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Eastern Enlargement – Western Enlargement Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society After the Accession

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Eastern Enlargement – Western Enlargement Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society After the Accession EU RESEARCH ON SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Eastern Enlargement - Western Enlargement Cultural Encounters in the European Economy And Society after the Accession DIOSCURI project THE ART STATE OF EUR 21952 Interested in European research? RTD info is our quarterly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results, programmes, events, etc). It is available in English, French and German. A free sample copy or free subscription can be obtained from: European Commission Directorate-General for Research Information and Communication Unit B-1049 Brussels Fax : (32-2) 29-58220 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index_en. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Research Directorate K – Knowledge-based economy and society E-mail: [email protected] DIOSCURI Research Project Eastern Enlargement – Western Enlargement Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society after the Accession State of the Art Project CIT2-CT-2004-506024 Funded under Priority 7: Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-based Society DG Research Report issued in October 2005 Coordinator of project : Central European University, Budapest Foundation, Center for Policy Studies Budapest, Hungary, Violetta ZENTAI [email protected] Partners : Institüt für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Wien, Austria, Janos Kovacs Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha,, Czech Republic, Jiri Vecernik Institute of Public Affairs, Warsaw, Poland, Jacek Kochanowicz Univerza v Ljubljana, Slovenia, Frane Adam Centre for Advances Study Foundation, Sofia Bulgaria, Petya Kabakchieva Associatia Centrul Pentru Politici Publice, CENPO, Bucharest, Romania, Vintila Mihailescu Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, Croatia, Drago Cengic Udruzenje Gradjana Centar za Studije Globalizaccije Pro et Contra, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, Vesna Vucinic-Meskovic EUROPEAN COMMISSION RESEARCH Commissioner : Janez Potocnik Directorate-General for Research Director General: Achilleas Mitsos The Directorate-General for Research initiates, develops and follows the Commission’s political initiatives for the realisation of the European research Area. It males sue that European research contributes towards reaching the objectives of these policies and, reciprocally, encourages the other Community policies to take into consideration the needs of the research policy. It conceives and implements the necessary Community actions, in particular the Framework Programmes, in terms of research and technological development. It also contributes to the implementation of the Lisbon Strategy as regards employment, competitiveness at the international level, economic reform and social cohesion within the European Union, in particular within the framework of the creation of an “area” for education, research and innovation training. The Directorate " Social Sciences and Humanities; Foresight" Directorate K, addresses key societal, economic and S&T challenges for Europe. It identifies and analyses major trends in relation to these challenges and examines them in the light of the principal EU strategic objectives and sectoral policies. The overall context for its work is the transition towards the knowledge based economy and society in Europe. Within this overall framework, the Directorate provides a policy relevant research based capability executed through the promotion and management of research activities in the areas of social sciences, humanities and foresight, the exploitation of their results and its own analyses. In this way, the Directorate offers knowledge for policies (including RTD policies) while supporting the formulation of policies for knowledge. Director : Theodius LENNON Scientific Officer: Myria Vassiliadou [email protected] http://www.cordis.lu/fp6/citizens.htm, for information on Priority 7 – ‘Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge Based Society’ under the 6th Framework Programme. http://improving-ser.jrc.it/default/, the database of socio-economic projects funded under the 4th and 5th Framework Programme. http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/social-sciences/index_en.htm, Social sciences and humanities in Europa Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005 © European Communities, 2005 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER Preface Within the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2002-2006), Priority 7 “Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge- based Society” aims to mobilise European research in economic, political, social sciences and humanities in order to develop an understanding of and to address issues related to the emergence of a knowledge -based society as well as to identify and address, on the one hand, new forms of relationships between its citizens and, on the other between its citizens and institutions. In order to attain these objectives, researchers were invited to address issues related to the following 7 research areas, grouped into two major themes: Knowledge based society and social cohesion 1. Improving generation, distribution and use of knowledge 2. Options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society 3. Variety of paths towards a knowledge society Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance 4. Implications of European integration and enlargement 5. New forms of governance 6. Resolution of conflicts and restoration of peace 7. New forms of citizenship and cultural identities and one additional research area of a horizontal nature: 8. Actions to promote the European Research Area in Social Sciences and Humanities and their contribution to the knowledge based society in Europe. The implementation of this Priority was undertaken through the launching of calls for proposals in 2003 and 2004 and researchers had the possibility of using various types of research instruments. As a result of the evaluation of the first calls for proposals, 20 NoE and IP and 39 STREP’s and CA’s have been selected for funding and have started their research activities during 2004 and 2005. Some of them are now delivering their first results. They are usually presented in the format of a report which reflects the state of the art of the specific topic to be dealt by each individual project. The present report was prepared in the context of the STREP “DIOSCURI – Eastern Enlargement – Western Enlargement, Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society after the Accession”, which was funded by the first call of proposals. This project addresses research area 4 - Implications of European integration and enlargement. DIOSCURI Research Project Eastern Enlargement – Western Enlargement Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society after the Accession Janos Matyas Kovacs (ed) State of the art report Table of contents I. Introduction 3 II. Researching economic cultures in Eastern Europe: preliminary thoughts from 2002/2003 5 III. Mapping research on economic cultures: the country cases III.1. Bulgaria 9 III.2. Croatia 33 III.3. Hungary 97 III.4. Poland 134 III.5. Romania 153 III.6. Serbia/Montenegro 183 III.7. Slovenia 207 IV. Reading the national reports: comparing the incomparable? 232 2 I. Introduction The specific targeted research project “DIOSCURI -- Eastern Enlargement - Western Enlargement. Cultural Encounters in the European Economy and Society After the Accession” (CIT2-CT-2004-506024; 7th Priority: Citizens and Governance in Knowledge-based Society) is currently in its field-work phase. Before embarking on the field-work, the Consortium completed this comprehensive literature review. The primary objective of the DIOSCURI project is to explore the dynamics of cultural exchange between “East” and “West” in the European economy. It also identifies the main types of cultural encounters between the two halves of Europe during and after the Enlargement, maps the major cultural gaps and strategies to bridge them, and describes the fields in which the new entrants can contribute to the rejuvenation of economic cultures in the Union. DIOSCURI focuses on three research fields: entrepreneurship, governance and economic knowledge. The Consortium expects to find a great variety of lasting cultural hybrids in economic and social behaviour, instead of a simplistic scheme, in which the "strong Western" culture devours the "weak Eastern" one. Thus, in an unprecedented way, Eastern Enlargement is studied in conjunction with its neglected counterpart, Western Enlargement. The research is carried out in four East-Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia) and in four countries of Southeastern Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Serbia/Montenegro). The project is co-ordinated by Viola Zentai (Center for Policy Studies
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