Linnaeus Tussen Lapland En Leiden
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Nomenclatura,Íntimamen- De Losnombrescientíficosnohasidounatareafácil
Los humanos clasificamos con el fin de lograr un orden y un manejo más fácil y adecuado de los objetos con los que La trabajamos. Entre los biólogos esta labor es fundamental para establecer códigos de comunicación que permitan ubicar el tipo de organismos que se investigan. Si bien las nomenclatura discusiones y sus resultados han sido parte de un lento y a veces complejo trabajo que ha ido evolucionando con los botánica en nuevos horizontes en la investigación, llegar a acuerdos en las comunidades científicas a nivel mundial en el terreno de los nombres científicos no ha sido una tarea fácil. la sistemática La taxonomía es la ciencia de la clasificación de los gru- pos de organismos, mientras la nomenclatura, íntimamen- te asociada a la taxonomía desde sus orígenes más remotos, del siglo XXI tiene como meta el poner un orden universal en la acepta- ción de nombres a diferentes niveles jerárquicos. Desde hace siglos ha sido imprescindible dar un nombre estable a toda especie y demás categorías que se describen a fin de que se le reconozca en un “idioma” universal. Las nomen- claturas taxonómicas botánica y zoológica se rigen por có- digos internacionales que se aprueban en congresos de este tipo. En general los códigos consisten en reglas, ar tícu- los y suplementos con recomendaciones, que en muchos casos son muy complejos. En el caso de las plantas, el código de referencia es el International Code of Nomenclature que se aprueba en los congresos internacionales periódicos de la International As- sociation for Plant Taxonomy. Las actualizaciones del código se llevan a cabo después de las reuniones de cada congreso, generalmente identificando el código con el nombre de la ciudad sede del congreso. -
The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth Century Yota Batsaki Dumbarton Oaks
University of Dayton eCommons Marian Library Faculty Publications The aM rian Library 2017 The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth Century Yota Batsaki Dumbarton Oaks Sarah Burke Cahalan University of Dayton, [email protected] Anatole Tchikine Dumbarton Oaks Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/imri_faculty_publications eCommons Citation Batsaki, Yota; Cahalan, Sarah Burke; and Tchikine, Anatole, "The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth Century" (2017). Marian Library Faculty Publications. Paper 28. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/imri_faculty_publications/28 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The aM rian Library at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Library Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth Century YOTA BATSAKI SARAH BURKE CAHALAN ANATOLE TCHIKINE Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 2016 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Batsaki, Yota, editor. | Cahalan, Sarah Burke, editor. | Tchikine, Anatole, editor. Title: The botany of empire in the long eighteenth century / Yota Batsaki, Sarah Burke Cahalan, and Anatole Tchikine, editors. Description: Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, [2016] | Series: Dumbarton Oaks symposia and colloquia | Based on papers presented at the symposium “The Botany of Empire in the Long Eighteenth Century,” held at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C., on October 4–5, 2013. | Includes bibliographical references and index. -
A Naturalist Lost – CP Thunberg's Disciple Johan Arnold
九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository A naturalist lost – C. P. Thunberg’s disciple Johan Arnold Stützer (1763–1821) in the East Indies Wolfgang, Michel Faculty of Languages and Cultures, Kyushu University : Professor emeritus http://hdl.handle.net/2324/1563681 出版情報:Japanese collections in European museums : reports from the Toyota-Foundation- Symposium Königswinter 2003. 3, pp.147-162, 2015-03-01. Bier'sche Verlagsanstalt バージョン: 権利関係: A NATURALIST LOST - C. P. THUNBERG'S DISCIPLE JOHAN ARNOLD STUTZER (1763-1821) IN THE EAST INDIES Wolfgang MICHEL, Fukuoka Johan Arnold Stiitzer was one of two disciples man barber surgeon, Martin Christian Wilhelm of the renowned Swedish scholar Carl Peter Stiitzer (1727- 1806). Martin Stiitzer had im Thunberg who traveled overseas as an employ migrated from Oranienburg (Prussia) to Stock ee of the Dutch East India Company to lay the holm during the 17 50s. After traveling to the foundations of an academic career. Following West Indies in 1757 and undertaking further in the footsteps of his famous teacher, he even studies including an examination to become managed to work as a surgeon at the Dutch trad a surgeon in 1760, he married Anna Maria ing post ofDejima in Nagasaki. However, after Soem (?- 1766), whose father, Christian Soem years of rapidly changing circumstances and ( 1694-1775), was also a barber surgeon. 1 twists and turns, this promising young naturalist Surgeons were educated and organized settled down to serve the British in Ceylon with in guilds and, like his father-in-law, Martin out ever returning to Europe. While most of the Stiitzer took part in the fight for recognition objects collected by Westerners in Japan ended and reputation. -
A Translation of the Linnaean Dissertation the Invisible World
BJHS 49(3): 353–382, September 2016. © British Society for the History of Science 2016 doi:10.1017/S0007087416000637 A translation of the Linnaean dissertation The Invisible World JANIS ANTONOVICS* AND JACOBUS KRITZINGER** Abstract. This study presents the first translation from Latin to English of the Linnaean disser- tation Mundus invisibilis or The Invisible World, submitted by Johannes Roos in 1769. The dissertation highlights Linnaeus’s conviction that infectious diseases could be transmitted by living organisms, too small to be seen. Biographies of Linnaeus often fail to mention that Linnaeus was correct in ascribing the cause of diseases such as measles, smallpox and syphilis to living organisms. The dissertation itself reviews the work of many microscopists, especially on zoophytes and insects, marvelling at the many unexpected discoveries. It then discusses and quotes at length the observations of Münchhausen suggesting that spores from fungi causing plant diseases germinate to produce animalcules, an observation that Linnaeus claimed to have confirmed. The dissertation then draws parallels between these findings and the conta- giousness of many human diseases, and urges further studies of this ‘invisible world’ since, as Roos avers, microscopic organisms may cause more destruction than occurs in all wars. Introduction Here we present the first translation from Latin to English of the Linnaean dissertation published in 1767 by Johannes Roos (1745–1828) entitled Dissertatio academica mundum invisibilem, breviter delineatura and republished by Carl Linnaeus (1707– 1778) several years later in the Amoenitates academicae under the title Mundus invisibi- lis or The Invisible World.1 Roos was a student of Linnaeus, and the dissertation is important in highlighting Linnaeus’s conviction that infectious diseases could be trans- mitted by living organisms. -
© 2008 Stephanie Volmer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
© 2008 Stephanie Volmer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PLANTING A NEW WORLD: LETTERS AND LANGUAGES OF TRANSATLANTIC BOTANICAL EXCHANGE, 1733-1777 By STEPHANIE VOLMER A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Literatures in English written under the direction of Myra Jehlen and approved by ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2008 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Planting a New World: Letters and Languages of Transatlantic Botanical Exchange, 1733-1777 by STEPHANIE VOLMER Dissertation Director: Myra Jehlen My dissertation describes an important change in the accepted understanding and imagination of nature. This change took place over the course of the eighteenth century, when nature, from being conceived of as a settled state subject to cyclical change, came to be seen as mobile and mutable. The sense of a mobile, mutable nature--the dissertation's central trope--arose from the experience of travel and discovery, which was accompanied from the first by a vigorous process of transplantation. Plants and seeds were carried across oceans, having been dug up on one continent to be replanted often in another. From being static and predictable, plant life therefore became, for scholars and poets alike, dynamic, mutable, and adaptable. I focus on the writings of a small group of men in the Anglo-American world, including John and William Bartram, Peter Collinson, Alexander Garden, John Ellis, and Carl Linnaeus, who were engaged in the work of transporting, planting, writing about, and classifying botanical objects. -
Rules of Botanical Nomenclature
Taxonomy Prof.(Dr.) Punam Jeswal Head M.Sc semester II Botany Department Rules of Botanical Nomenclature Definition - Nomenclature is the art of naming of objects, which deals with the determination of a correct name to a known plant or to a known taxon. The names indeed correspond to the sentence, as both constitute meaningful collection of words. A name indicates a noun that helps in the quick identification, easy communication and economy of memory about the object to which it is concerned. Types of Names - The names according to their range of audience, language, territorial coverage and governance are of two types :- 1. Common or vernacular names. 2. International or scientific names. Common or Vernacular Names - These names are of the locals, by the locals, for the locals, in the local dialect. That is when a local plant is named by native people for the identification and communication to the other people of the same territory in their won local dialect, it is referred to as local or common or vernacular name. The fundamental demerits of this name are that they have limited audience, small territorial coverage and not governed under any set of principles or rules and even the same plant may have more than one name in the same locality. Another demerit of concern regarding these names is presence of synonyms in the languages therefore; the same plant may have a variety of names at different places in different languages. As for instance, mango(Mangifera indica) posses more than fifty names in Sanskrit only and lotus is known by more than two dozen names in Sanskrit and Hindi languages. -
Anfänge Und Ziele Der Vegetationsgeographie
FID Biodiversitätsforschung Mitteilungen der Floristisch-Soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Anfänge und Ziele der Vegetationsgeographie Schmithüsen, Josef 1957 Digitalisiert durch die Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main im Rahmen des DFG-geförderten Projekts FID Biodiversitätsforschung (BIOfid) Weitere Informationen Nähere Informationen zu diesem Werk finden Sie im: Suchportal der Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main. Bitte benutzen Sie beim Zitieren des vorliegenden Digitalisats den folgenden persistenten Identifikator: urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:4-89837 Anfänge und Ziele der Vegetationsgeographie *) von JOSEF SCHMITHÜSEN, Karlsruhe . 1 . Geobotanik und Vegetationsgeographie . Oft ist die Frage aufgeworfen worden , ob die Lehre von der Verbreitung der Lebewesen auf der Erde ( Biochorologie ) wissenschaftssystematisch zu der Biologie ( Botanik und Zoologie ) oder zu der Geographie zu rechnen sei . Tatsächlich werden seit je die Probleme der räumlichen Verteilung der Pflanzen und Tiere und ihrer Beziehungen zu der Umwelt sowohl von den Biologen als auch von den Geographen und oft in enger Zusammenarbeit von beiden erforscht . Die Ausgangspunkte und die Ziele der Betrachtung sind jedoch bei beiden grundsätzlich verschieden . Forschungsobjekt der Biologie ist das Leben mit seinen Formen , Vorgängen und Gesetzen , die neben anderen auch einen räumlichen Aspekt haben . Gegenstand der Geo¬ graphie ist die Erdoberfläche ( Geosphäre ) in ihrer Gliederung in Länder und Landschaften -
Opening the Curiosity Box
Opening the curiosity box: Botanical images as sites of transformation for the scientific practices of annotation and display in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Karen Stewart Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Philosophy, Visual Arts (Illustration) at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor Keith Dietrich MARCH 2007 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration: I, the undersigned declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Summary This thesis investigates the hidden narratives of South African botanical images made in the late seventeenth to eighteenth century. Plant collecting and image making was part of early modernist scientific practice of collection and display. These images are examined from postmodern perspectives that treat them as "texts" that validated colonial botanical agendas. Botanical art objectified "nature" enforcing it into a textual code that sanitised it and made it suitable for study by Eurocentric natural philosophers. The impact of particular scientific agendas about "nature" can be linked to the stereotyping and subjugation of both indigenous knowledge systems and women. This thesis considers the impact that the complex historical and socio-political situations of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had to bear on the discursive formations associated with the botanical sciences, of which botanical art forms an integral part. The process whereby indigenous knowledge was effectively written out of acceptable botanical practice (a trend that persists today) is evaluated. -
Natural History of the Gila Symposium October 14–16, 2010 Western New Mexico University Silver City, New Mexico
the new mexico botanist Special Issue Number 3 October 2012 proceedings of the third Natural History of the Gila Symposium October 14–16, 2010 Western New Mexico University Silver City, New Mexico edited by William Norris Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University Richard Felger University of Arizona Herbarium and Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona 2012 Proceedings of the Third Natural History of the Gila Symposium, October 2010 / The New Mexico Botanist, Special Issue No. 3, October 2012 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Some Things Going On in the Gila National Forest That You May Find Interesting Richard Markley .............................................................................................. 2 For Birds: Dale and Marian Zimmerman Gene Jercinovic ............................................................................................... 6 Visions of Dulcinea Mike Fugagli .................................................................................................15 Box Canyon Road Sharman Apt Russell ........................................................................................17 Exploring the Late Prehistoric Occupation of the Upper Gila Region Through Preservation Archaeology Katherine Dungan, Deborah Huntley, Jeffery Clark, Robert Jones, and Andrew Laurenzi ..............20 Review of Tachinid Fly Diversity in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico James E. -
Plant Taxonomy
AUROBINDO SATPATHY PLANT TAXONOMY 1. Plant taxonomy is a subject that deals with: 12. This famous plant taxonomist was in the Royal Botanic a) Naming of plants Garden Kew, England. His publication of 1926 and 1934 Knowledge b) Identification, nomenclature and classification of plants was "The families of flowering plants". His method of c) Identification and nomenclature of plants classification has closer affinities with that of Bentham and d) Identification and classification of plants Hooker. 2. Identification deals with: a) Alfred Barton Rendle b) Karl Christian Mez a) Determination of a taxon as being identified with or similar c) Hans Hallier d) John Hutchinson to another already known element 13. Who coined the term 'species'? b) Classification c) Nomenclature a) John Ray b) Oswald Tippo d) All of the above c) Carolus Linnaeus d) C. Bessey 3. Carolus Linnaeus system of classification is: 14. Who was the famous embryologist who said that 'Ontogeny a) Asexual system b) Morphological system repeats phylogeny'? c) Sexual system a) Lamarck b) Von Baer d) Biochemical and anatomical system c) Louise Pasteus d) Sir Charles Darwin Test Your Test 4. He was a student of Aristotle and is known as the father of 15. Phylogeny is the: Botany. He was the author of Historia plantarum. He a) Life cycle of a species classified plants into trees, shrubs, under shrubs and herbs b) Evolutionary history of a taxon and also recognized annual, biennial and perennial c) Ontogeny of a plant/animal duration of plant life cycle. d) All of the above a) Jerome Bock (1498-1554) 16. -
The Linnaean Collections
THE LINNEAN SPECIAL ISSUE No. 7 The Linnaean Collections edited by B. Gardiner and M. Morris WILEY-BLACKWELL 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ © 2007 The Linnean Society of London All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The designations of geographic entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publishers, the Linnean Society, the editors or any other participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The Linnaean Collections Introduction In its creation the Linnaean methodology owes as much to Artedi as to Linneaus himself. So how did this come about? It was in the spring of 1729 when Linnaeus first met Artedi in Uppsala and they remained together for just over seven years. It was during this period that they not only became the closest of friends but also developed what was to become their modus operandi. Artedi was especially interested in natural history, mineralogy and chemistry; Linnaeus on the other hand was far more interested in botany. Thus it was at this point that they decided to split up the natural world between them. Artedi took the fishes, amphibia and reptiles, Linnaeus the plants, insects and birds and, while both agreed to work on the mammals, Linneaus obligingly gave over one plant family – the Umbelliforae – to Artedi “as he wanted to work out a new method of classifying them”. -
Linnaeus Page 2
Number 52 September 7, 2010 A Newsletter for the flora Ephedra coryi in central New Mexico? of New Mexico, from the Range Science Herbarium and Robert C. Sivinski Cooperative Extension Service, College of Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department - Forestry Division P.O. Box 1948, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Recent botanical literature (Stevenson 1993; Gymnosperm Database 2010) and identifica- Mexico State University. tions on labels of several herbarium specimens (NMBCC 2007) place Ephedra coryi E.L Reed in the Sierra Oscura and also the San Andres and Caballo mountains in south-central New Mex- ico. My recent trip to the northern slope of the Sierra Oscura in southeastern Socorro County leads to me to believe that E. coryi is not the appropriate name for these large, shrubby plants. The plant I encountered in the Sierra Oscura (R.C. Sivinski 7606 UNM) closely resembles one that I know fairly well from the northwestern part of the state – Ephedra viridis Coville. In This Issue — Ephedra viridis is a vivid green to yellowish-green shrub with broom-like twigs on thick, gray, woody stems from an individual caudex that is usually not rhizomatous (Figure 1.). It has opposite, connate leaves with swollen brownish or eventually black bases, female cones with Ephedra coryi in New two dark brown seeds, and 4-5 pairs of scales that are green when fresh, ovate-acute, and mem- Mexico?.....................1 branous-papery only at the margins. Female cones are usually sessile or almost sessile with My Point of View......3 short, scaly peduncles less than 5 mm long.