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GEOS 424 Syllabus-Katmai (PDF)
SYLLABUS FOR GEOS F424 Katmai INTERNATIONAL VOLCANOLOGICAL FIELD SCHOOL, KATMAI SESSION (3 CREDITS) INSTRUCTORS Pavel Izbekov Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK; email: [email protected]; office phone: +1-907-474-5269 A two-week backpacking field trip to the Katmai National Park, Alaska provides an opportunity to learn about volcanic processes through direct examination of volcanic products while exploring the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, the site of the largest volcanic eruption on Earth in the 20th century. PREREQUISITES Acceptance into the course is contingent upon: (1) A completed application, (2) a reference letter, and (3) permission of the Instructor. RESTRICTIONS Students must be in good health, capable of hiking for at least 20 km per day carrying heavy backpacks, and be willing to camp under primitive, remote, and possibly uncomfortable conditions. TEXTBOOK Eichelberger, J.C. (2006). The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska. University of Alaska Fairbanks, 60 p. Additional reading materials are listed below. KEY CONCEPTS ADDRESSED Magma processes Subduction-related volcanism Products of volcanic activity Volcanic features and landforms Petrology of the Katmai group of volcanoes Volcano monitoring and public safety STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Students will learn to identify pyroclastic flow deposits, lava flows, and tephra fall deposits, as well as to describe characteristics and to discuss origin of aforementioned volcanic deposits Students will be able to make informed decisions conducting scientific field works in a remote environment while following safety requirements and communication protocols Students will develop / improve skills of effective communication with peers from different cultures COURSE STRUCTURE The course consists of day-long hikes interspersed with lectures. -
Crustal Deformation Associated with the 1960 Earthquake Events in the South of Chile
Paper No. CDDFV CRUSTAL DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1960 EARTHQUAKE EVENTS IN THE SOUTH OF CHILE Felipe Villalobos 1 ABSTRACT Large earthquakes can cause significant subsidence and uplifts of one or two meters. In the case of subsidence, coastal and fluvial retaining structures may therefore no longer be useful, for instance, against flooding caused by a tsunami. However, tectonic subsidence caused by large earthquakes is normally not considered in geotechnical designs. This paper describes and analyses the 1960 earthquakes that occurred in the south of Chile, along almost 1000 km between Concepción and the Taitao peninsula. Attention is paid to the 9.5 moment magnitude earthquake aftermath in the city of Valdivia, where a tsunami occurred followed by the overflow of the Riñihue Lake. Valdivia and its surrounding meadows were flooded due to a subsidence of approximately 2 m. The paper presents hypotheses which would explain why today the city is not flooded anymore. Answers can be found in the crustal deformation process occurring as a result of the subduction thrust. Various hypotheses show that the subduction mechanism in the south of Chile is different from that in the north. It is believed that there is also an elastic short-term effect which may explain an initial recovery and a viscoelastic long-term effect which may explain later recovery. Furthermore, measurements of crustal deformation suggest that a process of stress relaxation is still occurring almost 50 years after the main seismic event. Keywords: tectonic subsidence, 1960 earthquakes, Valdivia, crustal deformation, stress relaxation INTRODUCTION Tectonic subsidence or uplift is not considered in any design of onshore or near shore structures. -
The Volcanic Ash Soils of Chile
' I EXPANDED PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE No. 2017 Report to the Government of CHILE THE VOLCANIC ASH SOILS OF CHILE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROMEM965 -"'^ .Y--~ - -V^^-.. -r~ ' y Report No. 2017 Report CHT/TE/LA Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OP CHILE on THE VOLCANIC ASH SOILS OP CHILE Charles A. Wright POOL ANL AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OP THE UNITEL NATIONS ROME, 1965 266I7/C 51 iß - iii - TABLE OP CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 RECOMMENDATIONS 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 The nature and composition of volcanic landscapes 3 Vbloanio ash as a soil forming parent material 5 The distribution of voloanic ash soils in Chile 7 Nomenclature used in this report 11 A. ANDOSOLS OF CHILE» GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, FORMATIVE ENVIRONMENT, AND MAIN KINDS OF SOIL 11 1. TRUMAO SOILS 11 General characteristics 11 The formative environment 13 ÈS (i) Climate 13 (ii) Topography 13 (iii) Parent materials 13 (iv) Natural plant cover 14 (o) The main kinds of trumao soils ' 14 2. NADI SOILS 16 General characteristics 16 The formative environment 16 tö (i) Climat* 16 (ii) Topograph? and parent materials 17 (iii) Natural plant cover 18 B. -
Revision 3 New Petrological, Geochemical and Geochronological
1 Revision 3 2 New petrological, geochemical and geochronological perspectives 3 on andesite-dacite magma genesis at Ruapehu volcano, New 4 Zealand 5 6 7 Chris E. Conway1,2*, John A. Gamble1,3, Colin J. N. Wilson1, Graham S. Leonard4, Dougal 8 B. Townsend4, Andrew T. Calvert5 9 10 11 1 School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, 12 Wellington 6140, New Zealand 13 2 Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 14 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan 15 3 School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland 16 4 GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand 17 5 US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS-937, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA 18 19 20 *Email: [email protected] 1 21 ABSTRACT 22 Time-composition relationships in eruptive sequences at composite volcanoes can 23 show how the ongoing intrusion of magmas progressively affects the lithosphere at 24 continental convergent margins. Here, new whole-rock and microanalytical major and trace 25 element data from andesite-dacite lava flows are integrated with previous studies and existing 26 isotopic data, and placed within the framework of a high-resolution chronostratigraphy for 27 Ruapehu volcano (southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand). The geochemical evolution 28 of lavas erupted over the ~200 kyr lifetime of the exposed edifice reflects variable degrees of 29 fractionation and systematic changes in the type of crustal assimilation in the Ruapehu 30 magma system. Lavas erupted from ~200–150 ka have previously been distinguished from 31 those erupted <150 ka based on Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, which indicate that the oldest 32 lavas were sourced from magmas that assimilated oceanic crust. -
Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
Percepciones Y Analogías De Dos Geografías Desencontradas
Contretas Véliz, Claudio. Sobre fogones y semáforos: Percepciones y analogías de dos geografías desencontradas. El caso del volcán Callaqui en la geografía ancestral pehuenche de Alto Biobío Vol. X, No. 10, enero-junio 2020 Sobre fogones y semáforos: Percepciones y analogías de dos geografías desencontradas. El caso del volcán Callaqui en la geografía ancestral pehuenche de Alto Biobío On stoves and traffic lights: Perceptions and analogies of two uneven geographies. The case of the Callaqui volcano in the Pehuenche ancestral geography of Alto Biobío Recibido el 08 de mayo de 2020, aceptado el 08 de junio de 2020 Claudio Contreras Véliz* Resumen En Alto Biobío, área cordillerana del centro sur de Chile, habita parte del pueblo originario Pehuenche, cuyas comunidades o lob mapu, se emplazan alrededor del volcán Callaqui (‘Callavquen’ en la lengua local, que significa ‘celoso de los hom- bres’). El volcán en el último tiempo ha sido monitoreado por la institucionalidad vulcano- lógica y de emergencias del país (SERNAGEOMIN, ONEMI y Universidades), que busca generar planes y acciones para gestionar la alarma de una posible erupción, y advertir a través de un semáforo y escalas de riesgos, la peligrosidad que representa para la población local. No obstante, los pehuenches, habitantes ancestrales del área de influencia del volcán, han convivido con él de una manera intrínseca por genera- ciones, y le han asociado gran parte de sus actividades económicas, sociales y cultu- rales, otorgándole un sentido protector desde sus propias percepciones respecto del macizo montañoso. * Magíster en Geografía con mención en intervención ambiental y territorial de la Universidad Acade- mia de Humanismo Cristiano (PIIT-UAHC), [email protected] 73 Vol. -
Effects of Volcanism, Crustal Thickness, and Large Scale Faulting on the He Isotope Signatures of Geothermal Systems in Chile
PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 11-13, 2013 SGP-TR-198 EFFECTS OF VOLCANISM, CRUSTAL THICKNESS, AND LARGE SCALE FAULTING ON THE HE ISOTOPE SIGNATURES OF GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS IN CHILE Patrick F. DOBSON1, B. Mack KENNEDY1, Martin REICH2, Pablo SANCHEZ2, and Diego MORATA2 1Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 2Departamento de Geología y Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, CHILE [email protected] agree with previously published results for the ABSTRACT Chilean Andes. The Chilean cordillera provides a unique geologic INTRODUCTION setting to evaluate the influence of volcanism, crustal thickness, and large scale faulting on fluid Measurement of 3He/4He in geothermal water and gas geochemistry in geothermal systems. In the Central samples has been used to guide geothermal Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes in the northern exploration efforts (e.g., Torgersen and Jenkins, part of Chile, the continental crust is quite thick (50- 1982; Welhan et al., 1988) Elevated 3He/4He ratios 70 km) and old (Mesozoic to Paleozoic), whereas the (R/Ra values greater than ~0.1) have been interpreted Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) in central Chile has to indicate a mantle influence on the He isotopic thinner (60-40 km) and younger (Cenozoic to composition, and may indicate that igneous intrusions Mesozoic) crust. In the SVZ, the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault provide the primary heat source for the associated System, a major intra-arc transpressional dextral geothermal fluids. Studies of helium isotope strike-slip fault system which controls the magmatic compositions of geothermal fluids collected from activity from 38°S to 47°S, provides the opportunity wells, hot springs and fumaroles within the Basin and to evaluate the effects of regional faulting on Range province of the western US (Kennedy and van geothermal fluid chemistry. -
Crustal Paleo-Stress and Permeability in a Strike-Slip Setting: Insights from The
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING CRUSTAL PALEO-STRESS AND PERMEABILITY IN A STRIKE-SLIP SETTING: INSIGHTS FROM THE SOUTHERN VOLCANIC ZONE (38-39°), CHILE. PAMELA VIVIANA PÉREZ FLORES Thesis submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Engineering Sciences Advisor: JOSÉ CEMBRANO. Santiago de Chile, May, 2017 © MMXVII, PAMELA VIVIANA PÉREZ FLORES PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING CRUSTAL PALEO-STRESS AND PERMEABILITY IN A STRIKE-SLIP SETTING: INSIGHTS FROM THE SOUTHERN VOLCANIC ZONE (38-39°S), CHILE. PAMELA VIVIANA PÉREZ FLORES Members of the Committee: JOSÉ CEMBRANO DANIEL HURTADO GLORIA ARANCIBIA ANDRÉS VELOSO ANDREA BROGI CRISTIÁN VIAL Thesis submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor in Engineering Sciences Santiago de Chile, 2017 © MMXVI, PAMELA VIVIANA PÉREZ FLORES Gratefully to Raul Pérez and Helia Flores i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is the result of the enthusiasm, generosity and effort of many people and institutions. The Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile funded my first semester scholarship. The Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONICYT) granted me a scholarship (Beca doctorado nacional-21120519) and funded my tuition fees, operational expenses and a 10-month internship at the University College London. The Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de Los Andes (CEGA) FONDAP/CONICYT Project 15090013 funded my field trips, chemical analyses, and attendance to international meetings. I deeply thank my advisor José Cembrano; his concepts, enthusiasm, and patience were the basis of this thesis from the beginning to the end. -
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Assessment of high enthalpy geothermal resources and promising areas of Chile Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9s55q609 Authors Aravena, D Muñoz, M Morata, D et al. Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.09.001 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Assessment of high enthalpy geothermal resources and promising areas of Chile Author links open overlay panel DiegoAravena ab MauricioMuñoz ab DiegoMorata ab AlfredoLahsen ab Miguel ÁngelParada ab PatrickDobson c Show more https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2015.09.001 Get rights and content Highlights • We ranked geothermal prospects into measured, Indicated and Inferred resources. • We assess a comparative power potential in high-enthalpy geothermal areas. • Total Indicated and Inferred resource reaches 659 ± 439 MWe divided among 9 areas. • Data from eight additional prospects suggest they are highly favorable targets. • 57 geothermal areas are proposed as likely future development targets. Abstract This work aims to assess geothermal power potential in identified high enthalpy geothermal areas in the Chilean Andes, based on reservoir temperature and volume. In addition, we present a set of highly favorable geothermal areas, but without enough data in order to quantify the resource. Information regarding geothermal systems was gathered and ranked to assess Indicated or Inferred resources, depending on the degree of confidence that a resource may exist as indicated by the geoscientific information available to review. Resources were estimated through the USGS Heat in Place method. A Monte Carlo approach is used to quantify variability in boundary conditions. -
On the Ecologıcal Status of the Absheron Penınsula
Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health ISSN 2474-7602 Mini Review J Gynecol Women’s Health Volume 12 Issue 4 - November 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Rans Zh Aliyev DOI: 10.19080/JGWH.2018.12.555844 On the Ecologıcal Status of the Absheron Penınsula Rans Zh Aliyev* Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS, Azerbaijan Submission: October 11, 2018; Published: November 15, 2018 *Corresponding author: NRans Zh Aliyev, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS, Azerbaijan Introduction Azerbaijan Republic, and more than 2800 ha of soil are more Approximately 40% of the population in Azerbaijan and contaminated.Soil contamination rate is from 1-2% to 30-40%, 70% of the industrial potential are in the Absheron peninsula. depth is 2-3 meters and more. The full industrialization of the In addition to Baku, Sumgayit and Khirdalan, 32 settlements peninsula and the semi-deserted natural habitat have diminished are located on the peninsula.Administrative area of Absheron the possibility of self-restoration of the land. There is no sign of district is 1407.5m2. It is believed that the word “Absheron” is natural ecosystems on the peninsula(Figure 2). derived from the Persian words “ab” and “salam” and translates “salty water.” This name was previously used to refer to the Caspian Sea(Figure 1). Figure 2: Shoot. Photo shows from oil-fired lands in Caspian Sea coast. Figure 1: Course of research and discussion of materials. The Main Causes of Environmental Problems Course of Research and Discussion of Materials The main causes of ecological problems are the pollution The Absheron climate is moderately hot and dry subtropical. -
Volcanes Cercanos Volcanes Cercanos
Localidades al interior de un radio de 30 km respecto de volcanes activos Volcanes cercanos Localidad Comuna Provincia Región Olca, Irruputuncu Collaguasi Pica Iquique Tarapacá Taapaca, Parinacota Putre Putre Parinacota Tarapacá Callaqui, Copahue Ralco Santa Bárbara Bio Bio Bio Bio Nevados de Chillán Recinto Los Lleuques Pinto Ñuble Bio Bio Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín, Sollipulli Curarrehue Curarrehue Cautín La Araucanía Llaima, Sollipulli Mellipeuco Melipeuco Cautín La Araucanía Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín Pucón Pucón Cautín La Araucanía Llaima Cherquenco Vilcún Cautín La Araucanía Villarrica Lican Ray Villarrica Cautín La Araucanía Villarrica Villarrica Villarrica Cautín La Araucanía Llaima, Lonquimay Curacautín Curacautín Malleco La Araucanía Llaima, Lonquimay Lonquimay Lonquimay Malleco La Araucanía Villarrica, Quetrupillán, Lanín, Mocho Coñaripe Panguipulli Valdivia Los Rios Calbuco, Osorno Alerce Puerto Montt Llanquihue Los Lagos Calbuco, Osorno Las Cascadas Puerto Octay Osorno Los Lagos Chaitén, Michinmahuida, Corcovado Chaitén Chaitén Palena Los Lagos Hornopirén, Yate, Apagado, Huequi Rio Negro Hualaihue Palena Los Lagos Localidades al interior de un radio de 50 km respecto de volcanes activos Volcanes cercanos Localidad Comuna Provincia Región Olca, Irruputuncu Collaguasi Pica Iquique Tarapacá Taapaca, Parinacota Putre Putre Parinacota Tarapacá San José San Alfonso San José de Maipo Cordillera Metropolitana San José San José de Maipo San José de Maipo Cordillera Metropolitana Tupungatito La Parva Lo Barnechea Santiago -
Unexpected Coseismic Surface Uplift at Tirúa-Mocha Island Area of South Chile Before and During the Mw 8.8 Maule 2010 Earthquake: a Possible Upper Plate Splay Fault
Andean Geology 47 (2): 295-315. May, 2020 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV47n2-3057 www.andeangeology.cl Unexpected coseismic surface uplift at Tirúa-Mocha Island area of south Chile before and during the Mw 8.8 Maule 2010 earthquake: a possible upper plate splay fault Jorge Quezada1, Edilia Jaque2, Nicole Catalán1, Arturo Belmonte3, Alfonso Fernández2, Federico Isla4 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Geografía, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. [email protected] 4 Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario (UNMDP-CIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (CONICET-UNMDP), Deán Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Argentina. [email protected] ABSTRACT. The Tirúa-Mocha Island area (38.2°-38.4° S) in southern Chile has been affected by two megaearthquakes in only 50 years: the 1960 Mw=9.5 Valdivia earthquake and 2010 Mw=8.8 Maule earthquake. We studied in the field the vertical ground movements occurred during the interseismic period between both earthquakes and the coseismic period of 2010 Maule earthquake and 2011 Mw=7.1 Araucanía earthquake. During the 1960 earthquake, vertical coseismic ground movements are typical of subduction related earthquakes with Mocha Island, located close to the trench, experienced bigger ground uplift (150 cm) than that occurred in Tirúa (-20 cm), place located in the continental margin at the latitude of Mocha Island.