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Description of the Environment 3-1 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management CONTENTS of Section 3 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3-1 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3-1 3.1.1 General Consideration 3-1 3.1.2 Study Area 3-1 3.1.3 Data Sources 3-4 3.1.4 Structure of the Baseline Section 3-4 3.2 OVERVIEW OF THE AREA 3-5 3.2.1 Topography 3-5 3.2.2 Land Use 3-5 3.2.2.1 Settlements 3-6 3.2.2.2 Industry 3-6 3.2.2.3 Infrastructure 3-7 3.2.2.4 Agriculture 3-8 3.2.2.5 Other Land Use 3-8 3.3 GEOLOGY 3-9 3.3.1 Overview 3-9 3.3.2 Regional Geology 3-9 3.3.3 Local Geology 3-10 3.3.3.1 Shakhgaya-West 3-10 3.3.3.2 Caravansarai 3-11 3.3.4 Seismic Conditions 3-12 3.3.4.1 General Tectonic Setting 3-12 3.3.4.2 Seismic Zones 3-13 3.3.4.3 Mud volcanoes 3-15 3.4 SOILS 3-17 3.4.1 Regional Soil Characteristics 3-17 3.4.2 Existing Soil Contamination 3-18 3.5 HYDROGEOLOGY 3-19 3.5.1 General Regional Situation 3-19 3.5.2 On site 3-19 3.6 HYDROLOGY 3-20 3.7 CLIMATE 3-22 GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-I ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management 3.7.1 General Climatic Conditions 3-22 3.7.2 Climatic Parameters of the Study Area 3-23 3.7.2.1 Temperature 3-23 3.7.2.2 Precipitation 3-23 3.7.2.3 Sunshine Hours 3-24 3.7.2.4 Evaporation 3-24 3.7.2.5 Relative Humidity 3-25 3.7.2.6 Wind Characteristics 3-25 3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 3-26 3.8.1 Air Quality Standards 3-26 3.8.2 Area of Interest and Available Data 3-31 3.8.3 Emission Sources in the Area of Interest 3-32 3.8.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3-34 3.8.5 Smell Nuisance 3-35 3.8.6 Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling of the Current Air Emissions 3-36 3.8.6.1 General 3-36 3.8.6.2 Dispersion Modelling of the Current Operation with Kilns 1 – 4 3-36 3.8.6.3 Ambient Air Impact - Results and Discussion 3-40 3.9 AMBIENT NOISE 3-45 3.9.1 Introduction 3-45 3.9.2 National and International Environmental Noise Standards and Guidelines 3-47 3.9.3 Major Noise Emission Sources of the Current Cement Manufacturing 3-47 3.9.4 Noise Measurements 3-48 3.9.4.1 Noise Impact Modelling 3-48 3.10 FLORA AND FAUNA 3-51 3.10.1 Ecological Setting and Habitats of the Region 3-52 3.10.2 Flora 3-52 3.10.3 Fauna 3-53 3.10.4 Protected Areas 3-54 3.11 LANDSCAPE AND SCENERY 3-54 3.12 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE AREA 3-56 3.12.1 Introduction and Methodology 3-56 GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-II ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management 3.12.2 National Context 3-56 3.12.3 Administrative organisation of the area affected by the Project 3-57 3.12.4 Area Likely to be Affected / Potentially Influenced by the Project 3-58 3.12.5 Settlement Community Profile 3-58 3.12.6 Infrastructure in the Project Area 3-63 3.12.7 Industries / Establishments in the area 3-64 3.12.8 Demographic Data - Analysis of the latest Census Information 3-65 3.12.8.1 Garadagh District 3-66 3.12.8.2 Further Socio-Economic Information 3-67 3.12.9 Social Infrastructure, Health 3-70 3.12.10 Garadagh Cement Corporate Social Responsibility Activities in the Region 3-71 3.12.11 Local Perceptions about the Project 3-72 3.13 CULTURAL HERITAGE 3-73 GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-III ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1 Rock type description of Shakhgaya-West (Source: Holcim, 2004) 3-11 Table 3-2 Rock type description of Caravansarai Deposit 3-12 Table 3-3 Detected Earthquakes of the Absheron Peninsula since 1840 3-15 Table 3-4 Result of the DNV ground-water analysis (DNV, 2003) 3-20 Table 3-5 National and International Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-28 Table 3-6 Emissions in Garadagh District and Baku City for 2005 3-34 Table 3-7 Parameters of current GC plant emission sources 3-38 Table 3-8 Maximum of the calculated ground level concentration and deposition increments for the current situation, key substances 3-43 Table 3-9 Calculated ground level concentration and deposition increments; heavy metals 3-44 Table 3-10 Examples of noise sources and their sound pressure level 3-46 Table 3-11 IFC Standards for environmental noise 3-47 Table 3-12 Noise sources and noise areas taken for the noise prediction of the current operation 3-50 Table 3-13 Summary of Settlement Community Profile 3-63 Table 3-14 Statistic numbers of inhabitants 3-65 GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-IV ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1 Location of the GC Kiln 6 Project in its wider geographic context 3-3 Figure 3-2 Cross-Section through Sh. –West and Caravansarai limestone deposit areas 3-10 Figure 3-3 Overview of Regional Seismicity Distribution 3-14 Figure 3-4 Caspian Sea level fluctuations 3-21 Figure 3-5 Baku Climate Chart: 3-22 Figure 3-6 Wind frequency and speed in Baku and Puta 3-26 Figure 3-7 Wind rose of Baku airport station as used for the modelling in this ESIA (year 2003; 10°-sectors) 3-40 LIST OF BOXES Box 3-1 Cultural Heritage in Gradagh District 3-75 LIST OF PHOTOS Photo 3-1 An active mud volcano in close proximity to the Northern Route Export Pipeline, to the western vicinity of the project study area 3-16 Photo 3-2 Iris acutiloba found at the Shakhgaya-West Quarry (Spring 2008) 3-53 Photo 3-3 Pictures of the Sahil Settlement 3-60 Photo 3-4 Pictures of the Umid Settlement 3-62 Photo 3-5 The 16th Century Shakh Abbas Caravansari (2008) 3-74 GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-V ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.1.1 General Consideration Baseline data on environmental conditions are important to understand the project region’s existing physical, biological, cultural and social environmental characteristics. The main objective of examining the present environment is to provide an environmental baseline against which potential impacts from construction and operational phases of the Project may be compared. The collection of baseline data, therefore, focuses on information requirements which are relevant to ESIA analysis in the context of the Project and its likely effects on the environment. Based on the above, the existing environmental baseline of each environmental component is presented in the following sections. 3.1.2 Study Area This baseline section describes the environmental conditions: on the GC plant site in the vicinity of the GC plant, the inland areas covering the various raw material sites, and, surrounding regions within the Garadagh District to provide a wider context. Figure 3-1 presents the project study area in its geographic context, and shows a number of place names and other features that will be referred to throughout this chapter. Annex D contains a diagrammatic representation of the present site and site photos taken during the ESIA site visits by the ERM/AETC team. GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-1 ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-2 ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management Figure 3-1 Location of the GC Kiln 6 Project in its wider geographic context GARADAGH CEMENT OJSC/HOLCIM GROUP FINAL REPORT ESIA KILN 6 P0080289, 3_BASELINE_F.DOC 3-3 ERM/AETC, MARCH 2009 ERM GmbH Environmental Resources Management 3.1.3 Data Sources For this baseline compilation, a number of environmental surveys and data reviews have been carried out in and around the Garadagh Cement plant production site and raw materials quarries. The primary environmental survey was undertaken by AETC in April 2008, further studies were undertaken by SRM at the Garadagh Cement Plant site and by ERM/AETC for socio-economic baseline data acquisition in June 2008. This current document makes reference to details described in the Garadagh Cement Kiln 6 EIA report prepared by SRM in 2008, as well as publicly available information for the region from a number of sources, and several previous AETC authored environmental reports.1 Secondary data and information has been collected by AETC from various Azeri government departments and from other study reports available related to the subject. Further Garadagh Cement provided information related to environmental conditions on the cement plant site and the quarries: Site Soil Investigation Report (Analytik Labor Nord – ALN, 2008); Environmental Baseline Study of Garadagh Cement plant site (Det Norske Veritas – DNV, 2003); Quarry Study (Holcim, 2004).
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