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J E M S 2-2013 6-2017 Shakespeare and Early Modern Popular Culture edited by Janet Clare and Paola Pugliatti Robert Weimann’s pioneering Shakespeare und die Tradition des Volkstheaters, trans- lated into English in , cons tituted an authoritative appeal for a reconsideration of Shakespeare’s works as deeply in uenced by the medieval conventions of the pop- J OURNAL ular theatre. Peter Burke’s Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe, published in the same year and similarly recognized as a pioneering work, examined ‘the popular’ from the point of view of a social historian. But, although these two books marked a new beginning in the study of the European forms of popular culture, their respec- OF tive in uences have remained discrete: following Weimann, there has been work on E early modern English theatre as a ‘popular’ experience (where ‘popular’ is intended ARLY as ‘widely accessed and enjoyed’); while social historians responded to the theo- retical issues developed by Burke expanding his suggestions or analysing particular M contexts. e essays in this volume constitute a reconsideration of the presence of a ODERN ‘popular’ tradition in Shakespeare’s works, examining this element from a number of di erent perspectives (historical, religious, legal, sociological, etc.) belonging to the context whi produced them; but they can also be read as a contribution towards S TUDIES diminishing the distance between the historians’ readings of documents and socio- cultural contexts and the ‘close readings’ whi are the literary critic’s prerogative. is approa to the issues discussed is not simply to a nowledge the obvious fact 2-2013 that texts live ‘in history’; more signi cantly, it intends to a rm the need for a pro- ductive ex ange of values, perspectives and methods of analysis. is volume shows that su a syncretism is not only possible but also fruitful. e ‘Appendix’ presents a few writers’ and theoreticians’ general statements about the meaning of ‘popular’ followed by texts whi illustrate the cultures, beliefs and prac tices of the people in su elds as religion and spirituality, medicine, labour, resistance and revolt, vagrancy and beggary, festivities, carnival and performance. Journal of Early Modern Studies, 1, 2012 <http://www.fupress.com/bsfm-jems> Contributions [email protected] Luca Baratta, Janet .it Clare, David Cressy, Ann Kaegi, Roberta Mullini, Donatella Pallotti, Natália Pikli, Paola Pugliatti, Ciara Rawnsley, James Sharpe Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna: Collana, Riviste e Laboratorio Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Comparate Università degli Studi di Firenze via Santa Reparata 93-95, 50122 Firenze, Italy ULLÌ G <http://www.collana- lmod.uni .it> UCA 6-2017 L FIRENZE UNIVERSITY OVER PRESS ISSN 2279-7149 FUP C Universita’ degli Studi di Firenze Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Studi Interculturali Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna: Collana, Riviste e Laboratorio Volume Six A Time of Their Own. Experiencing Time and Temporality in the Early Modern World edited by Alessandro Arcangeli and Anu Korhonen firenze university press 2017 Journal of Early Modern Studies. - n. 6, 2017 ISSN 2279-7149 ISBN 978-88-6453-472-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/JEMS-2279-7149-6 Direttore Responsabile: Beatrice Töttössy Registrazione al Tribunale di Firenze: N. 5818 del 21/02/2011 CC 2015 Firenze University Press La rivista è pubblicata on-line ad accesso aperto al seguente indirizzo: www.fupress.com/bsfm-jems The products of the Publishing Committee of Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna: Collana, Riviste e Laboratorio (<http://www.lilsi.unifi.it/vp-82-laboratorio-editoriale-open-access-ricerca- formazione-e-produzione.html>) are published with financial support from the Department of Languages, Literatures and Intercultural Studies of the University of Florence, and in accordance with the agreement, dated February 10th 2009 (updated February 19th 2015), between the De- partment, the Open Access Publishing Workshop and Firenze University Press. The Workshop promotes the development of OA publishing and its application in teaching and career advice for undergraduates, graduates, and PhD students in the area of foreign languages and litera- tures, as well as providing training and planning services. The Workshop’s publishing team are responsible for the editorial workflow of all the volumes and journals published in the Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna series. JEMS employs the double-blind peer review process. For further information please visit the journal homepage (<http://www.fupress.com/bsfm-jems>). Editing and composition: Laboratorio editoriale Open Access (<[email protected]>) with Ele- na Anastasi, Claudia Giacalone, Lucia Lanzi, Francesca Salvadori, Cristina Veropalumbo. JEMS has been included by Thomson & Reuters to ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index) and accepted for indexing in ERIH PLUS (The European Reference Index for the Humani- ties and the Social Sciences). La presente opera è rilasciata nei termini della licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale, il cui testo integrale è disponibile alla pagina web: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/it/legalcode> CC 2017 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press via Cittadella, 7, 50144 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com Printed in Italy Editors Donatella Pallotti, University of Florence Paola Pugliatti, University of Florence Journal Manager Arianna Antonielli, University of Florence Advisory Board Arianna Antonielli, University of Florence Janet Clare, University of Hull Jeanne Clegg, University of Venice Ca’ Foscari Louise George Clubb, University of California, Berkeley Gabriella Del Lungo Camiciotti, University of Florence Lucia Felici, University of Florence Tina Krontiris, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki Corinne Lucas Fiorato, Sorbonne Nouvelle-Paris 3 University Adelisa Malena, University of Venice Ca’ Foscari Natascia Tonelli, University of Siena Editorial Board Arianna Antonielli, University of Florence Luca Baratta, University of Florence John Denton, University of Florence Alessandro Melis, University of Florence Donatella Pallotti, University of Florence Paola Pugliatti, University of Florence ‘Full characterd with lasting memory’ For Alessandro Serpieri, in memoriam Donatella Pallotti and Paola Pugliatti Journal of Early Modern Studies, n. 6 (2017), pp. 7-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/JEMS-2279-7149-20385 Contents Editorial 9 Alessandro Arcangeli and Anu Korhonen Part One Reading Temporalities in History Reading Time: The Act of Reading and Early Modern Time Perceptions 17 Alessandro Arcangeli Temporalities and History in the Renaissance 39 Étienne Bourdon ‘the several hours of the day had variety of employments assigned to them’: Women’s Timekeeping in Early Modern England 61 Anu Korhonen Part Two Case Studies Marking the New Year: Dated Objects and the Materiality of Time in Early Modern England 89 Sophie Cope Time Management and Autonomous Subjectivity: Catherine Talbot, Politeness, and Self-Discipline as a Practice of Freedom 113 Soile Ylivuori Killing Time: Ennui in Eighteenth-Century English Culture 133 Marjo Kaartinen ISSN 2279-7149 (online) www.fupress.com/bsfm-jems 2017 Firenze University Press 8 contents (Re)Thinking Time: Giordano Bruno and Michel de Montaigne 157 Rachel Ashcroft Time and Exemplarity 183 Anne Eriksen Appendix Time, Tempo, Tense 207 Paola Pugliatti Contributors 233 Journal of Early Modern Studies, n. 6 (2017), pp. 9-13 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13128/JEMS-2279-7149-20386 Editorial In this issue of the Journal of Early Modern Studies, we explore the different ways in which time was culturally constructed in the early modern period. How was time experienced, conceptualized and organized? What were the temporal practices that structured early modern lives, either individually or collectively? How did one measure time and acknowledge its effects on people, and what were the cultural imaginaries, sensory settings or discursive frames through which time became lived reality? Time could be experienced as an embodied aspect of human existence, but was also represented and mediated in various ways. In this journal issue, we are looking for the ways in which people managed and conceptualized both time and temporality and incorporated them into their understanding of the specific cultural context(s) in which they lived. The idea that time is culturally constructed has its own history, of course, and so has the interest in exploring its development. Peter Burke has traced these developments and suggests that the most significant turning point may have occurred around 1900, with the social theory of Émile Durkheim and his circle, later followed by the Annales historians. The basic binary opposition underlying these studies was the one between self and other, presented as a contrast between traditional and modern, between what Febvre called le temps vécu and le temps-mesuré. Time in traditional societies, according to the model used by these scholars, is qualitative, concrete, local, imprecise, or in a word, organic. Time in modern societies, on the other hand, is quantitative, abstract, uniform, and exact, as mechanical as the clocks and watches used to measure it … Traditional time is the time of experience, organized and measured by tasks, especially agricultural tasks … Modern time, by contrast, according to these scholars, was exact time, measured by the clock, a sense of time appropriate to commercial
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