1980. i 1981. godine. REZULTATI ISTRAZIVANJA — THE RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS Sadrzaj snhe tvari — Amount of dry substance U tabeli 3. priikazan je sadrzaj suhe tvari i biogenih demenata u ®/o u iglicama jele na dva lokaliteta nakarbonatu (Klana) i silikatu (Fuzlne). Uzorci su uzimani u prvoj dekadi V a posljednjoj dekadi X rajeseca. Bitnih razlika izmedu uzoraka s ova dva lokaliteta nema Ikako u prvom tako 1 ti drugom uzimanju, u pogledu stanja suhe tvari. Jedino je utvrdena razlika s obzirom na vrijeme uzimanja uzoraka tj. u fazi prvog uzimanja uzoraka prosjecan ''/o suhe tvari je bio vedi za 8.3—9.7®/o u odnosu na drugo uzimanje uzoraka. Uzroke ovoj pojavi treba traziti u vegetacijskoj fazi i stanju iklimatskih prilika. Stanje ukupnog dusika (®/o N) — Nitrogenium in total ("/o N) Ukupni sadrzaj duSika oi iglicama jele kretao se od 1.28—1.30"/o u fazi prvog i^imanja uzoraka; u fazi drugog uzimanja uzoraka sadrzaj dusika je porastao te se kretao od 1.62—1.79"/o. Radi ilustracije navo- dimo da B a ck er-D ilin ger (cit. po Bauele-u, 1967) smatra da se optimalmi porast jele postize ako se u iglicama sadrzaj dusika kre- ce od 1.2—2.000/0 N, fosfora 0.12—1.20Vo P, kalija 0.45—1.25t'/o K. Na osnovu spomenutog moze se redi da se sadrzaj dusika kretao u optimal- nim granicama narocito u fazi drugog uzimanja uzoraka. Amonijacni i amino oblik dusika (®/o N) — Ammonium and amino nitrogenium (®/o N) AmonijaCni i amino kiselinski oblik dusika u svjezoj masi iglica jej^odredivan je po metodi Bremnera. Fostignuti rezultati analiza pokazuju da se ovaj oblik dusika kretao u vrlo malim koncentracijama. Narocito se to odnosi na prvo uzimanje uzoraka. U drugom uzimanju uzoraka ovaj oblik dusika je bio povecan u iglicama za 2—4 puta. Spo- menuto poyecanje ovog oblika dusika stoji u uskoj korelaciji s porastom ukupnog dusika i razvojnom fazom iglica, 'kilimatskim i drugim vegeta- cionim uslovima. 249 N) C/l o Tab. 1. Srednje mjesedne viijednosti Secera u i^icama jele u •/► — The medium monthlo values of sugar in nr tree needles (Abtes alba Mill.) in percentages, and ix the intensity of infection fir tree needle moth (Argyresthia fundella F. R.) § ft a Saharoza Direktno red. Uki^sni Sed. Intenzitet The intensity of Godina zaraze Sacharosis Directly reduced Total attack of A. Year moljca fundella F. R. V vn XI V VII XI V VII XI u «/• 1980. 0.05 0.202 0.14 2.61 2.430 2.84 3.01 2.673 2.92 0.3 1981. 0.15 0.06 0.20 0.90 036 0.99 1.5 1982.. 0.99 0.33 0.94 1.93 1.03 1.67 2.97 1.33 2.98 3.5 if Klana 1983. 0.43 0.51 0.30 4.37 3.64 4.50 436 4.18 4.41 2.1 1984. 2.40 0.50 0.48 2.99 2.81 1.42 3.24 3.52 1.92 5.0 Is a." 1985. 0.94 1.22 1.19 3.22 1.82 322 421 3.04 4.48 5.6 IB 2*0 1981. 0.075 0.292 0.25 0.86 0.84 0.92 0.94 1.15 1.89 2.9 1982. 1.16 0.78 0.67 1.99 1.09 2.30 321 1.89 2.95 32 ■ n 1983. 0.64 6.23 0.17 4.24 3.06 4.35 4.92 330 4.51 7.6 Gerovo 1984. 0.60 0.77 0.359 2.49 234 1.95 3.13 2.68 233 6.0 PI 1985. 0.81 0.43 1.20 4.43 2.47 2.80 531 2.86 4.07 42 1.1 1980. 0.109 2.125 2.330 02 1981.
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