74 Kualitas Pelayanan Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit

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74 Kualitas Pelayanan Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit KUALITAS PELAYANAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMU DAERAH TRIKORA SALAKAN KECAMATAN TINANGKUNG KABUPATEN BANGGAI KEPULAUAN PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH NESMITA MOLIDA JOYCE J. RARES NOVVA N. PLANGITEN [email protected] Absrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas pelayanan pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Trikora Salakan Kecamatan Tinangkung Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Semua data yang disajikan sesuai dengan data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data berdasarkan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber dianalisis dan dibuat kesimpulan. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini terletak pada kualitas pelayanan pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Trikora Salakan Kecamatan Tinangkung Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah sesuai dengan hasil penelitian terdapat pelayanan kesehatan pada tingkat sarana dan prasarana Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Trikora Salakan masih kurang memadai begitupun kehandalan, daya tangkap, jaminan dan perhatian sehingga pasien rawat jalan masih belum mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik namun tidak sedikit pasien yang menganggap bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan sudah cukup baik. Kata Kunci : Kualitas, Pelayanan, Sarana Prasarana, Kehandalan, Daya Tangkap, Jaminan, Perhatian Abstract This research aims to describe the quality of outpatient services at the Trikora Salakan Regional General Hospital, Tinangkung District, Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This type of qualitative descriptive research. All data presented are in accordance with primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques based on observation, interviews and documentation. Data obtained from various sources were analyzed and conclusions were drawn. The problem in this study lies in the quality of outpatient services at the Trikora Salakn Regional General Hospital, Tinangkung District, Banggai Islands Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Capability, assurance and attention so that outpatients still do not get good health services, but not a few patients think that the quality of services provided is good enough. Keywords: Quality, Service, Infrastructure, Reliability, Capability, Guarantee, Attention 74 PENDAHULUAN sistem kesehatan nasional (SKN) yang Persaingan dalam masyarakat usaha merupakan suatu tatanan yang menghimpun (business) tidak hanya pada segi mutu dan berbagai upaya bangsa Indonesia secara jumlah tetapi juga dalam hal layanan. terpadu dan saling mendukung guna Pelayanan dijadikan faktor penentu dalam menjamin derajat kesehatan yang persaingan yang semakin seru dengan setinggitingginya. Sesuai dengan tujuan pengenalan sistem layanan baru yang serba pembangunan nasional dalam pembukaan cepat tepat dan memuaskan. Memperhatikan Undang Undang Dasar 1945, yaitu untuk peran layanan yang semakin menonjol maka meningkatkan kecerdasan bangsa dan tidaklah heran bila masalah layanan mendapat kesejahteraan rakyat, maka setiap perhatian besar berulang kali dibicarakan, baik penyelenggaraan Sistem Kesehatan oleh masyarakat maupun manajemen itu Nasional (SKN) berdasarkan pada sendiri, baik secara khusus maupun dalam prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM). kaitannya dengan kegiatan organisasi/usaha. sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Pasal 28 Pelayanan kesehatan salah satunya H ayat (1) yang menggariskan bahwa setiap bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat hidup rakyat berhak atas pelayanan kesehatan untuk masyarakat, dengan kesehatan yang baik akan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat dapat menjadikan masyarakat mandiri dan yang setinggi-tingginya tanpa membedakan mampu menciptakan kesejahteraan bagi suku, golongan, agama, jenis kelamin, dan dirinya. Kesehatan merupakan kunci untuk status sosial ekonomi, serta pelaku dari pada terwujudnya sebuah pembangunan, karena penyelenggaraan pembangunan kesehatan dengan memiliki kesehatan yang baik adalah masyarakat, pemerintah (pusat, masyarakat dapat bekerja dengan maksimal provinsi, kabupaten atau kota), badan dan mampu bersaing dalam mewujudkan legislatif serta badan yudikatif. Sumber sebuah pembangunan, seiring dengan :(depkes.go.id : diakses pada 5 November perubahan pola pikir masyarakat saat ini, 2012). Oleh karena itu lingkungan menjadikan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan Pemerintah baik Pemerintah Pusat dan masyarakat akan pelayanan kesehatan dan pemerintah daerah harus saling bahu perhatian terhadap hak yang dimiliki seseorang membahu melaksanakan pembangunan untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan yang kesehatan yang terencana, dan terpadu dalam berkualitas, hal tesebut menjadikan semakin upaya bersama-sama mencapai derajat meningkat pula peranan pemerintah dalam kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya. menciptakan pelayanan kesehatan yang Keberhasilan pembangunan kesehatan berkualitas dengan catatan pengertian pelayan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan mutu kesehatan, prinsip pemberian pelayanan dan daya saing sumber daya manusia.Untuk kesehatan dan tujuan pemberian pelayanan mencapai keberhasilan dalam pembangunan kesehatan dapat diketahui serta dipahami baik bidang kesehatan tersebut diselenggarakan oleh pemberi pelayanan kesehatan dan terlebih berbagai upaya kesehatan secara menyeluruh bagi pihak penerima pelayanan kesehatan. berjenjang dan terpadu.Dalam hal ini rumah Pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia sakit sebagai unit pelaksana teknis serta Dinas bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, Kesehatan merupakan penanggung jawab kemauan dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi penyelenggara upaya kesehatan untuk jenjang setiap orang agar dapat mewujudkan derajat pertama di wilayah kerjanya masing-masing. kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya sebagai Rumah sakit sesuai dengan fungsinya perwujudan kesejahteraan (melaksanakan pelayanan medis, pelayanan umum.Pembangunan kesehatan tersebut penunjang medis) berkewajiban diselenggarakan dengan berdasarkan kepada mengupayakan, menyediakan dan 75 menyelenggarakan pelayanan yang bermutu pelayanan keperawatan menjadi cerminan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit secara umum. pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas. Oleh karena itu manajemen rumah sakit harus Rumah sakit merupakan salah satu bentuk mampu mengelola sumber daya keperawatan sarana kesehatan, baik yang diselenggarakan dapat lebih bermutu dan mampu memberikan oleh pemerintah atau masyarakat berfungsi kepuasan kepada pasien, keluarga dan untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan dasar atau masyarakat. kesehatan rujukan dan atau upaya kesehatan Pelayanan kesehatan juga sangat penunjang. Di dalam menjalankan fungsinya penting artinya bagi pemerintahan daerah, diharapkan senantiasa memperhatikan fungsi bahkan lebih besar peranannya terhadap sosial dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan kepentingan umum, karena proses pelayanan kepada masyarakat.Keberhasilan rumah sakit itu sendiri tidak terlepas dari tugas dan fungsi dalam menjalankan fungsinya ditandai dengan setiap pegawai yang terdapat di dinas-dinas meningkatnya mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. dan instansi terkait terutama pada Rumah Sakit Faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi mutu Umum Daerah (RSUD) yang memiliki tugas rumah sakit adalah sumber daya manusia dan fungsi melaksanakan pelayanan medis, (Depkes, 2002) Sebagaimana dalam serta pelayanan penunjang medis dan UndangUndang RI Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 berkewajiban mengupayakan, menyediakan tentang pengaturan penyelenggaraan rumah dan menyelenggarakan pelayanan yang sakit ditegaskan dalam Pasal 3 yang bertujuan: bermutu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan 1. Mempermudah akses masyarakat untuk masyarakat akan pelayanan kesehatan yang mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan. berkualitas agar menjalankan program dan kegiatan yang sudah direncanakan oleh setiap 2. Memberikan perlindungan terhadap satuan kerja perangkat daerah secara efektif keselamatan pasien, masyarakat, dan efisien. lingkungan rumah sakit dan sumber daya manusia di Rumah Sakit. Berdasarkan keputusan menteri kesehatan Nomor 129/Menkes/SK//II/2008 3. Meningkatkan mutu dan tentang standar pelayanan minimal rumah mempertahankan Standar Pelayanan sakit, standar minimal rawat jalan adalah Rumah Sakit, dan sebagai 4. Memberikan kepastian hukum kepada betrikut: pasien, masyarakat, sumber daya manusia rumah sakit, dan rumah sakit. 1. dokter pemberi layanan di poliklinik spesialis. Dalam upaya memenuhi tuntutan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pelayanan 2. ketersediaan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas, sebagaimana 3. ketersediaan pelayanan di RS jiwa fungsi pemerintah untuk mewujudkan 4. jam buka pelayanan serta meningkatkan pelayanan pada warga 5. waktu tunggu dirawat jalan masyarakat secara maksimal, salah satunya 6. kepuasan pelanggan dengan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik dibidang kesehatan. Begitupun mengenai pelayanan Sumber daya manusia yang terlibat kesehatan yang terdapat dalam wilayah kerja secara langsung dalam pemberian pelayanan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Trikora Salakan kepada pasien adalah dokter, perawat, bidan Kecamatan Tinangkung Kabupaten Banggai serta tenaga penunjang lainnya. Diantara Kepulauan. tenaga tersebut, 40% adalah tenaga perawat Berdasarkan pengamatan yang (Depkes, 2002). Menurut Gillies (1989) mutu 76 dilakukan oleh penulis diketahui bahwa tingkat mampu memberikan pelayanan yang pemanfaatan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah berkualitas. Keberhasilan perusahaan dalam Trikora Salakan masih kurang baik dan meberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas dapat memadai misalnya pada ruang tunggu yang ditentukan dengan pendekatan service quality masih sempit dan tempat parkir,
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