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2 | Conversation TheView Features TimeOf △ 4 | For the Record Voters queue in the Ideas, opinion, Divided We Stand What to watch, read, rain to cast ballots TheBrief innovations  see and do ADemocraticHouse,aRepublican at a public school News from the U.S. 17 | Former Sunday 49 | Senateandamessytwoyearsahead Widows isn’t in Manhattan on and around the world Times editor Harold your typical heist Nov. 6, part of a ByMollyBall26 5 | Will the new Iran Evans: the U.S. can movie surge in turnout sanctions work? do more to protect Howwomenmadehistory across the nation journalists 52 | Eddie ByCharlotteAlter36 for the midterm 7 | The fallout Redmayne is elections 19 | from the exit of Ian Bremmer: tight-lipped about Attorney General why China might Battle for China’s Soul Fantastic Beasts Photograph by Jef Sessions join the Paciic trade Craig Ruttle—AP/ treaty Amixed-martial-artsighter mixes 54 | New novels Shutterstock 8 | The world’s itupwithkungfu from Anuradha Roy 20 | tallest statue in The health ByCharlieCampbell38 and Idra Novey Gujarat, India beneits of nature 56 | Television: My 22 | 10 | Another James Stavridis: Marketing Female Viagra Brilliant Friend, tumble for USA sending troops to Noteveryoneisbuyingadrugthat The Kominsky Gymnastics the U.S.-Mexico claimstosolvethemysteryofdesire Method and The border is a mistake Little Drummer Girl ByBelindaLuscombe42 12 | TIME with ... 25 | Margrethe Vestager, A better way to 58 | The new mover Europe’s antitrust save for retirement in American chess czar than the 401(k) 60 | 8 Questions for ON THE COVER: Illustration by 14 | actor Diego Luna London’s spike Edel Rodriguez in murders for TIME

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BEYOND HATE After fatal shootings at Pitts- burgh’s Tree of Life synagogue and a Ken- tucky supermarket, readers praised Edel Rodriguez’s Nov. 12 cover illustration of America’s own tree of life. “Accurate, po- etic and hopeful,” tweeted @debbie- hupp. Jon Meacham’s ‘We can piece on the link be- do better! CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS Want to be part of TIME’s upcoming tween hate in Amer- #LOVE Optimists issue? Last year’s issue was guest-edited by Microsoft ica and President covers a co-founder Bill Gates. This time around, Academy Award–nominated Trump sparked talk multitude director Ava DuVernay (Selma, 13th) is taking the reins. As part of the multimedia project, she’s calling for 30-second videos that show us too. Stephen Miller of of sins.’ what makes you feel optimistic. For details, entry requirements and San Francisco called BARBARA deadlines, visit apply.time.com/time-optimists-2018 it “excellent,” though PATTERSON, he took issue with Lansing, Mich. TIME POLL the idea that Trump With the U.S. is “novel” in his divi- midterm elections siveness. But Allen R. Fuller of Fairport, N.Y., over, what happens disagreed with the contention that Trump in 2020 is anyone’s represents anything but a “brighter future.” guess—though 56% of American adult Jef Schoenwald of Thousand Oaks, Calif., re- women don’t think marked on the timing of the past two covers: a female President “How ironic! One week the cover story is will be elected about ‘Guns in America,’ and the next it is then, according about death of Americans by guns!” to a national poll conducted recently by TIME and SSRS. GUNS IN AMERICA Readers had thoughtful Women of color and reactions to the Nov. 5 special report on guns MONKEY BUSINESS On TIME.com, Democratic women in America. Ray Erikson, a longtime NRA meet a service monkey trained by the were more optimistic member in North Redington Beach, Fla., Boston nonproit Helping Hands, which about the possibility pairs the primates with people with than white women called it “the most balanced public discus- quadriplegia. Above, Travis Amick, 31, and Republicans. sion of gun culture and and a 30-year-old capuchin named Siggy See the full results

gun violence I have practice having Siggy turn the light on. See at time.com/ TIME FOR SCHWARTZ ROBIN MONKEY: TIME; FOR ANEJA ARPITA DUVERNAY: ‘This article ever seen in print.”Tim more at time.com/service-monkeys poll-women represents Ackert of Orlando, who what TALK TO US noted that he supports ▽ ▽ journalism Second Amendment SEND AN EMAIL: FOLLOW US: should rights, said he was left [email protected] facebook.com/time be in a “in a sad state of mind” Please do not send attachments @time (Twitter and Instagram) democratic about a lack of conver- country.’ sation on “responsible Lettersshouldincludethewriter’sfullname,addressandhome weapon legislation.” telephone and may be edited for purposes of clarity and space ERIC COMERMA, Newport, R.I. The Rev. Greg Bar in Cape Cod, Mass., said Back Issues Contact us at [email protected] or he’s still a gun-control call 1-800-274-6800. Reprints and Permissions Information is available at time.com/reprints. To request custom reprints, Advertising supporter, but the report “widened my per- visit timereprints.com. For advertising rates and Please recycle this spective on the whole issue.” our editorial calendar, visit timemediakit.com. Syndication magazine and remove For international licensing and syndication requests, visit inserts or samples timeinc.com/syndication. before recycling WAITING FOR A LIVER TRANSPLANT? LIVING-DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTS CAN GET YOU OUT OF LINE.

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JACK MA, co-founder of Chinese commerce giant Alibaba, speaking at a Nov. 5 conference about tit-for-tat 80,000 tariffs by China and the U.S. Total passing yards accumulated by New England Patriots quarterback Tom ‘I’M SO Brady as of the team’s Nov. 4 victory over the Green Bay Packers, an NFL record F-CKING ‘I really hope that whatever PROUD OF happened wasn’t YOU GUYS.’ painful BETO O’ROURKE, 1,792 Democrat, thanking supporters in an uncensored televised speech Distance in miles that Ross conceding the Texas U.S. Senate race to incumbent Republican Ted Cruz or at Edgley has swum since June; he completed a swim around least was Great Britain on Nov. 4 quick.’ ‘[It] may be a fully operational ABDULLAH KHASHOGGI, son of Jamal Khashoggi, in a probe sent intentionally to Earth Lowe’s Nov. 5 interview with CNN; he vicinity by an alien civilization.’ The home- and his brother said they’re improvement chain focused on locating the ABRAHAM LOEB AND SHMUEL BIALY, is closing 50+ stores remains of their father, who of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, acknowledging an was killed at Saudi Arabia’s unlikely but possible origin of an object that lew through the solar sys- Istanbul consulate on Oct. 2 tem last year, in a paper to be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters ILLUSTRATIONS BY BROWN BIRD DESIGN FOR TIME FOR DESIGN BIRD BROWN BY ILLUSTRATIONS BAD WEEK GOOD WEEK 1in5 Proportion of all childhood scald burns Highs in the U.S. that are caused by instant- Michigan legalized soup products, according to research marijuana for presented at the American Academy of recreational Pediatrics National Conference purposes

4 TIME November 19, 2018 SOURCES: ASSOCIATED PRESS; CNN; NEW YORK TIMES RED FLAGS The days of U.S.-Iranian rapprochement, which peaked at this 2015 conference, are long over

INSIDE

HOW THE DEPARTURE OF WHY THE TALLEST STATUE IN WHAT A UTAH MAYOR, KILLED JEFF SESSIONS COULD AFFECT THE WORLD IS RAISING HACKLES IN ACTION IN AFGHANISTAN, THE MUELLER PROBE AND HOPES IN INDIA SAID ABOUT SACRIFICE

PHOTOGRAPH BY CARLOS BARRIA TheBrief Opener

DIPLOMACY ging Iran’s already anemic economy from the international banking industry. Iran sanctions test Tehran has seen the value of its currency, the rial, U.S. diplomatic power collapse to record lows of 189,000 to the U.S. dollar—a nearly 80% drop since January. In an economy based on By W.J. Hennigan petrodollars and heavy importing, most Iranians have lost much of their wealth as prices soared for everything T IS FASHIONABLE TO ARGUE THAT U.S. GLOBAL from daily goods to cars. Sporadic protests have popped power is fading, but you wouldn’t necessarily know up throughout the country because of the economic free it from Iran. Over the past six months, President fall. “We are in the economic war situation,” Iranian Pres- IDonald Trump has turned the global inancial sys- ident Hassan Rouhani said during nationally televised tem into a weapon against Tehran, despite resistance remarks after the sanctions were unveiled. “We are con- from virtually every major world power, and he is getting fronting a bullying enemy. We have to stand to win.” results. The policy has triggered an exodus of corporations and inancial institutions that would rather aban- FOR ALL THE ECONOMIC PRESSURE, Iran may yet pull don their investments in Iran than risk U.S. Treasury De- of a victory, for a simple reason: much of the world is partment sanctions. On Nov. 5, Trump’s Administration ambivalent about the U.S. moves. The Trump Adminis- made its boldest move yet, restoring crippling penalties tration’s eforts target Iran’s pursuit of ballistic-missile on Iran’s oil, banking and shipping sectors. technology and its support for proxy militias in But if American money is talking, and many ‘We are Yemen, Syria and Lebanon, which other nations of the world’s big business players are walking, agree are destabilizing the region. But the U.S. it’s less clear whether Trump will achieve the confronting sanctions violate the Obama Administration’s 2015 ultimate goal of his “maximum-pressure cam- a bullying deal with Iran, which brought Tehran’s nuclear paign” against Tehran: diminishing Iranian in- enemy. We program under tight control. Everyone from China luence in the Middle East. have to stand to the U.K. has opposed breaking the nuclear deal The U.S. hasn’t been shy about setting to win.’ to penalize Iran’s regional bad behavior. benchmarks for policy success. On the day Tehran, which for its part has complied with HASSAN ROUHANI, he unveiled the latest sanctions that now tar- Iranian President the 2015 agreement despite the U.S. pullout, is get more than 900 Iranian individuals, busi- seeking to split other countries from the U.S. by nesses and banks, U.S. Secretary of State Mike salvaging a deal with its remaining signatories: ERNST—REUTERS JONATHAN SESSIONS: IMAGES; KENARE—AFP/GETTY ATTA ROUHANI: PAGES: THESE IMAGES; AFP/GETTY PAGE: PREVIOUS Pompeo told reporters, “The Iranian regime has Russia, China, Germany, Britain and France. There a choice. It can either do a 180-degree turn is some indication it is working. On Nov. 5, the from its outlaw course of action and act U.S. granted waivers to China, India, Italy, Greece, like a normal country, or it can see its econ- Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Turkey to allow omy crumble.” them to continue buying Iranian oil despite Pompeo said more than 100 companies America’s sanctions. Pompeo explained that the have already withdrawn from Iran or can- “temporary” exemptions were meant to avoid a celed plans to do business there while over major spike in world oil prices. 20 nations have stopped importing Ira- While the U.S. says such moves show diplo- nian oil, “taking more than 1 million bar- matic inesse and give it cards to play, even Ad- rels of crude per day of the market.” Saudi ministration backers say wavering international Arabia, Iran’s archenemy, has increased its support could undermine the U.S. efort to bring oil production to near record levels amid Tehran to heel. Richard Goldberg, a sanctions ex- U.S. pressure to keep prices down; inter- pert who helped draft Senate bills that toughened national crude-oil futures touched a three- the 2015 deal, said the Administration’s moves on month low of $71.18 early in the week as Iran are important “irst steps” but that Trump expectations of shortages faded. must “continue to build pressure day after day French energy giant Total, Danish ship- nonstop.” Says Goldberg: “Otherwise, the regime ping giant A.P. Moller-Maersk and French will adapt and ind ways to evade.” carmaker Peugeot are among the growing And as the 2015 deal showed, getting Iran to number of businesses to lee Iran under the back down requires a uniied front. “The only threat of U.S. sanctions. And in a remark- thing the Iranian leadership deems more danger- able show of American inancial suprem- ous than sufering from sanctions is surrendering acy, the Society for Worldwide Interbank to them,” says Ali Vaez, the Iran project director at Financial Telecommunication, known as the International Crisis Group. Which means the SWIFT, said on Nov. 5 that it would sus- Trump Administration may yet learn that in the pend an unspeciied number of Iranian Middle East, at least, there is a big diference be- banks from its systems, essentially unplug- tween wielding power and achieving results.  6 TIME November 19, 2018 NEWS TICKER Amazon to double up on HQ2

In its search of a home for its second headquarters—the so-called HQ2— Amazon looks set to spread 50,000 jobs across two locations rather than choosing one city, according to reports. The most likely destinations: Long Island City in Queens, N.Y.; and Crystal City, in Arlington, Va.

More than 200 mass graves Trump and Sessions, at a 2017 FBI graduation ceremony, had a troubled history found in Iraq In Iraq, 202 mass graves containing THE BULLETIN thousands of bodies Trump ﬁres A.G. Sessions, in total have been found in regions triggering a ﬁght over Justice formerly controlled by ISIS, according to the LESS THAN A DAY INTO AMERICA’S NEW, long tried to push Sessions out, despite Ses- U.N. The militants’ postmidterm political reality, President sions’ constant eforts to advance Trump’s campaign of violence “may amount to war Donald Trump announced via tweet agenda, like rolling back civil rights protec- crimes, crimes against that he was iring his long-sufering tions, cracking down on immigration and humanity and possible Attorney General, Jef Sessions. The slow-walking criminal-justice reform. “I genocide,” the U.N. move immediately put in jeopardy special don’t have an Attorney General,” Trump declared in its Nov. 6 counsel Robert Mueller’s probe into groused in September. report on the inding. Trump’s ties to the Russian 2016 election Trump tapped Sessions’ top aide, meddling campaign, raised questions Matthew Whitaker, to be acting Attorney about the independence of the Justice General, a role with vast power over law- Florida Department and upped the stakes of the enforcement and national-security activi- shooter was coming confrontation between the Trump ties, including domestic and foreign terror- known to cops Administration and the new Democratic ist threats, civil rights, federal prosecutions A man identiied by leadership of the House of Representatives. and legal challenges to the U.S. govern- police as the shooter With the midterm results still trickling ment. More immediately, Whitaker may as- who killed two women in, the President moved quickly to remedy sume oversight of the Mueller probe, with and injured five others one of the most troubled alliances of his authority to approve, or block, investiga- at a yoga studio in political career. Sessions, 71, had been the tive and prosecutorial steps. In August last Tallahassee, Fla., had been previously irst Senator to endorse Trump’s presiden- year, Whitaker said in a CNN op-ed that reported to law tial bid. But he became a pariah inside the Mueller’s questions about Trump’s inances enforcement for White House after he followed Department could breach guidelines limiting the probe. harassing women of Justice protocols and recused himself Trump’s move expands what already was around the campus of from oversight of the Mueller investigation going to be a contentious relationship with Florida State University. Scott Paul Beierle, 40, because of his role in the 2016 campaign. Capitol Hill, as the Republican-led Senate killed himself after the Trump, infuriated by what he perceived will have to conirm a permanent replace- Nov. 2 attack. as a lack of loyalty on Sessions’ part, had ment for Sessions. —PHILIP ELLIOTT 7 TheBrief News

POSTCARD Party (BJP) declared Patel’s birthday to be In India, the world’s National Unity Day. And unveiling the statue NEWS ahead of 2019 elections may score with right- TICKER tallest statue heightens wing Hindu voters who are the party’s base. political division But Patel was actually a member of the Facebook centrist Indian National Congress—the BJP’s admits role in THE MESSAGE CARRIED BY THE MILITARY biggest rival today. Critics say the BJP, which Myanmar planes wasn’t exactly subtle. Scattering lower was founded in 1980, is trying to appropri- A Facebook executive petals, they traced the colors of India’s lag ate Patel’s legacy. To them, the sculpture is a said Nov. 5 that the across the sky in safron, green and white crude attempt to rewrite history. “For a party company had failed to plumes. Below them stood the Statue of Unity, that claims to do everything in the name of the prevent its platform a 597-ft. sculpture immortalizing Indian in- nation, they don’t have a past to invoke,” says from being used dependence leader Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Sucheta Mahajan, a professor at Jawaharlal to “incite offline violence” in Myanmar, unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi Nehru University in New Delhi. citing an independent on Oct. 31, which would have been Patel’s Modi faced criticism after photos circu- report commissioned 143rd birthday. Gazing out over the horizon lated showing Chinese workers—who had by Facebook. Human- at Kevadiya Colony, in India’s western state come to lay the bronze cladding from a Chi- rights abuses against of Gujarat, it stands almost four times as high nese foundry—at the site of the statue. That’s the mostly Muslim Rohingya minority led as the Statue of Liberty and dwarfs China’s a source of potential embarrassment to Modi, more than 900,000 to Spring Temple Buddha—previously the who’s staked much on a “Make in India” ini- lee their homes. world’s tallest statue—by 177 ft. tiative. “It is a matter of shame that ‘Made in “This statue is an answer to all those who China’ would be engraved behind this statue,” question India’s power and might,”Modi said, Rahul Gandhi, Congress president, said at a Tanzania anti- in case anyone hadn’t gotten thee SeptemberSeptem rally. gay crackdown idea. The gargantuan sculpturee, Meeanwhile, an even taller and prompts alert which was partly crowdfundedd Statue likely more divisive sculpture of Unity In Tanzania, sex but mostly paid for by the statee, is in thhe works of the coast of between men can lead took 33 months to build and 597 ft. Mumbai.b Scheduled to be done to 30 years in prison. cost $400 million. tall in 2021,2 it is of Chhatrapati On Nov. 3, the U.S. One of India’s founding fa- Shivaji,j a Hindu warrior king warned Americans thers, Patel came from humble revereed for battling Muslim in the African nation to “review” their origins in Gujarat, like Modi. rulers. Projecting Hindu might social-media proiles After partition in 1947, he per- appealsa to Modi’s base. “Take after the governor suaded the vast majority of note ofo the message we are of Dar es Salaam the subcontinent’s local rulers sendingn out to the world with announced a task to join India rather than Paki- this s tue,” an excited BJP force to track down gay people and stan. Modi announced plans supportero at the unveiling

called for citizens to for the statue back in 2010, told TIME. “Just the thought IMAGES HERSHORN—GETTY GARY LIBERTY: OF STATUE DAVE—REUTERS; AMIT UNITY: OF STATUE report anyone they when he was chief minister of of it sends shivers believe to be gay to Gujarat; just months after he Statue down my spine.” the government. became Prime Minister in 20144, of Liberty —ABHISHYANT a coalition led by his Hindu- 151 ft. KIDANGOOR/ tall nationalist Bharatiya Janata GUJARAT, INDIA PEDESTALS Former SS NOT INCLUDED guard on trial in Germany FOOD

A former SS guard Sweet sorrow has gone on trial in On Nov. 1, Hershey’s sparked an online backlash by conirming plans for Reese’s Thins, a —Ciara Nugent Germany for complicity 40% smaller take on peanut-butter cups. Here, other candy controversies. in the murder of hundreds of prisoners MILO MAYHEM TOBLERONE TURMOIL NUTELLA NO-NO at a Nazi camp during Nestlé rattled New Zealanders In 2016, Mondelez widened the A German consumer group set World War II. Johann by removing vanilla lavoring from gaps between the chocolate off 2017’s #NutellaGate when Rehbogen, 94, served Milo, a popular cocoa beverage, peaks on Toblerone bars in the it noticed Ferrero had added from 1942 to 1944 at in 2015. The company said the U.K., citing rising costs. But it more milk powder to the hazelnut the Stutthof concentra- tweak to the 83-year-old drink reversed course in July, saying the spread, turning it a brighter color. tion camp in what is made it healthier and more move hadn’t proved a “long-term Ferrero dismissed fears over the now northern Poland. sustainable. answer” for customers. “ine-tuning.” 40% SMALLER

8 TIME November 19, 2018 CLERMONT K.Y. U.S. WE’VE BUILT A NAME ON BOURBON AND A LEGACY ON RYE.

EVERY B T EARNED

DIED FILED Former U.K. Cabinet secretary Jeremy Grievance Heywood, on Nov. 4, A sport in the of cancer, at 56. Heywood served balance the past four Prime USA GYMNASTICS OVERSEES Ministers, from Tony much of the sport in Amer- Blair to Theresa May. ica, from enrolling member DISAPPEARED gyms to supporting Olympic An islet off Japan’s athletes. But it’s now at risk northern coast, of losing that authority. On which was 4.5 ft. above sea level Nov. 5, the head of the U.S. when it was last Olympic Committee (USOC) surveyed, in 1987. iled a complaint to its board The Japanese coast against USA Gymnastics. guard is looking for The USOC recognizes the the tiny, uninhabited island, which is used national governing bodies to mark the country’s of various sports; the com- territorial waters. plaint is a irst step toward revoking that recognition. REJECTED Independence from The action was prompted France, by voters by USA Gymnastics’ failure in the South Paciic to adequately address an archipelago territory ongoing crisis that emerged of New Caledonia, in in 2015; hundreds of gym- a Nov. 4 referendum. nasts eventually revealed RESIGNED that they’d been sexually James Brady, abused by team doctor Larry chairman of the Nassar, who is now in prison University System Taylor, who started his military service in 2003, deployed to Iraq for his crimes. As the scan- of Maryland’s twice and Afghanistan once before his tour this year board of regents, dal unfolded, USA Gymnas- on Nov. 1; the board tics named as interim CEO has clashed with the DIED an attorney from a irm that school’s president Brent Taylor worked to protect Nassar, over an investigation and appointed a coach who into the death of a Hometown hero football player during had backed him to head a practice. WHEN BRENT TAYLOR, THE MAYOR OF NORTH OGDEN, UTAH, training program. The group, found out that he would be going to Afghanistan—his fourth mil- which faces lawsuits from ARRESTED itary deployment since 2006—he told constituents he was hon- gymnasts for not protecting Six people suspected of planning a ored. “Service is what leadership is all about,” the father of seven them, is “evaluating the best “violent” attack on said in a Facebook video in January. path forward.” If its status is French President Taylor, a major in the Army National Guard, worked to train revoked, U.S. gymnasts will Emmanuel Macron, Afghan commando units as part of a plan to nearly double com- be supported by the USOC on Nov. 6, by mando ranks in the country by 2020. He often shared photos until a new group starts up— antiterrorism units, IMAGES JAAFAR—AFP/GETTY KARIM BILES: OGDEN; NORTH TAYLOR: per French oficials. from his time abroad on social media and planned to return to and,, athletes hope, work as mayor after a year of service. But Taylor, 39, was killed a troubbling RULED in Kabul on Nov. 3, apparently by one of the people he had been era ends.n That the U.S. Fish sent to train. The attacker also wounded another U.S. service —ALLICE PARK and Wildlife Service member. It was the ifth insider attack in Afghanistan in four violated federal laws by not protecting months, and Taylor’s loss served as a reminder of the diiculty the last wild red of the 17-year Afghan war and its toll on American families wolves, by a federal across the country. Simone judge in North His wife Jennie feels “heartache but no regret,” her sister told Biles is Carolina, on Nov. 4. reporters—and that sentiment seemed to echo Taylor’s attitude. The agency planned among to decrease the He told viewers of his January video that his three priorities were Nassar’s wolves’ territory and God, family and country. “I have given my life to serve all three accusers allowed landowners of these loyalties,” he said, “whenever and however I can.” to shoot them. —ABIGAIL ABRAMS

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Europe’s antitrust enforcer competition, and then her rulings are heard in European courts, where plaintifs have the chance Margrethe Vestager to argue their side. In the U.S., it’s a role split between the Federal Trade Commission and the De- mulls her legacy after partment of Justice’s antitrust division. Vestager taking on Silicon Valley says she has “very close relationships” with both. By Vivienne Walt/Brussels But her oice has pursued U.S. irms more aggres- sively than the country’s own regulators. In June 2017, she ined Google €2.4 billion ($2.7 billion) for efectively shutting out competitors on its shop- AS I ARRIVE TO MEET MARGRETHE VESTAGER, ping service, and in July, she ined it €4.34 billion she is bounding down the long corridor outside ($4.94 billion) for creating an efective monopoly her Brussels oice toward a group of German teen- through its Android operating system. agers just leaving her oice. “I forgot to ofer you Her remit also extends to tax avoidance. In these!” Europe’s Competition Commissioner says, VESTAGER 2015, for example, she ruled on a deal Starbucks handing them a box of chocolate-covered licorice QUICK struck with the Netherlands to pay rock-bottom from her hometown of Copenhagen. “You have to FACTS tax rates in the country, where it had its regional try this.” As she races back to her oice, one stu- headquarters at the time. Vestager found the dent gazes after her. “Wow,” she says, through a Early start agreement amounted to illegal “state aid” and mouthful of licorice. “She’s amazing.” In 1998, forced the cofee giant to pay up to €30 million There are few European Union oicials whom at age 29, ($33.5 million) in back taxes. “Our democracies tell jaded teenagers would ever want to meet, let alone Vestager us we are all equal under the law,” she says. “So it gush over. But Vestager, Denmark’s former Deputy became is extremely frustrating when you see that ‘equal Prime Minister, has grown used to getting strong Denmark’s under the law’ is for many, but not for everyone,” Minister for reactions from people, not all as positive. Education and she says. “Most businesses have to make a real ef- Four years after being appointed to one of the Ecclesiastical fort to be able to pay their taxes and make a proit.” E.U.’s more controversial positions, Vestager has Affairs. Though Vestager says she has not intention- become both a global celebrity and a lightning rod. ally targeted U.S. companies, they have been her As Europe’s antitrust czar, she is responsible for Small screen best-known cases by far. The most notorious has Her domestic maintaining a level playing ield for every business political been with the world’s most proitable company. operating inside the bloc’s 28 countries. And in her career helped In 2016, Vestager ordered Apple to pay a record zeal for challenging vested interests, she has taken inspire the €13 billion ($14.8 billion) in back taxes to the Re- on some of the world’s biggest corporations, in- Danish public of Ireland, where Apple has run parts of its cluding Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google. TV drama business since 1980 under a low-tax structure. A Borgen, To many Europeans and Americans, hers is a about a furious Cook called her ruling “total political crap.” voice of sanity in an age of gluttonous proitmaking. female Prime The money now sits in an escrow account while To others, including tech tycoons like Facebook Minister. both Apple and Ireland itself—fearful of losing its CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Apple CEO Tim Cook, business-friendly reputation—appeal the ruling. she is an irksome foreign oicial who has pried into User-friendly This sense of right and wrong was instilled in Despite her their afairs and demanded changes in the way they run-ins with Vestager when she was a young girl being raised in conduct business. “People in the tech industry are tech irms relative isolation on Denmark’s west coast. Her par- not used to being told what to do,”says Thomas as an E.U. ents were Lutheran priests who ministered to their Vinje, a lawyer in Brussels who heads the global commissioner, small-town community. Townsfolk showed up daily antitrust team for Cliford Chance. “She has cer- she admits to discuss their problems. Homeless people “would being an tainly not made friends with Silicon Valley.” Apple user. get food and a beer, and a place to stay for the However, she night,” she says. “Everyone was always received.” VESTAGER, 50, DOES NOT CARE. On a rainy fall does not have Now Vestager is in a position to minister to a day, sitting in a homely oice decorated with con- a personal much bigger population. And she seems genuinely temporary Danish paintings, she describes how Facebook ofended by what she sees. Increasingly, the work page. she arrived in Brussels in 2014 with only a sketchy has veered from her traditional competition port- knowledge of the inner workings of giant com- folio into a much more incendiary issue: data pri- panies. She approached her job based on a prin- vacy. And once again, a U.S. corporate giant was ciple she learned early in life, she says: fairness. found to be a key ofender. In May 2017, she ined Too often, large corporations seemed to trample the social-media giant Facebook €110 million smaller ones underfoot by operating under com- ($125 million) for having secretly shared users’ pletely diferent rules. proiles with WhatsApp, after the company bought So she decided it would be one rule for all. Under the communications irm in 2014. E.U. law, Vestager investigates complaints of unfair Where Vestager led the way, the E.U. followed.

12 TIME November 19, 2018 In May, after revelations that the data-mining personal data, which she believes stiles competi- company Cambridge Analytica had harvested tion. Since international law has only just begun huge numbers of Facebook proiles without tackling the issue, Vestager has appointed outside users’ knowledge during the run-up to the 2016 advisers to help draft new regulations. This, she U.S. elections, European lawmakers summoned ‘It is says, is now her most urgent work. “We are at the co-founder Zuckerberg to Brussels. At a ierce E.U. frustrating end of the beginning of an industrial revolution,” hearing, one politician accused him of creating a when she says. “Tech is changing our entire society.” “digital monster” that was “out of control.” Zuck- you see Yet Vestager’s work might soon be at an end. erberg insisted Facebook’s 2 billion users “own Her irst ive-year term expires in 2019, and her their data.” that “equal bid for a second faces opposition from Denmark’s Not so, Vestager says—that data is currency, under the government, whose blessing she needs; her own and Europeans are giving it up without realizing it. law” is for political party is no longer in power. With her fu- “This idea of services for free is a iction,” she says. many, but ture uncertain, she is racing to inish cases, from “You may not realize what currency you are using, not for her oice illed with vibrant art and objects. but you will be paying, rest assured.” everyone.’ One that sits on her cofee table is a sculpture She believes that there is now suicient discon- of a hand with a raised middle inger. It was a gift tent among users for lawmakers to force through MARGRETHE from a hostile Danish trade union in 2012, while VESTAGER, change. “People now realize, ‘The data is mine. E.U. Competition she was Economy and Interior Minister, which Idonotwanttogiveitawayforfreesoyoucan Commissioner she says reminds her that some people will al- make a lot of money on it, just like as a taxpayer ways disagree with her. “Would Zuckerberg or I should not have to pick up your bills,’” she says. Tim Cook also give you a middle inger?” I ask. As much as curbing monopolies, Vestager wants She laughs, and says, “They would not have the

OLAF BLECKER her legacy to be reining in how companies suck up imagination.”  13 LightBox Mourning again Three days after 17-year-old Malcolm Mide-Madariola was fatally stabbed on Nov. 2 outside a London Underground station, friends and family gather there to pay their respects. Police arrested two teens on suspicion of murder in the case, one of ﬁve fatal kniﬁngs in six days in London. This city has already had more murders this year than in all of 2017.

Photograph by Dan Kitwood— Getty Images ▶ For more of our best photography, visit time.com/lightbox

Jacob Sanchez Diagnosed with autism

Lack of speech is a sign of autism. Learn the others at autismspeaks.org/signs. MEDIA PROTECTING THE PRESS By Harold Evans Marie Colvin was marked to die. She was targeted by Syria’s dictator Bashar Assad as surely as the shadowy powers in the royal court of Saudi Arabia plotted the murder of Jamal Khashoggi. He was dead the moment he walked into the Saudi consulate. She was dead the moment Assad’s artillery picked up her satellite broadcast. ▶

INSIDE

THE HEALTH WHY DEPLOYING U.S. TROOPS HOW THE 401(K) BENEFITS OF TO THE BORDER WOULD HAS BECOME GOING OUTSIDE BE A MISTAKE OUTDATED

17 TheView Opener

A new ilm, A Private War, tells how defames as “dangerous & sick,” while Colvin, in a blazing portrait by Rosamund irresponsible social media escapes liability. It SHORT Pike, thrust herself into six killing zones. She enjoys broad immunity thanks to Section 230 READS lost sight in one eye from a grenade exploding of the Communications Decency Act, a gift ▶ Highlights in her face in Sri Lanka, but she remained from legislators who once dreamed of a from stories on glamorous and graceful. All her life she universe of honest exchanges in search of time.com/ideas was driven by a ierce conviction that only mutual understanding. Meanwhile Trump, irsthand, detailed reporting could make a the great divider, says the mainstream press Accountability diference to lives ransacked by war. “Why is purposely causes division and distrust and is not enough the world not here?” she asked many times— the American people should be grateful for in East Timor, Libya, Kosovo, Chechnya, Iran, his “great service” explaining what is true. While former U.S. Iraq, Syria. He condemns anti-Semitism after Pittsburgh Ambassador to the U.N. Bill Richardson Today there are fewer journalists and pho- but then is reckless in fomenting violence. In endorses holding tographers to report on humanitarian crises. the wake of Khashoggi’s murder, he praised Myanmar to account Their publishers have been deprived of rev- a bully Congressman for body-slamming a for the genocide of enues by social-media juggernauts—and re- reporter (“my kind of guy”). The mood he the Rohingya, he porters and editors are themselves more in creates at his rallies is relected by a supporter warns against its overshadowing “the danger than they ever were. We are inured to in a T-shirt emblazoned “A Rope. A Tree. need to bring about the fatal roulette of reporting, that men and A Journalist. Some assembly required.” tangible improvements women knowingly hazard their lives for truth. Whatever journalists do to protect people in Rohingyas’ lives.” They get caught in the cross ire of a battle- from fraud, cheating or drug dealing or ield; they walk on a land however they risk their mine; they’re mistaken lives in foreign reporting, Why reporters for combatants. But the they’re still “enemies of are impartial majority of journalists’ the people,” in Trump (and deaths are not bad luck. Stalin) parlance. In the wake of Senator They are assassinations. This year the Com- Joe McCarthy’s From 1992 to 2018, committee to Protect Journal- demagoguery, the press was widely bat cross ire killed 299 ists recorded 28 report- criticized for its journalists, 170 on dan- ers murdered because of objectivity, explains gerous assignments. No their work: Daphne Ca- Matthew Pressman, fewer than 849 were mur- ruana Galizia disclosed author of On Press. dered at the instigation of smuggling and money But, he writes, Intrepid Colvin enters a tunnel in Gaza “being criticized governments—often their laundering implicating simultaneously by own— criminal gangs, ter- high levels of the Maltese people with opposing rorists, corrupt businesses, all of them mad- government—killed by a car bomb. In Co- ideological viewpoints dened by a press trying to do its job, inde- lombia, Javier Ortega and Paúl Rivas reported convinced the people pendently winnowing veriiable facts from drug violence—kidnapped and killed. Jan Ku- in charge of the country’s leading news complexity and exposing wrongdoing. ciak, investigating tax fraud among Slovak organizations to stay IMAGES TAYLOR—GETTY JACK CABLE: PICTURES/REDUX; MURPHY—PANOS SEAMUS COLVIN: businessmen with political links, was shot the course.” THE MAINSTREAM PRESS struggles to aford dead in his apartment. Rarely do local crimes this reporting while social media runs amok attract international attention. Most journal- with rumor, hearsay and hate speech. The ists die in anonymity, and their killers escape When players Trump-obsessed pipe bomber suspect Cesar justice. have power Sayoc Jr. had a megaphone on Facebook. Twit- Reporters Without Borders cites these ter refused to pull his tweet inciting assault murders as marks of democratic decline in Eu- “College athletes are on a TV commentator. Alleged Pittsburgh rope, symptoms of antipress rhetoric in coun- taught to conform shooter Robert Bowers swam in the digital tries like Hungary, Albania and Austria. And to the rules,” writes TIME’s Sean Gregory. sewer of Gab, a website favored by neo-Nazis now the U.S. “Respect your and white supremacists. Facebook and Twit- International law prescribes press coach, or suffer the ter endanger democracy itself. Greedy for ad protections in Protocol 79 to the Geneva consequences.” Which revenue, they took money from Russian agit- Conventions. Some 174 nations signed and is why, he explains, prop campaigns designed to hoodwink mil- ratiied it. America has signed but is one of the University of Maryland’s iring of lions of American voters. Facebook allowed only ive countries yet to ratify. its football coach Cambridge Analytica to harvest private infor- after player protests mation from more than 50 million accounts. Evans is the former editor of Britain’s Sunday signaled a new era in Yet it’s the mainstream press, legally and Times and the author of Do I Make Myself athlete activism. morally accountable, that Donald Trump Clear?

18 TIME November 19, 2018 THE RISK REPORT The trans-Paciic trade deal survives, QUICK TALK but the U.S. and China matter more Vince Cable By Ian Bremmer The leader of the U.K.’s Liberal Democrats AFTER MONTHS OF That remains true even if the U.K. discusses why he’s calling delays—and one very signs up to join the trade deal once it has for a new referendum on Britain’s membership in public withdrawal— left the E.U. next year; Abe said in Octo- the European Union after the trans-Paciic trade ber that he would welcome Britain with the ﬁnal terms of Brexit deal oicially has a “open arms.” The added presence of the are reached. start date. The re- world’s ifth-largest economy and a major christened Compre- importer would certainly add ballast to Would another referendum hensive and Progressive Agreement for TPP-11. But the U.K. has nowhere near amount to a rerun of the Trans-Paciic Partnership will come into the economic heft of the U.S. and would first? It’s deinitely not force on Dec. 30, thanks to a herculean presumably still be sufering from its a rerun. There was a lot efort by Japan and its Prime Minister breakup hangover with its own closest of dishonesty during the Shinzo Abe. On Oct. 31, Australia became trading partner, the E.U. referendum in June 2016. the sixth country after Japan, Mexico, Ironically, a country that could pro- Brexit is not remotely like Singapore, New Zealand and Canada vide this deal with that much needed what we were told at the to ratify the terms of the economic weight would be time. It seems absolutely 11-nation agreement; Chile, China. China has been quietly right that the public are While TPP-11 given a choice whether they Malaysia, Brunei, Peru and will lower toying with the idea of joining Vietnam are now on deck. the trans-Paciic deal over the want to accept what’s been The deal sometimes called barriers long run, having little interest negotiated on their behalf, TPP-11 is on track to become and improve in being left out of consequen- or to remain within the E.U. one of the world’s largest- cooperation, tial economic architecture in Do you think the result ever trade deals, covering 14% it will do little Asia. Chinese media reported would be any different? of world GDP and roughly to check the in October that Beijing was Yes. It’s very clear there 500 million people. Had the collateral exploring the possibilities of has been a change in the U.S. joined the original ver- damage a deal it previously called too mood. There is a general sion of TPP planned under of the complex to consider joining. sense that the government President Barack Obama’s U.S.-China It’s hard to see China has made a mess of the “pivot” to Asia, it would have trade war agreeing to the deal’s current negotiation. People are not been even bigger—governing requirements on issues like blaming the E.U. the trade terms of roughly labor rights and intellectual- 40% of the world’s economic output and property protections. But if TPP-11 be- What effect do you think presenting an undeniable challenge to gins to deliver on its economic promise, Brexit will have on Britain’s China’s economic reach. However, Presi- China will not want to miss out and will role in the world? It’s very dent Donald Trump preferred to with- begin exploring space for compromise. dificult to see how it can draw the U.S. from the deal when he took Japan may welcome the possibility of be positive. I think most oice and instead take on Beijing directly, China’s joining up, seeing it as an oppor- people would accept Britain launching a trade war with China that has tunity to constructively shape Beijing’s has become somewhat steadily escalated throughout 2018. approach to global trade norms and rules. marginalized. Britain was For those committed to free trade, a And the more countries join—Colombia, seen as a progressive force, and it was inluencing the deal is always better than no deal, espe- Indonesia, Thailand and South Korea whole of Europe, and we’ve have all indicated interest—the more at- cially when it covers a combined $10 tril- lost that. —Billy Perrigo lion of GDP. But while TPP-11 will help tractive signing up for the new trade deal lower barriers and improve cooperation becomes for China. among the signatories, it will do very lit- But that’s many years down the road, tle to check the collateral damage of the with plenty of thorny negotiations to Cable,C 75, plansp to current U.S.-China trade war. The U.S. overcome. And much depends on how resign once and China remain the world’s two larg- the U.S.-China trade war plays out. The BrexitB “is est economies, and any bilateral tensions forward momentum of TPP-11 is proof reesolved” between them will inevitably have major that other countries are attempting to knock-on efects on the rest of the global hedge. But there’s no real way to reverse economy. A trans-Paciic trade deal does the demise of what was once a global little to change that reality. free market.  19 TheView Wellness

A prescription you can’t ill at the pharmacy By Jamie Ducharme

DR. ROBERT ZARR, A PEDIATRICIAN IN Washington, D.C., often prescribes therapies that don’t come in a bottle or a pill pack. They’re redeemable only outdoors, in the fresh air of a local park. These “nature prescriptions”—spend an hour each week playing tennis, for instance, or explore all the soccer ields near your home—might sound whimsi- cal. But Zarr is serious about his scripts, which are recorded in his patients’ elec- tronic health records. “There’s a paradigm shift in the way we think about parks: not just as a place to try to feel successful about,” he says. to recreate, but literally as a prescrip- In October, NHS Shetland, a tion, a place to improve your health,” THE BENEFITS OF government-run hospital system in GOING OUTDOORS says Zarr, who writes up to 10 park pre- ▽ Scotland, began allowing doctors at 10 scriptions per day. In 2017 he founded medical practices to write nature pre- Park Rx America to make it easier for RELAXATION scriptions that promote outdoor activi- more health professionals to write park Studies have shown that spending time ties as a routine part of patient care. And prescriptions for patients of all ages, outdoors can decrease levels of the in recent years, organizations with the hormone cortisol, lower blood pressure particularly those with obesity, mental- and reduce other markers of stress. goal of getting people outside for their health issues, or chronic conditions like health have proliferated in the U.S. The hypertension and Type 2 diabetes. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY National Park Service’s Healthy Parks Zarr is part of a growing movement Exercise is an important pillar of health, Healthy People program promotes parks to bring the outdoors into medicine. and going outside encourages you to as a “powerful health prevention strat- get moving, whether by hiking, biking, Nobody is claiming that nature will gardening or strolling. egy” locally and nationally. Walk With cure diseases on its own, of course, but a Doc, which sponsors free physician- physicians are capitalizing on the well- SOCIAL SUPPORT led community walks, is now in 47 established mental and physical health Parks are inherently social places. states, and Park Rx, which has studied beneits of spending time in green space. Seeing and interacting with others guards and tracked park-prescription pro- against loneliness—a major public-health A 2017 research review published in the threat—and fosters community. grams since 2013, says these are now in International Journal of Environmental at least 33 states and Washington, D.C. Research and Public Health analyzed 64 MENTAL HEALTH Even mental-health professionals are studies that explored the efects of “for- Research has shown that spending going green. A growing number of “eco- est bathing,”or taking a woodsy walk time in green space can lift mood and therapy” counselors conduct sessions reduce symptoms of depression and while tuning in to nature, and concluded anxiety, including rumination and feelings outdoors to combine the beneits of ther- that the practice is linked to stress relief, of worthlessness. apy and nature. less depression and anxiety, lower blood Plus, these unusual prescriptions pressure, decreased heart rate and more. AWE are the prettiest you’ll ever ill—a fact Soaking in the arresting beauty of Betty Sun, program manager at the BY WRITING nature has been found to lower levels nature prescriptions— of inlammation in the body and spark Institute at the Golden Gate, which alongside pharmaceutical prescriptions, feelings of generosity, perspective runs Park Rx, says encourages people when necessary—physicians are en- and sellessness. to actually do them. “With social media couraging their patients to get outdoors and Instagram, when you see your and take advantage of what many view FRESH AIR friends going out to beautiful places, Pollution is linked to a number of ills, to be free medicine. The speciicity that ranging from respiratory problems to you want to go too,” Sun says. “It’s comes with framing these recommenda- cancer and heart disease—so breathing about making a positive choice in your IMAGES GETTY tions as prescriptions, Zarr says, moti- clean air may reduce your risks. life, rather than a punitive choice—like vates his patients to actually do them. ‘You’re sick, take a pill.’ It just seems so “It’s something to look forward to and much more supportive.” 

20 TIME November 19, 2018 Lost in the Medicare maze? There’s still time to pick a plan.

Medicare Open Enrollment ends December 7th. With helpful people, tools and plans — including the only Medicare plans with the AARP name — UnitedHealthcare® can help guide you through the confusion. Find the Medicare plan for you at UHCmedicare.com or call UnitedHealthcare at 1-855-639-2704, TTY 711.

Plans are off ered through UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company or one of its affi liated companies. For Medicare Advantage and Prescription Drug Plans: A Medicare Advantage organization with a Medicare contract and a Medicare-approved Part D sponsor. Enrollment in these plans depends on the plan’s contract renewal with Medicare. UnitedHealthcare Insurance Company pays royalty fees to AARP for the use of its intellectual property. These fees are used for the general purposes of AARP. AARP and its affi liates are not insurers. You do not need to be an AARP member to enroll in a Medicare Advantage or Prescription Drug Plan. AARP does not employ or endorse agents, brokers or producers. AARP encourages you to consider your needs when selecting products and does not make specifi c product recommendation for individuals. Please note that each insurer has sole fi nancial responsibility for its products. ©2018 United HealthCare Services, Inc. All rights reserved. Y0066_180801_050652_M Accepted SPRJ43704_PSC2068066 TheView Politics

What do we get from this action, The border ight that then? The terrible optics of the U.S. America does not need essentially closing our border with military force—as Mexico copes with By James Stavridis Central American refugees, and both Colombia and Brazil face true refugee I SPENT OVER THREE YEARS AS A FOUR- crises as they seek to accommodate star admiral and commander of U.S. more than 2 million Venezuelans, most Southern Command from 2006 to 2009, of whom are malnourished, the U.N. in charge of all U.S. military forces reports. To a region that has sufered throughout Latin America and the Carib- multiple invasions and incursions from bean. Part of my duties entailed traveling the U.S. military over the past 150 years, WHERE U.S. extensively from my Miami headquarters TROOPS ARE this evokes old, disquieting ghosts. through the countries of Central America that have been WE SHOULD CONTROL cleaved by violence. I have traveled many times through much President our border. But of what is now the route taken by, at minimum, 5,000 mi- Trump has sending the military won’t help that grants traveling in caravans or other groups—mostly leeing said he may cause. And for many of the same reasons, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua—and led deploy as a “big, beautiful wall” won’t work either. the U.S. military forces in those nations. As I look at the plan many as Frankly, we could build a 30-ft.-high 15,000 U.S. to deploy at least as many U.S. troops to our southern border troops to wall along the almost 2,000-mile border to stop what President Trump incorrectly calls “an invasion,” the nation’s (at enormous cost), but here’s a secret I believe we are making a signiicant mistake. border with that I know because I’m an admiral: just These active-duty troops are ill trained, improperly Mexico. These to the left of the wall, there’s an ocean. equipped and badly organized for this mission. They are are estimates If all we do is try to block entryways, of where taught to apply lethal combat power to our nation’s enemies. some of the people will try to get here in a variety of While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staf said on Nov. 5 other active ways—including by sea. that “there is no plan for soldiers to come in contact with im- American There are better ways. We should migrants,” if they do, the chances of their making a mistake military build a “smart” wall that includes some in a tense situation—even if they are operating in support—is members high, solid barriers; lots of unmanned are, from the signiicant. There is no need for imposing this risk on what is Department surveillance in the air, on the ground clearly a law-enforcement activity, one that should be left to of Defense: and at sea; lighter obstructions wher- civilians. If we need more Border Patrol oicers, we should ever needed; artiicial intelligence ana- hire them—not throw active-duty military at the problem. 53,660 lyzing trends and predicting pressure This situation would be made worse by the opportunity JAPAN points; and, above all, a well-inanced, costs. Every day these troops spend deployed at the border— highly motivated, all-volunteer Border away from their families, by the way, as the holiday season 35,369 Patrol force working with local law en- GERMANY unfolds—is a day they will not be training and preparing for forcement. Alongside that smart wall their real mission: combat operations. As I look at the units 26,045 should be a regional efort to address selected for this mission, many of them will have to stop their SOUTH KOREA root causes of migration—crime, drugs, training for deployments to Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria, where corruption and failing rule of law—that we have active combat in progress. They could also instead 14,000 includes the U.S. and Canada as well as AFGHANISTAN be preparing to back up U.S. troops in Korea if that situation our neighbors to the south. heats up again, or training for deployment to the Arabian Gulf 5,200 In the course of my career, I’ve or- as America reimposes sanctions on Iran and tension increases. IRAQ dered our active-duty military into This pseudo-deployment would waste not only dollars—up to many legitimate missions in Latin $200 million this year, according to an independent analysis— American and the Caribbean, rang- but also, dangerously, precious training time. ing from ighting insurgents in Colom- Besides, the likelihood of a true, large-scale mission on the bia to counter narcotics throughout border is very low. The migrants are hundreds of miles away, Central America to disaster relief fol- largely women and children, moving very slowly and seek- lowing earthquakes in the Caribbean. ing only a chance to state their case for asylum and refugee Those were sensible, cost-efective mis- status—which they are unlikely to receive from the U.S. A far sions. This one is not, and the President IMAGES MOORE—GETTY JOHN better solution would be to broaden our cooperation with should reverse course. Mexico, which is handling the challenges reasonably well and following both its domestic law and international policy on Admiral Stavridis (ret.) was the 16th movement of refugees. We could, for example, build refugee Supreme Allied Commander at NATO centers to process these asylum seekers in a humane fashion and is an operating executive at the with both nations’ border authorities working together. Carlyle Group

22 TIME November 19, 2018 ype 2 diabetes, along with diet and exercise, p lower blood sugar

e-weekly Ozempic® is proven to signicantly r blood sugar. Adults with an average starting A1C of 8.1% e-year study, a majority of who reached an A1C of less than 7%: lowered their blood sugar • 66% of people taking 0.5 mg Ozempic® ached an A1C of less than • 73% of people taking 1 mg Ozempic® d maintained it.ª • 40% of people taking 100 mg Januvia®

enotforweightloss,Ozempic® may help ose some weight. People with an average starting weight of same study, adults who 197 pounds lost around: zempic® lost on average • 9 pounds on 0.5 mg Ozempic® 2 pounds.b • 12 pounds on 1 mg Ozempic® • 4 pounds on 100 mg Januvia®

With commercial insurance you may be eligible to Ozempic® does not increase the risk of major cardiovascular (CV) pay as little as $25 for your monthly prescription.d eventslikeheartattack,stroke,ordeath.c

What is Ozempic®? ªIn a large one-year study of 1231 adults with type 2 diabetes when Ozempic® or Januvia® was added to one or more diabetes pills. ® Ozempic (semaglutide) injection 0.5 mg or 1 mg is an injectable prescription bWhile many people in this medical study lost weight, some did gain weight. medicine for adults with type 2 diabetes that along with diet and exercise may cIn a two-year study with 3297 people with type 2 diabetes who had a high risk of CV events and improve blood sugar. were taking their usual CV and diabetes medications were also treated once weekly with either a • Ozempic® is not recommended as the first choice of medicine for treating placebo or 0.5 mg or 1 mg doses of Ozempic®. diabetes. Important Safety Information (cont’d) • It is not known if Ozempic® can be used in people who have had pancreatitis. What are the possible side effects of Ozempic®? • Ozempic® is not a substitute for insulin and is not for use in people with type 1 Ozempic® may cause serious side effects, including: diabetes or people with diabetic ketoacidosis. • inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis). Stop using Ozempic® and call • It is not known if Ozempic® is safe and effective for use in children under your health care provider right away if you have severe pain in your stomach 18 years of age. area (abdomen) that will not go away, with or without vomiting. You may feel Important Safety Information the pain from your abdomen to your back. • changes in vision. Tell your health care provider if you have changes in vision Do not share your Ozempic® pen with other people, even if the needle during treatment with Ozempic®. has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or get a • low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Your risk for getting low blood sugar may serious infection from them. be higher if you use Ozempic® with another medicine that can cause low blood What is the most important information I should know about Ozempic®? sugar, such as a sulfonylurea or insulin. Signs and symptoms of low blood Ozempic® may cause serious side effects, including: sugar may include: dizziness or lightheadedness, blurred vision, anxiety, • Possible thyroid tumors, including cancer. Tell your health care provider irritability or mood changes, sweating, slurred speech, hunger, confusion or if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or drowsiness, shakiness, weakness, headache, fast heartbeat, and feeling jittery. shortness of breath. These may be symptoms of thyroid cancer. In studies with • kidney problems (kidney failure). In people who have kidney problems, rodents, Ozempic® and medicines that work like Ozempic® caused thyroid diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting may cause a loss of fluids (dehydration), which tumors, including thyroid cancer. It is not known if Ozempic® will cause thyroid may cause kidney problems to get worse. It is important for you to drink fl uids tumors or a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) to help reduce your chance of dehydration. in people. • serious allergic reactions. Stop using Ozempic® and get medical help right • Do not use Ozempic® if you or any of your family have ever had MTC, or if away if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including itching, you have an endocrine system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia rash, or difficulty breathing. syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). The most common side effects of Ozempic® may include nausea, vomiting, Do not use Ozempic® if: diarrhea, stomach (abdominal) pain, and constipation. • you or any of your family haveever had MTC or if you have MEN 2. Please see Brief Summary on adjacent page. • you are allergic to semaglutide or any of the ingredients in Ozempic®. dMaximum savings of $150 per prescription for up to 24 months. Eligibility and other restrictions ® Before using Ozempic , tell your health care provider if you have any apply. Full program details and eligibility requirements available at OzempicSavings.com. other medical conditions, including if you: Novo Nordisk reserves the right to modify or cancel offer at any time. • have or have had problemswith your pancreas or kidneys. • have a history of diabetic retinopathy. • are pregnant or breastfeeding or plan to become pregnant or breastfeed. It is not known if Ozempic® will harm your unborn baby or passes into your breast milk. Learn more at Ozempic.com or You should stop using Ozempic® 2 months before you plan to become pregnant. call 1-833-OZEMPIC (1-833-693-6742). Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbal supplements, and other medicines to treat diabetes, including insulin or sulfonylureas.

Ozempic® is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. Novo Nordisk is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. All other trademarks, registered or unregistered, are the property of their respective owners. © 2018 Novo Nordisk All rights reserved. US18OZM00484 September 2018 Brief Summary of information about OZEMPIC® (semaglutide) injection Before using OZEMPIC®, talk to your healthcare provider about low blood sugar and how to manage it. Tell your healthcare provider if you are Rx Only taking other medicines to treat diabetes, including insulin or sulfonylureas. This information is not comprehensive. Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your healthcare provider • Talk to your healthcare provider or and pharmacist when you get a new medicine. pharmacist ® • Visit www.novo-pi.com/ozempic.pdf to How should I use OZEMPIC ? ® obtain the FDA-approved product labeling • OZEMPIC is injected under the skin (subcutaneously) of your stomach (abdomen), thigh, or upper arm. Do not inject OZEMPIC® into a muscle • Call 1-888-693-6742 (intramuscularly) or vein (intravenously). Do not share your OZEMPIC® pen with other people, even if the needle • Do not mix insulin and OZEMPIC® together in the same injection. has been changed. You may give other people a serious infection, or • Change (rotate) your injection site with each injection. Do not use the same site get a serious infection from them. for each injection. Read this Medication Guide before you start using OZEMPIC® and each time you get • Talk to your healthcare provider about how to prevent, recognize and manage low a reﬁll. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of blood sugar (hypoglycemia), high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), and problems talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or your treatment. you have because of your diabetes.

® What is the most important information I should know about OZEMPIC®? What are the possible side effects of OZEMPIC ? OZEMPIC® may cause serious side effects, including: OZEMPIC® may cause serious side effects, including: • See “What is the most important information I should know about • Possible thyroid tumors, including cancer. Tell your healthcare provider ® if you get a lump or swelling in your neck, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or OZEMPIC ?” shortness of breath. These may be symptoms of thyroid cancer. In studies with • inflammation of your pancreas (pancreatitis). Stop using OZEMPIC® and rodents, OZEMPIC® and medicines that work like OZEMPIC® caused thyroid call your healthcare provider right away if you have severe pain in your stomach tumors, including thyroid cancer. It is not known if OZEMPIC® will cause thyroid area (abdomen) that will not go away, with or without vomiting. You may feel the tumors or a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in pain from your abdomen to your back. people. • changes in vision. Tell your healthcare provider if you have changes in vision • Do not use OZEMPIC® if you or any of your family have ever had a type of thyroid during treatment with OZEMPIC®. cancer called medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), or if you have an endocrine • low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Your risk for getting low blood sugar may system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). be higher if you use OZEMPIC® with another medicine that can cause low blood sugar, such as a sulfonylurea or insulin. ® Signs and symptoms of low blood What is OZEMPIC ? sugar may include: ® OZEMPIC is an injectable prescription medicine for adults with type 2 diabetes o dizziness or o blurred vision o anxiety, irritability, or mellitus that: light-headedness mood changes • along with diet and exercise may improve blood sugar (glucose). o sweating o slurred speech o hunger • OZEMPIC® is not recommended as the first choice of medicine for treating o confusion or drowsiness o shakiness o weakness diabetes. o headache o fast heartbeat o feeling jittery ® • It is not known if OZEMPIC can be used in people who have had pancreatitis. • kidney problems (kidney failure). In people who have kidney problems, • OZEMPIC® is not a substitute for insulin and is not for use in people with type 1 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting may cause a loss of fluids (dehydration) which diabetes or people with diabetic ketoacidosis. may cause kidney problems to get worse. It is important for you to drink fluids to • It is not known if OZEMPIC® is safe and effective for use in children under 18 help reduce your chance of dehydration. years of age. • serious allergic reactions. Stop using OZEMPIC® and get medical help right away, if you have any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction including itching, Do not use OZEMPIC® if: rash, or difficulty breathing. • you or any of your family have ever had a type of thyroid cancer called medullary The most common side effects of OZEMPIC® may include nausea, thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or if you have an endocrine system condition called vomiting, diarrhea, stomach (abdominal) pain and constipation. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Talk to your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or does not go • you are allergic to semaglutide or any of the ingredients in OZEMPIC®. away. These are not all the possible side effects of OZEMPIC®.

® Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Before using OZEMPIC , tell your healthcare provider if you have any FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. other medical conditions, including if you: • have or have had problems with your pancreas or kidneys. • have a history of diabetic retinopathy. • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if OZEMPIC® will harm your unborn baby. You should stop using OZEMPIC® 2 months before you plan to become pregnant. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to control your blood sugar if you plan to become pregnant or while you are pregnant. • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if OZEMPIC® passes into your breast milk. You should talk with your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby while using OZEMPIC®. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. OZEMPIC® may affect the way some medicines work and some medicines may affect the way OZEMPIC® works.

complicated criteria for contributions, The 401(k)’s plan management and withdrawals. midlife crisis A more modest—and perhaps more politically plausible—proposal would By William Birdthistle and Daniel Hemel be to maintain Section 401(k) and its counterparts while expanding access to THE PROVISION THAT GIVES THE NAME OF AMERICA’S MOST low-cost, tax-deferred savings vehicles. popular retirement-savings plan, Section 401(k), turned 40 Perhaps the most promising means on Nov. 6, 2018. And in its irst four decades, the 401(k) has of accomplishing that end involves lived an unexpectedly glamorous life. At the time of its enact- the Thrift Savings Plan, a deined- ment, lawmakers anticipated that it would exist in obscurity, $120 contribution plan already available afecting only a small number of corporate executives. Forty to members of Congress and millions years later, 401(k) has become possibly the most famous sec- billion of other federal government employ- tion of the Internal Revenue Code, with well over 90 million The minimum ees. TSP participants can choose from Americans personally participating in 401(k)s or similar estimated a short menu of diversiied index and deined-contribution plans. loss of annual target-date funds. The net expense ratio Section 401(k)’s rise from obscurity to ubiquity might sug- tax revenue for plan participants is 0.033% of as- gest that its 40th birthday should be an occasion for celebra- associated sets, or 3.3 basis points—a tiny fraction with Section tion. But this is no time for popping corks. The provision has 401(k) and of what the average private-sector em- proven to be enormously expensive while also inefective at similar ployee must pay. helping most American workers save for retirement. In short, deined- Congress should grant all workers ac- Section 401(k), passed as part of the 1978 Revenue Act, is fac- contribution cess to the Thrift Savings Plan platform. ing something of a midlife crisis. plans Call it “TSP for All,” or—harking back to the Obamacare debates—a “public THERE ARE AT LEAST THREE REASONS lawmakers should option” for retirement savings. The up- reconsider the provision. The irst is its sheer cost. At the time shot would be that tens of millions of that Section 401(k) was enacted, Congress’s Joint Commit- 4% Americans—from Uber drivers to con- tee on Taxation projected that Section 401(k) would have a The estimated struction workers to retail clerks—could “negligible efect upon budget receipts.” Today, the tax ex- percentage choose from the same menu of invest- penditure associated with Section 401(k) and similar deined- of beneits ment options already available to their contribution plans is more than $120 billion a year. That’s generated elected representatives. by Section almost four times the tax expenditure associated with the 401(k) and Whichever route Congress chooses much debated mortgage-interest deduction. other deined- will, concededly, cost money. Allowing A second reason to rethink Section 401(k) is its distribu- contribution individuals to defer taxes on savings- tional efect. President Trump loves to ask—at least when the plans for plan contributions almost certainly re- stock market has a good day—“How’s your 401(k)?” The an- households duces revenue in the long run. One way in the bottom swer for most American workers is: “I don’t have one.” Most half of the to plug that gap would be to impose a of the provision’s beneits low to households in the top ifth income modest excise tax on 401(k) and IRA of all earners, while households in the bottom half of the in- distribution contributions and withdrawals for high- come distribution capture less than 4% of the beneits gener- income taxpayers—say, households ated by Section 401(k) and other deined-contribution plans. earning more than $200,000 a year. A third reason to revisit Section 401(k) is its ineiciency— All of these ideas would require care- and, in particular, the fact that high administrative and man- 1¢ ful vetting before implementation. But agement fees are eating up too much of Americans’ nest eggs. if we are serious about ensuring retire- The amount According to a 2016 study, 401(k) participants pay an average plan ment security for American workers, fee equal to 0.97% of assets—well above the average expense administrators then the status quo is not a viable op- ratio for mutual funds overall. Put another way, plan admin- and tion. Let’s use this anniversary as an op- istrators and investment managers are taking 1¢ out of every investment portunity for creative reappraisal and— dollar that Americans hold in their 401(k)s each year. That managers ultimately—a catalyst for action. And by are taking might not seem like a lot, but over time it adds up. out of every the time of Section 401(k)’s 50th birth- dollar that day, hopefully we’ll actually have some- SO WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT? Ideally lawmakers would go back Americans thing to celebrate. to the drawing board and overhaul America’s labyrinthine hold in their system of tax-preferred retirement savings. What we have 401(k)s Birdthistle is a professor at Chicago-Kent each year today is an alphabet soup of savings options—401(k)s, College of Law and the author of Empire traditional and Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs for small-business owners of the Fund: The Way We Save Now. and the self-employed, 403(b)s for employees of nonproit Hemel is an assistant professor at the organizations and more—all of which have extraordinarily University of Chicago Law School 25 ELECTION 2018

NATIONThe midterms delivered a split decision DIVIDE that primes both parties for battle BY MOLLY BALL

House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi at an election-night celebration PHOTOGRAPH BY AL DRAGO ELECTION 2018 Byy the time Nancyy Pelosi took the stage at the Hyatt Regency in Washington on Election Day, it was nearly midnight and the panic had passed. After an evening of equivocal results and occasional heartbreak, the House Democratic KEY BALLOT leader was there to assure the cheering crowd that MEASURES their party had won, and she was the proof: Demo- crats, she said, “have taken back the House for the Statewide votes will shape policy American people!” for millions: The message was met with relief more than tri- umph. Democrats had hoped the country would deliver a decisive verdict to President Trump and the Republicans, but it did not. Pelosi’s party took the night’s biggest prize, lipping about 30 GOP- held seats to take over the House of Representa- tives. Democrats won large majorities of women, Marijuana young people and nonwhite voters, according to Michigan became exit polls; ran up the score among voters with col- the irst Midwestern lege degrees; and captured contests in historically state to legalize recreational Republican suburbs of cities like Richmond, Va., cannabis, while Chicago and Denver. They chipped away at the Missouri and Utah GOP’s edge in governor’s mansions, reclaimed approved medicinal Trump in oice. The President’s party typically the Rust Belt strongholds that put Trump in the use of the drug. loses ground in midterm elections because only White House and won the total vote by about the opposition is roused to anger. But these were 9 percentage points. not typical midterms: turnout surged to levels not But a President who turned the election into a seen in decades for a nonpresidential contest. In referendum on himself saw plenty to like in the re- 2018 it wasn’t only Democrats who were riled up— sults as well. The GOP gained ground in the Sen- Republicans, too, came out at high levels, perhaps ate, easily defeating Democratic incumbents in vindicating Trump’s strategy of ginning up his Indiana, Missouri and North Dakota, states that Medicaid core supporters with race-based and culture-war Trump won in 2016 and that he campaigned in just expansion appeals. The nation didn’t come together in agree- days before the midterms. Much of the country’s Utah, Nebraska ment; it drew further apart. America remains, as deep-red interior got redder, and Trump-hugging and Idaho—all Trump revealed it to be two years ago, an angry conservative GOP candidates appeared to turn back strong chal- states—approved and divided country whose citizens blame one an- lenges from talented Democrats—Beto O’Rourke in measures expanding other for its ills. Texas, Stacey Abrams in Georgia, Andrew Gillum access to Medicaid Now, for the irst time in the Trump presidency, in Florida—who had vaulted to national celebrity. to tens of thousands those two sides will square of in a divided govern- Rather than a country rising up as one to re- of low-income ment: voters elevated House Democrats to serve buke the President and reverse 2016, the election residents. as a check on a scandal-plagued President and showed an intensiication of the trends that put his party. While Pelosi called for bipartisanship

28 TIME November 19, 2018 Republican Senate candidate Josh Hawley ousted Democratic incumbent Claire McCaskill in Missouri in her election-night remarks, the Democrats are will include the youngest Congresswoman ever more likely to use their control of Congress’s lower elected, 29-year-old Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of house—one-half of one-third of American federal New York; two of the irst Native American Con- government—to torment Trump. Already, incoming gresswomen; and the two irst Muslim Congress- committee chairs are drawing up plans to investi- women. Texas elected two Latina Congresswomen, gate the President and his Administration, who in Iowa sent its irst two women to the House, Mas- turn are bracing for everything from inancial and Abortion sachusetts and Connecticut elected their irst inluence-peddling probes to potential impeach- Alabama and West black Congresswomen, and Colorado gave a nod Virginia altered their ment proceedings. constitutions to to the irst openly gay governor in American his- The midterms revealed the politics that will in- say women have no tory. Rookie African Americans defeated Republi- form those battles. If the ight was ugly in a year right to an abortion. can incumbents in majority-white districts, from when Trump’s spot on the ballot was symbolic, the (Alabama also New York’s Hudson Valley to exurban Chicago to year to come will be much worse. The new con- granted protections conservative Dallas. But where only a third of con- to fetuses.) An gressional majority looks very diferent from the Oregon measure gressional Democrats are projected to be white and one that preceded it. For the irst time in Amer- to restrict abortion male, the Republican Hill caucus is on track to be ican history, more than 100 women may serve funding failed. 90% white men. in the House, at least 31 of them newly elected The contrast sets up an even brighter divide and representing at least 19 districts Democrats in Washington. The Republicans who remain in wrested from Republicans. The Democratic caucus Congress are the ones in the safest districts, who

PREVIOUS SPREAD: REUTERS; THIS SPREAD: CHARLIE RIEDEL—AP/SHUTTERSTOCK; ILLUSTRATIONS BY BROWN BIRD DESIGN FOR TIME ELECTION 2018

hewed closest to Trump. They embody a party The clearest sign of the movement’s power was now tethered to Trump’s polarizing message of the Women’s March, when millions surged into the racial provocation and stringent border security. streets to protest Trump’s ascension in likely the The Democrats, for their part, rode to victory biggest single-day protest in American history. The on a wave of anti-Trump grassroots fervor two marches drew crowds all over the country, but party years in the making. The Resistance is coming to bigwigs were so oblivious to the budding revolt that Washington, where it will confront a thoroughly only one of the seven candidates for Democratic Trumpiied GOP. National Committee chair attended any of the pro- The Democratic army has its own seasoned tests. The rest had sequestered themselves at a con- ield general in Pelosi, the once and ostensi- NEW ference for Democratic megadonors near Miami. bly future Speaker who knows how to manipu- GOVERNORS In short order, many of the protesters formed local late the levers of power in Washington as well as Races that Indivisible groups aimed at using Tea Party–style anyone. If the 78-year-old pol quashes the mur- captured national tactics to pressure their local representatives. They murs of rebellion in her ranks—at least nine new attention: stormed airports to protest Trump’s travel ban, Democratic members have said they won’t sup- staged sit-ins at congressional oices over health port Pelosi in expected elections scheduled for care and looded town halls to protest tax cuts. Six late November—this young, diverse, potentially Georgia million people signed an online petition calling for unruly caucus will be led by the same igurehead In a contest marked Trump’s impeachment. More than $1.6 billion in of the past 15 years. In her victory speech, Pelosi by concerns over campaign donations was funneled to Democratic vowed to “ind common ground where we can, voter access, candidates through the online fundraising portal and stand our ground where we can’t.” Elections, Democrat Stacey ActBlue. Volunteers used the tech-based Swing Left Abrams refused she said, “are about the future.” But as a new polit- to concede to to knock on 2 million doors in the weekend before ical ight opens in the Trump era, the future looks Republican Brian the election alone. like a pitched battle between two starkly diferent Kemp, saying the Even some of those who initially voted for Trump versions of America. thin margin might began to have second thoughts. “I believed what he require a runoff. said, his campaign promises, to make America great WHEN ABIGAIL SPANBERGER took the stage at her again,” said Mary Joyce, a 55-year-old longtime Re- victory party at the Westin hotel in Richmond, Va., publican voter in the suburbs of Kansas City, Kans. among the crowd were the members of a group Kansas “I feel he’s made a sham of the oice.”In Joyce’s dis- called the Liberal Women of Chesterield County. Democrat Laura trict, Sharice Davids, a gay Native American law- In the days after Hillary Clinton’s defeat, the group Kelly defeated yer and former mixed-martial-arts ighter, defeated Kansas secretary of had formed as a kind of ad hoc postelection sup- state Kris Kobach, a four-term moderate Republican Congressman. port group to talk through the disappointment of a close ally of Kansas also rejected Republican gubernatorial can- Trump’s victory. It morphed into a political force President Trump’s didate Kris Kobach, a Trump acolyte known for his that propelled Spanberger, a 39-year-old former who has taken hard- crusades against illegal immigration and imagined CIA analyst, to Washington. Virginia’s 7th District, line positions on voter fraud. voting restrictions which had been in GOP hands since 1971 and is and immigration. Kansas’ was one of seven Republican-held gov- represented by Tea Party poster boy Dave Brat, was ernorships that Democrats won Nov. 6, including not even on the party’s radar of possible pickups in the Wisconsin seat held by Scott Walker, whom the House. When Spanberger eked out a victory by Florida Democrats inally ousted in his bid for a third term. just after midnight Wednesday morning, it became Former Republican The Democrats lipped control of seven state leg- clear that a wave was poised to wash away the House Congressman Ron islative chambers, wins that will shape education TIME FOR DESIGN BIRD BROWN BY (6); ILLUSTRATIONS IMAGES GETTY Republican majority. DeSantis, a Trump and health care policies for millions of people and The national Democratic rebellion took root in acolyte, edged afect redistricting after 2020. In ballot referen- places like this: aluent communities with two-car Democrat Andrew dums, three red states approved Medicaid expan- Gillum in one of garages and big-box stores, where educated subur- the night’s most sion, three legalized marijuana for recreational or ban women recoiled at Trump’s incendiary rheto- anticipated races, medicinal use, and two raised the minimum wage. ric and lined up behind candidates who looked and dealing a blow to the Florida restored voting rights to more than a million spoke like them. The progressive uprising was a rising Democratic felons, a move that could shape future elections in leaderless movement built on a grassroots infra- star in the nation’s the nation’s largest swing state. structure that didn’t exist two years ago. Perhaps largest swing state. Most notably, Democrats won back states that the most powerful network, Indivisible, grew out had been crucial to Trump’s 2016 victory. In Michi- of a Google doc of organizing guidelines thrown gan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania, Democratic Sen- together by a few Democratic Hill stafers. It went ate and gubernatorial candidates swept Republi- up in mid-December 2016; by the end of January, cans, shattering assumptions that Trump’s 2016 it had been downloaded a million times. victory had ushered in a permanent Rust Belt

30 TIME November 19, 2018 THE BREAKDOWN DEMOCRAT REPUBLICAN

SENATE HOUSE GOVERNOR NEW 35 of 100 seats All 435 seats 36 of 50 ofices 44 up for election 51 222 up for election 196 23 up for election 26

2 Independents 3 Undecided 17 Undecided 1 Undecided HISTORICALLY CAUCUS WITH DEMS CURRENT 47 51 193 236 16 33

2 Independents 6 Vacancies 1 Independent

Democrats made substantial gains in the The midterm curse House and gubernatorial Historically, the President’s party loses ground in nonpresidential elections. races, but not in the Senate

Circles SENATE +1 R +8 +1 +9 No change +1 +5 +6 +9 +2 TO+1 represent midterm gain in seats HOUSE over two +27 D +5 +7 +54 +4 +8 +31 +64 +13 +28TO +45 years 1980 ’82 ’84 ’860 ’88 ’9 ’92 ’94’96 ’98 20004 ’02’0 ’06 ’082 ’10 ’1 ’14 ’16 2018

PRESIDENT 42% 63% 58% 46% 66% 63% 38% 45% 42% 40% and approval rating before REAGAN CLINTON BUSH 43 OBAMA midterm

GOVERNOR +7 D +7 +1 +12 +1 +6 +6 +8 +2 +7TO +8

NOTE: ELECTION RESULTS FROM AP AS OF 6 P.M. NOV. 7. CIRCLE SIZES ARE PROPORTIONAL TO SIZE OF BODY THEY ARE IN. FOR EXAMPLE, A 6-SEAT GAIN IN THE SENATE IS PROPORTIONAL TO A 26-SEAT GAIN IN THE HOUSE AND A 3-SEAT GAIN IN GOVERNORS. GAIN IN SEATS DOES NOT INCLUDE INDEPENDENTS OR OTHER PARTIES. CONGRESSIONAL GAINS DO NOT NECESSARILY RESULT IN CONTROL OF THE CHAMBER. SOURCES: AP; OFFICE OF THE CLERK, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES; GALLUP; NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES

realignment. In many of these races, Democrats es- Tammy Baldwin coasted to re-election with a chewed a focus on Trump in favor of pocketbook is- campaign that focused doggedly on the crisis af- sues. Chief among them was health care: nationally, licting the state’s dairy farmers. In eastern Iowa, polls showed it was voters’ No. 1 issue. It igured in 29-year-old congressional candidate Abby Finke- 57% of federal Democratic advertisements in Octo- 16 nauer beat a Republican incumbent with a mes- ber, a staggering reversal after years in which Dem- sage that emphasized the student-debt crisis. ocrats viewed Obamacare as a liability. Nonincumbent Democrats also adopted some of Trump’s popu- Ignoring Trump was a lesson Democrats veterans elected lism; two years after Clinton was pilloried for her learned from 2016: the way to win, most Demo- Nov. 6, the most ties to Goldman Sachs, more than 70% of Demo- freshman vets since crats decided, wasn’t to crusade against Trump 2010. The number cratic congressional challengers in high-priority but instead to relentlessly address local policy could rise as more races trumpeted their refusal to accept corporate messages. In Wisconsin, Democratic Senator races are called. PAC donations. ELECTION 2018 Senator Ted Cruz of Texas withstood a strong challenge from Democrat Beto O’Rourke PHOTOGRAPH BY BRENT HUMPHREYS FOR TIME ELECTION 2018

Perhaps most important to the Democrats’ victory was their attention to local political needs rather than adherence to a strict ideology. The party’s winners spanned the ideological spectrum, from middle-of-the-road moderates to insurgent liberals like Massachusetts’ Ayanna Pressley. Candi- dates like Harley Rouda in California forged a com- bination path, mixing pro-business rhetoric with support for single-payer health care.

WATCHING AT THE WHITE HOUSE, the President seemed to read the results as a victory that was all about him and his divisive approach to politics. Es- tablishment Republicans had seen the President steamroll their professional politicians in 2016 with a message that emphasized banning Muslims and walling out immigrants rather than the traditional party platform of lower taxes and less regulation. The 2018 primaries, in which Republicans who broke with Trump lost to those who embraced him, made it clear the party and Trump are now efectively one. Even if some Republicans had qualms about this, the party had little choice, given the way the President enthralled the base and dominated the news cycle. At an August meeting in the White House Map Room, two of Trump’s top political advisers, Bill Stepien and Johnny DeStefano, presented him with a midterm plan—a proposed itin- erary of political travel, fundraisers and rallies that would outpace the midterm campaign sched- ules of recent predecessors. They considered it △ GOP insiders reoriented to accommodate an aggressive plan. But Trump wasn’t satisied. Supporters cheer Trump, pointing the President to deep-red areas “There’s not enough,” he said. In the inal six days Colorado’s Jared where he could drive up base turnout—an appar- of the campaign, he made 11 stops to activate the Polis after he ently successful efort that may have saved the GOP base. became the irst party’s candidates in Florida. At the same time, Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan urged him openly gay person the GOP spent hundreds of millions of dollars to focus on congressional accomplishments and the elected as a U.S. trying to blunt the Democratic wave in suburban booming economy at his multiple campaign ral- governor districts.

lies. But the message was entirely overshadowed Trump watched the election returns late into DESIGN BIRD BROWN BY ILLUSTRATION IMAGES; CONNOLLY—AFP/GETTY JASON by darker ones. To confront a caravan of legal asy- the night Tuesday in the East Room of the White lum seekers thousands of miles away, Trump sent House, surrounded by his wife, advisers and three more troops to the southern border than the U.S. eldest children. Stepien delivered running updates has deployed to ight ISIS. He promised a undeliver- on the results. Others, like longtime adviser Corey able tax cut. He mocked the woman who’d accused Lewandowski, told the President he had played Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh of sexual a key role in delivering what they described as a assault, and blamed the media for an attempted as- major victory. sassination of top Democrats by a pipe bomber, who Trump happily absorbed that message, crowing was in fact a professed Trump acolyte. Rather than about his inluence on the trail in a press conference salve the nation’s wounds after 11 Jews were gunned the morning after the vote. “It was a great victory,” down in their Pittsburgh synagogue, he complained Trump said. The White House argued that, in his- that the attack had stalled his political momentum. torical terms, midterm losses were to be expected He tweeted about polls that didn’t exist and warned and Trump’s were far less than in the two wave that police would be on the lookout for voter fraud. elections during Obama’s tenure. They pointed to “Pretend I’m on the ballot,” he told voters at a rally places like Florida and Ohio as proof that Trump in Southaven, Miss., in early October. had energized the party. And in case anyone missed

34 TIME November 19, 2018 The nature of the new Democratic majority may depend on who emerges as its leader. Many Demo- crats beneited from Pelosi’s largesse in 2018, while many others have run as far from her as possible. The party is scheduled to hold a secret-ballot vote at the end of November, and despite widespread grumbling, no one has yet announced a challenge to Pelosi. If she gets the gavel back, she has a track record as a disciplined and efective Speaker, adept at corralling her diverse crew through persistence, favors and fear. Lawmakers and aides say the new House ma- NEW jority’s theme will be accountability, starting GOVERNORS with legislation that includes campaign-inance reform, voting rights and ethics—a reprise of Wisconsin Pelosi’s approach the last time she took control Two-term Republi- from Republicans in 2006. The bills are still being can Scott Walker, who moved drafted, but Democrats expect to introduce sev- Wisconsin to the eral early in the new Congress. Other legislative right by cutting priorities include infrastructure and combatting taxes and curtail- rising prescription-drug prices, ideas some Re- ing unions, lost to publicans also support. Democrat Tony Evers, the state Despite these legislative ambitions, the new superintendent of Democratic majority is poised to spend the bulk public schools. of its time blocking GOP priorities and holding the Trump Administration’s feet to the ire, according to Pelosi and others. Multiple House committees Ohio plan to use their subpoena power in an attempt to Republican Mike curb what they say is rampant corruption. The ef- DeWine defeated Democrat fort will be led by the Committee on Oversight and Richard Cordray, Government Reform. “We need to get in there and the “with me or against me” message he had been maintaining the see what’s happening,” says Maryland Representa- driving since 2016, Trump listed those Republican GOP’s hold on tive John Sarbanes, who sits on the Oversight Com- candidates who had “decided for their own reason the governor’s mittee. “Our job is to put the information in front mansion not to embrace” him, and ofered mocking conso- in a crucial of the American people.” lation for their losses. swing state. Many of the investigations are likely to center For all Trump’s conidence, however, the mid- on the President and his family. Among the possi- terms have made many GOP insiders nervous. ble targets: his inances, including a subpoena for The country’s increasingly young and diverse vot- Nevada his long-hidden tax returns; his son-in-law Jared ers swung hard to Democrats on Election Day, For the irst time Kushner’s security clearances; and the entangle- while the people Trump motivates are getting in 20 years, ments of the Trump Organization, which the Presi- older. The party can’t aford to cede the suburbs. voters elected dent declined to place in a blind trust and which a Democratic And these Republican operatives worry Trump’s governor, picking Democrats allege he has used to proit from his of- dark and divisive message will haunt the party in Steve Sisolak ice. Party elders have urged restraint. “What I’ve 2020 and long after. over the GOP’s been telling my Democratic colleagues and friends Adam Laxalt is that they have a responsibility to use the over- FOR NOW, the action will shift to Capitol Hill, where in a race that sight powers responsibly, in a credible way,” says drew millions in two years of conlict lie ahead. The House GOP, outside spending. former Representative Henry Waxman, who led purged of its moderate, swing-district members, Democrats on the Oversight Committee for over a will be even more ideological and Trump-loyal. In decade. “If they abuse those powers, they will have Iowa, a state Trump won by 9 points, two moder- no credibility.” ate Republicans lost to Democratic women, leaving Beyond the White House, Democrats see a anti-immigration zealot Steve King the lone Repub- target-rich environment in the Trump cabinet. lican in the state’s House delegation. Ryan’s retire- Numerous departments have been rocked by scan- ment leaves Kevin McCarthy, a Trump-friendly Cal- dal, from the Environmental Protection Agency to ifornian, the favorite to lead the minority caucus. Housing and Urban Development. Even the Census, ELECTION 2018

overseen by the Commerce Department, is under ANALYSIS the microscope. “The waste, fraud and abuse is plain to see,” says Representative Elijah Cummings, the likely Oversight Committee chair, “and the most A PINK WAVE important thing for the Oversight Committee to do is to use its authority to obtain documents and wit- nesses, and actually hold the Trump Administration CRASHES ON accountable to the American people.” And then there’s the big one: the Russia probe. Under Republican leadership, the House Intelli- THE CAPITOL gence Committee split along partisan lines and pre- emptively pronounced the matter closed. Special BY CHARLOTTE ALTER counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation hasn’t ended and could soon produce a report on its indings. For FOR THE PAST SEVERAL MONTHS, HALEY now, Pelosi has discouraged talk of impeachment, Stevens and Lauren Underwood have been send- pointing out that she resisted Democratic pressure ing each other lots of emojis. Both were irst-time to impeach George W. Bush a decade ago, but she female candidates running in Republican-held has acknowledged that the Mueller report could districts, part of a nationwide surge of Democratic change her mind. novices making their way in politics. But as young The Democratic base already supports impeach- women running to serve in a Congress dominated ment. Tom Steyer, the megadonor who spent mil- by older men, they knew they each needed a little lions on TV ads promoting an impeachment drive, boost. “Enjoy the feeling, because you DID IT!!” says he’ll continue to pressure his party. “The ac- Underwood, 32, texted Stevens, 35, after her Au- tual remedy in the Constitution is to impeach the gust primary, followed by more words of solidar- President when you have a lawless President,” he ity and a yellow heart. “Keep ighting. Keep going. says. The White House has been preparing for We are going to change the world!” Stevens texted this likelihood. Trump’s lawyer Rudy Giuliani has Underwood last month. openly acknowledged that Trump’s complaints On Nov. 6, Stevens, who served on President about the Russia “witch hunt” are aimed at poi- Barack Obama’s auto task force, sailed to victory in soning public opinion so that any impeachment ef- Michigan’s 11th District. Underwood, a registered fort is seen as a purely political afair. Republicans nurse and former Health and Human Services of- in the Senate, Giuliani argues, will be pressured by icial, scored an upset in Illinois’s 14th District. their base to oppose impeachment, no matter what They’re among a record 84 Democratic women facts come out. who helped their party take back the House of One longtime Trump ally who will no longer be Representatives, even as votes are still being in the middle of the ight is his Attorney General, counted in more than a dozen key races. And while Jef Sessions. Just 90 minutes after his triumphant some of the big Democratic wins came from ex- press conference, Trump tweeted that he had re- perienced leaders, like Michigan Governor-elect moved Sessions, setting up a battle on the Hill to Gretchen Whitmer and Kansas Governor-elect conirm a replacement who will be charged with Laura Kelly, at least 30 Democratic House victo- protecting the independence of the Justice Depart- ries were won by candidates like them: political ment from political meddling and the work of the rookies, running for Congress for the irst time. Mueller probe as it closes in on a inal report. For many of these newcomers, election night Heading into the inal two years of Trump’s irst was the culmination in a series of personal term as President, the situation could hardly be transformations: from citizen to gadly, from gad- more fraught. Democrats and Republicans are as ly to candidate, from candidate to duly elected mobilized and divided as they have been in a gen- representative of the American people. eration. The House is now controlled by Trump’s Like all meaningful transformations, this ardent opponents. A potential constitutional crisis one required persistent struggle. The day after looms. And the stakes for the presidency, Ameri- Donald Trump’s Inauguration, millions surged can justice and the country as a whole just keep into the streets for the Women’s March, the big- going up. —With reporting by ALANA ABRAMSON/ gest single-day protest in U.S. history. Soon, NASHVILLE; CHARLOTTE ALTER/BLOOMFIELD, many of those same women formed local groups MICH.; BRIAN BENNETT/HOUSTON; TESSA to use Tea Party–style tactics to pressure their BERENSON/BOZEMAN, MONT.; PHILIP ELLIOTT/ representatives: thousands of Indivisible chap- DALLAS; and ABBY VESOULIS/WASHINGTON  ters were formed around the country, with a

36 TIME November 19, 2018 1 2

4 3

membership that’s roughly 70% female. In mid- In Georgia, domestic workers contacted more 2017, as the Republican legislature attempted to 1.Ilhan than 500,000 voters and sent nearly 1.5 million repeal the Afordable Care Act, women-led activ- Omar, 36 text messages in support of Stacey Abrams, whose ists made hundreds of thousands of phone calls to Won in Minnesota, will nail-biter bid to become the nation’s irst African- their representatives. By September 2018, more be one of two Muslim American female governor may require a runof. than 42,000 women had reached out to Emily’s women in Congress The political infrastructure that pushed those List, the fundraising organization for Demo- 2.Abby candidates over the line may last, as the grass- cratic women, about running for oice, and 356 Finkenauer, 29 roots groups turn their attention to pressuring female Democrats had iled paperwork to run for Beat a GOP their new representatives on issues like health Congress. One hundred and twenty Republican incumbent in Iowa’s care and paid family leave. Women now make up women also iled to run. 1st District about 38% of the Democratic caucus, according to By Election Day, 183 Democratic women were 3.Sharice Debbie Walsh, director of the Center for American on the ballot for the House. Lawyer and former Davids, 38 Women and Politics at Rutgers University. mixed-martial-arts ighter Sharice Davids, who Will be one of the Stevens addressed supporters late Nov. 6 after won a conservative Kansas district, will be one irst Native American spending most of the night playing Scrabble with of the irst Native American women in Congress women in Congress her mother as returns poured in. “We just elected and the irst openly gay person to represent Kan- 4.Haley the irst woman to Congress in Michigan’s 11th sas. Jahana Hayes, a former high school history Stevens, 35 District,” she said to jubilant applause in a hotel teacher and 2016 Teacher of the Year, became Won a Michigan ballroom in Birmingham, Mich. “I am the daugh- the irst black woman to represent Connecticut district vacated by a ter of a fabulous mother,” she said, choking up for Republican in the House. “That story is not possible in every the irst time. “And make no mistake about it, we

OMAR: STEPHEN MATUREN—GETTY IMAGES; FINKENAUER: EILEEN MESLAR—TELEGRAPH HERALD/AP;DAVIDS: JIM LO SCALZO—EPA-EFE/SHUTTERSTOCK; STEVENS: ERIN KIRKLAND FOR TIME country,”Underwood says. “It’s possible here.” are the defenders of our democracy.”  World THE FIGHT FOR THE SOUL OF CHINA IT’S MIXED MARTIAL ARTS AGAINST THE KUNG FU

ESTABLISHMENT Mixed-martial- arts ighter BY CHARLIE CAMPBELL/BEIJING Xu Xiaodong, photographed in his gym in Beijing on Sept. 11 PHOTOGRAPH BY PATRICK WACK FOR TIME F

FIGHTERS AREN’T USUALLY THE BLUSHING TYPE. But Xu Xiaodong can’t hide his embarrassment when asked about his latest battle scar, a three-inch crim- son railroad track that snakes over his right eyebrow. It was caused, he says, by an overzealous opponent’s knee at a recent training session, during which Xu grappled with four younger mixed-martial-arts (MMA) ighters in quick succession. “I was tired by the end and bam!” Xu tells TIME in his Beijing gym. “Twenty-six stitches!” It’s by far the most obvious of the 40-year-old’s war wounds, eclipsing even caulilower ears and a catalog of creaking bones. But it’s nowhere near the deepest. Xu has spent a lifetime ighting, irst at school and later channeling a red-hot adolescent temper into competitive MMA. But the iercest blows he sufered were far from the ring, when he took on practitioners of traditional Chinese martial arts, known oicially as wushu but more colloqui- ally as simply kung fu. The dispute started with an argument on social media. Xu wanted Wei Lei, a kung fu master in the discipline of tai chi, to account for the outlandish powers he claimed to possess. Wei boasted of using an invisible force ield to keep a dove on his hand, and pulverizing a watermelon’s innards without damaging its skin. The idea that masters of kung fu achieve mystical skills is widely accepted in China; Wei is just one of many making such claims. Xu believes this “fake kung fu” sullies true martial arts. The online quarrel escalated, and before long Xu and Wei were facing of in a basement in the central Chi- nese city of Chengdu for a bare-knuckle match. Xu says he only wanted to open people’s eyes, but the bout was billed as East vs. West, the master of a hal- lowed tradition vs. an alien upstart. In the video of the April 27, 2017, bout that later went viral on social media, Xu takes a standard MMA striking pose. Wei shules to and fro with both arms raised like a praying mantis. After sizing each other 39 World

up for a few seconds, Xu advances, furiously hurl- ing punches at Wei’s head. The tai chi master in- stantly tumbles onto the checkerboard matting. Xu leaps forward and rains down blows on his opponent until the referee stops the ight. Victory had taken 20 seconds. The bout left Xu with barely a scratch but a life in tatters. The video quickly became a viral sensation on China’s social-media platforms. Online trolls accused Xu of humiliating traditional Chinese culture, and he found he was banned from social media. The Chinese Wushu Association condemned the “suspected illegal actions that violate the morals of martial arts.” He and his family received death threats. Many wanted a rematch. One aggrieved Chinese entrepreneur ofered $1.45 million to any ighter who could defeat Xu. Other tai chi practitioners began challenging Xu both online and in person, setting up camp outside the MMA gym in Beijing that he manages. Some brazenly wandered in to pick ights. Xu insists his aim was not to disparage Chinese martial arts, but to show that what is often sold as a powerful ighting skill is useless in actual close combat situations. But his eforts were framed by his critics as placing the Western culture of MMA above cherished Eastern traditions—a peridious sin in an increasingly nationalist China. President Xi Jinping has made reviving traditional Chinese culture a sig- nature policy, deploying kung fu to boost the nation’s “soft power” overseas. Now, here was a man apparently dedicated to exposing it as a fraud. “A lot of people have been brainwashed by these fake kung fu masters,” says Xu, who broke his silence to talk to TIME. “I’m trying to wake them up and let them know what real traditional kung fu actually is.”

THE SUPPOSEDLY 4,000-YEAR-OLD ROOTS of kung fu can still be glimpsed in China’s Henan province, home of the fearsome ighting monks of Shaolin Bud- dhism. Dating from A.D. 495, the Shaolin temple is △ work. Novices put on kung fu shows where they perched on the west side of the forested Mount Song- In footage tumble through the air, shatter metal bars over skulls shan, one of China’s so-called ive Sacred Mountains. posted and bend wooden spears with throats. Lithe per- According to legend, the monastery’s ighting on social formers adopt animalistic ighting styles, like mon- prowess evolved from perfecting household chores media, Xu key, leopard and leaping bullfrog. The reputation of like sweeping, fetching buckets of river water and squares up the Shaolin monks has traveled far and wide; orga- collecting irewood. Feuding warlords would eagerly to Wei (top); nizations using its name are all across China and the 20 seconds petition the warrior monks’ help for their bloody world. There are now around 140 Shaolin schools in later, the campaigns. Even after the Shaolin temple was routed ight is over 70 nations, according to local media. for subversive activities during the Qing dynasty, its (bottom) In the U.S. kung fu entered the culture in the inluence spread as its monastic diaspora journeyed 1960s and ’70s, partly due to Bruce Lee, the U.S.- across the Middle Kingdom and as far as Japan. born actor and martial artist who starred in cult mov- Today, life inside the temple begins before day- ies Enter the Dragon and Fist of Fury. His popularity break, when the hundred resident monks shule into helped pave the way for actors like Jackie Chan and the central shrine to perform a 5 a.m. ritual. Kneel- Jet Li to turn kung fu expertise into Hollywood star- LINUS JI/YOUTUBE (2) ing before golden statues of the Buddha, they chant dom. In the 1990s, hip-hop group the Wu-Tang Clan melodic rites accented by drum and cymbal, beneath littered their music with references to the Shaolin bronze eigies of the order’s iconic warrior brethren. temple and samples from Chinese kung fu movies. Later, the tourists arrive and the monks get to But kung fu’s cultural reputation has taken a

40 TIME November 19, 2018 battering with the rise of MMA, and in particular as the Chinese government is weaponizing kung the Ultimate Fighting Championship. The irst UFC fu for its own propaganda purposes. This year, the tournament in 1993 was billed as pitting diferent Shaolin temple controversially lew the Chinese na- martial art styles against one another, featuring tional lag for the irst time, illustrating its “patriotic” experts in kung fu, karate, wrestling and even sumo. credentials under the auspices of the all-powerful In the end, Brazilian jujitsu reigned supreme. Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Jackie Chan, the A quarter of a century later, MMA rivals boxing in Hong Kong–born actor among the most beloved global popularity, augmented by the booming celeb- icons in kung fu, became a political adviser to the rity of stars like Conor McGregor and Ronda Rousey. party in 2013 and now regularly appears on its behalf. Many fans prefer the intensity of the format and In this context, it’s easy to see why Xu weathered stripped-down rules. Brazilian jujitsu, Thai kickbox- such a backlash. His mission to expose unscrupulous ing and wrestling remain the pillars of MMA ighting. kung fu masters was a threat to the cultural outreach The luid acrobatics of wushu barely feature. of the CCP. The idea that kung fu is unique, with In China, kung fu remains a powerful draw. A perhaps otherworldly elements, gives it popular cur- study by Chinese Internet giant NetEase estimated rency that sets it apart from Western combat skills. the wushu industry’s worth at billions of dollars, in- “Everybody thinks that in Shaolin there’s some se- cluding ilm, television, education, tourism and re- cret knowledge that nobody wants to teach to oth- tail. Its oicial association boasts of 2 million full- ers, especially the ‘evil foreigners,’” says Marta Nes- time students at 12,000 academies. But MMA is kovic, 26, a Serbian doctorate student who’s training catching up, with several rival promotions vying for at the temple for her ieldwork on Shaolin kung fu. supremacy. When Canadian MMA ighter Vaughn Even veterans of other forms of pugilism believe. “Blud” Anderson moved to Beijing in 2008, there “I know Chinese MMA ighters who believe there are were maybe ive MMA contests all year. Now there kung fu experts who live in mountain caves and can can be 10 in a weekend. “It’s growing faster here than disappear and reappear at will,” says Anderson. He anywhere else in the world,” he says. ‘XU IS DOING suspects ancient kung fu morphed toward the caba- Shaolin temple abbot Shi Yong Xin tells TIME listic because modern weaponry was making hand- kung fu can’t be compared to MMA because its THE RIGHT THING to-hand combat less relevant. “It just isn’t eicient true essence is spiritual rather than simply physi- BY FIGHTING as a form of full-contact combat with a resisting op- cal, bringing not superpowers but inner peace. But ponent,” he says. “Bullfrog kung fu cannot be what many people in China still give credence to the idea FAKE KUNG FU.’ defended the empire.” that the most skilled practitioners have supernatural abilities, and there’s no shortage of self-styled mas- SHI YONG XIN, PROVING THAT to nationalistic Chinese will be dii- ters willing to go along with the ruse. A quick glance abbot of the cult, but Xu has dedicated himself to trying. After his on YouTube reveals kung fu masters with claims of Shaolin temple defeat of Wei, police stopped a second bout against telekinesis and “shamanic dances that open up other tai chi master Ma Baoguo, and the mounting oppro- realms of existence.” Some make money by promis- brium forced Xu to retreat from public gaze. ing to train others, and many have passionate dis- Yet he can claim a partial success. In November ciples; the defeated Wei, for example, has 94,000 2017, China’s General Administration of Sport issued followers on China’s Twitter-like microblog Weibo. a directive apparently in response to Xu’s bout with The Shaolin temple itself is not free of commer- Wei, clamping down on self-appointed masters and cialization. As the monks practice before rapt audi- demanding practitioners “build correct values about ences, hawkers brandish DVDs. Shi himself has a martial arts.” But it also banned unauthorized ights, gold-embossed business card with no less than three in a bid to stile debate about the relative merits of QR codes on it. But he says crooked kung fu prac- traditional and modern martial arts. On Nov. 5, Xu titioners and teachers often use the temple’s name heard he was barred “indeinitely” from organizing without permission. “I had one worker who wasn’t tournaments for ighters at his gym. even a monk but quit and started his own Shaolin Nevertheless, Xu is continuing his personal cam- school,” he says bitterly. paign. In April, he fought and defeated kung fu mas- So Shi backs Xu’s campaign to rid kung fu of de- ter Ding Hao in under two minutes, and he’s plan- ceptive practitioners, like the female tai chi master ning another bout against what he says will be three who claims she can repel 12 opponents without using “top, top” kung fu masters in a single day. He hopes her hands. “He’s a good guy, even though he’s a to- that each victory will stile his dissenters and restore tally amateur MMA ighter,” Shi says, before quip- normality to his life. Defeat isn’t an option, he says. ping to a fellow monk that “a hundred people in “I cut their way of making money by exposing them,” Henan province alone” could defeat Xu. But over- he says. “So I cannot stop, as then the whole weight all, concedes the abbot, “Xu is doing the right thing of pressure will come crushing down on me. I have by ighting fake kung fu.” no choice but to keep on ighting.” —With reporting Xu’s battle is increasingly a lonely one, however, by ZHANG CHI/BEIJING  41 Society

CINDY ECKERT IS BETTING THAT A PILL CAN BOOST SELLING DE

A WOMAN’S SEX DRIVE. SCIENTISTS AREN’T SO SURE

BY BELINDA LUSCOMBE

THERE ARE TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT pelvic-loor muscles. about pink. One is that it is the color of These are not just products for women; bubble gum and Barbie. Cindy Eckert’s they’re products that give women more view is that it is the color of business. It autonomy and, in particular, more agency is a dominant presence at the oices of over their bodies and sexual choices. And her Raleigh, N.C., venture-capital irm, their development is being funded by the Pink Ceiling, a fund that advertises Eckert’s controversial attempt to answer its main goal as “to make women really one of the biggest mysteries of the human f-cking rich.” It’s an even more dominant body: What is the source of female desire? presence on Eckert, who deies people to In August 2015, when she was observe the taboo on assessing anyone— Cindy Whitehead, Eckert got the drug especially a woman—by their clothes. Addyi, a (pink) pill engineered to rev She wears some hue of pink every up the sex drive of premenopausal working day, accessorized with hot pink women, approved by the Food and Drug nails, lipstick and shoes. Even her hair Administration (FDA). Within a week, the seems to have a fuchsia sheen. In the pharmaceutical giant Valeant bought the pharmaceutical circles in which Eckert drug’s owner, Sprout Pharmaceuticals, operates, among the white coats and a company Eckert had started with her the navy suits, that shade of pink invites then husband Robert Whitehead. It paid judgment. And underestimation. She is $1 billion. Eckert, now divorced, is using ine with that. her share of this windfall to try to bottle Through the irm’s “Pinkubator,” lightning again, to develop and market Eckert, 45, is helping bring to mar- products that others overlook because ket such innovations as a lushable they’re by or for women. pregnancy test, a decal that can de- At least, that’s her story. tect a rape drug from a drop of a drink, There’s another story that her critics, shelf-stable human milk products for most of whom are women, like to tell, in babies and a device that helps train which Eckert’s brand of hyperfeminized

PHOTOGRAPH BY NATALIE KEYSSAR FOR TIME Sprout CEO Eckert promotes sexual agency for women, but her marquee product raises a feminist conundrum

SIRE Society

pink power is razzle-dazzle and huckster- the ield, surmised that “research has not ism. They believe that libanserin, the conclusively demonstrated that biology is generic name for Addyi, which had been among the primary mechanisms involved turned down twice by the FDA, should in inhibiting sexual desire in women.” never have been approved. One of her THE If the problems aren’t biological, then critics goes so far as to compare Eckert medication is unlikely to work. to Elizabeth Holmes, the now disgraced OTHER Eckert brushes of her learned naysay- head of blood-testing company Theranos. PILL ers. She has never shied from conlict. In The drug approaches sex by altering fact, in 2017 she sued Valeant, from which the most relevant organ. Unlike Viagra, Flibanserin, marketed as Addyi, she had been ired, for mishandling the which has physiological efects on men’s is back in Eckert’s hands drug’s launch. To settle the suit, in No- genitals, Addyi works on the vember 2017, the company sim- brain; it was originally researched ply gave back to Eckert the drug to treat depression. Flibanserin for which it had paid $1 bil- increases production of dopamine lion two years before. For free. (the neurotransmitter that gov- It threw in a $25 million loan to erns motivation and anticipation) help her with the relaunch. Why? and regulates serotonin (which Partly to get rid of a dead weight. governs self-consciousness and Addyi made less than $10 million mood). Eckert points to brain last year. By comparison, Viagra scans that suggest these are the has never had less than $1 billion systems that are malfunctioning in annual sales. in women who have hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), HAVING WALKED AWAY with a the otherwise unexplained loss huge payof, Eckert is now back in of libido that Addyi is marketed the fray. Her plans are ambitious. to treat. She wants to use the Internet to But the science of desire— circumvent the awkward inter- women’s or men’s—is very much action that a woman has with a up for debate. Not everyone agrees doctor when the topic is sex and that HSDD is a disease. “These are the- the need is for more of it. Instead, visi- oretical speculations that have been 10% tors to Addyi’s website who give the right grabbed onto by a desperate sexologist answers to a few queries—Would you like and desperate pharmaceutical-industry Pharmacies that stocked to increase your sexual desire? Why do you people who want to ind more certainty in Addyi after its launch, want to increase your sexual desire?—are a very murky area,” says Leonore Tiefer, according to Eckert directed to the Care XD website, where a therapist, researcher and educator who they are connected with a doctor. After a opposed the approval of libanserin. telemedicine conversation (a consultation “There’s no measure of this dopamine- 80% over the phone or video chat), that doc- serotonin model speculation.” tor can prescribe Addyi to be delivered to Indeed, if the biological mechanisms Addyi prescriptions that the customer’s door. Sprout is also low- behind women’s desire are poorly went unilled in 2016, ering the price, from $800 per month to understood, the role of neurobiology according to Valeant $400, or $99 if users don’t have insurance. is even less so. According to Rosemary On Nov. 1, the pastel-shaded, millennial- Basson, director of the University of friendly online mail-order pharmacy Hims British Columbia’s Sexual Medicine 32% launched Hers, a website for women’s inti- Program, many people actually feel mate needs, and is promoting Addyi heav- Women ages 18 to 59 who desire only after they have started making reported a problem with ily. “Given that men have 26 medications love. There is no benchmark amount decreased sexual desire, to address their sex drive,” says Hers brand of sex drive against which women can in a 1999 study lead Hilary Coles, echoing Eckert’s signa- measure theirs. “[The pharmaceutical] ture spiel closely, “we felt almost an obli- industry wants that easy desire typical gation to give women an option.” of early relationships that seems to be This downsizing of the role of the doc- innate ... to be the ‘normal’ state and tor in prescribing libanserin does not

to ind a drug that will replicate that,” sit well with many in the ield of sexual JILLIAN CLARK Basson told TIME in an email. In June, medicine. Given that the drug has the po- an article in the Archives of Sexual tential for serious side efects, including Behavior, the most respected journal in passing out (it comes with a black-box 44 TIME November 19, 2018 warning, the strictest of the FDA’s cau- the absence of desire is a burden. “The normal, not a case of HSDD. Neverthe- tion labels, which advises users to abstain hallmark characteristic [of HSDD] is less, since starting on Addyi, which she from “things that require clear thinking” distress,” she says. “I saw women who’d takes every other day, Wilson’s sexual fre- for six hours), the dangers of taking it lost their sense of self—they had in many quency has increased from once a month, could outweigh potential beneits. Unlike cases lost marriages over this, because she says, to at least once a week. Viagra, Addyi has to be taken every night, when things deteriorate in the bedroom Given testimonials like that, Eckert and its users should not drink alcohol. they break down over the breakfast and her investors believe that Addyi And nobody has revised the drug’s tepid table too. And I struggle to understand failed the irst time not because it didn’t reviews: it didn’t work for all women, and objection to women having choice. If work but because it was mishandled by those for whom it worked reported hav- she doesn’t want it, she doesn’t take it. Valeant, which became mired in a price- ing only one more “sexually satisfying It’s her call.” gouging scandal that led to the exit of event” every month. None of this dissuades her detractors the CEO within months of its acquisi- But the Sprout CEO is undaunted. from their belief that Eckert is no cham- tion of Addyi. The corporate turmoil Visits to the website are up since the re- pion of women. Before founding Sprout, might have been a distraction that un- launch. There are now 20,000 certiied she and Whitehead marketed a long- dercut the product’s launch. “Valeant Addyi subscribers in the U.S. The drug is acting testosterone implant known as went through an extraordinary circum- about to launch in Canada, and Eckert is Testopel. Their techniques drew a warn- stance,” says Eckert. “We don’t have a working on Europe. Sprout has submit- ing from the FDA, which said that in a picture yet of how Addyi will perform.” ted new alcohol-interaction studies to pitch to doctors they had overstated the the FDA. “People have said to me, Why drug’s beneits, understated its risks and IN SO MANY WAYS, Eckert is exactly are you such a crusader in this? Nobody’s promoted unauthorized uses. The mate- the type of hero women need to change going to lose their life,” she says. “And my rial was quickly amended, Eckert says, the way the culture talks about female answer to them is, they may well lose their and had been sent to only 150 M.D.s. sexuality: she’s industrious, iconoclastic life as they know it.” (She and Whitehead are both still inves- and stubborn. Her unwillingness to back One big change since the drug’s tors in Sprout. Eckert is engaged to an- down in the face of authority can be an irst launch is the nature of the discus- other entrepreneur, Justin Miller, whose asset. Her older brothers, Doug and Brian, sion about women’s sexual agency. The current product is premade cookie tell the story of the year in Fiji she had #MeToo movement lifted a prohibition mixes for dogs.) to go to the principal’s oice instead of on talking about intimate experiences, But it’s not as if sex therapists don’t home-ec classes every day, because on especially acknowledging negative ones. have a inancial stake here either, if their the irst day of school, when it was her That may play in Addyi’s favor. Eckert clients can be cured by medication. One turn to stand and talk about her father’s uses the language of the movement in user, Michelle Wilson, 47, of Florida, who job (he was the ambassador), she instead her pitch. “We will pick up the much has been on Addyi for 20 months, says announced that the exercise was point- needed and long overdue conversation” she never even considered trying therapy, less. According to her brothers, this was about sexual-desire disorders in women, because her lack of desire arrived with to protect the girl next to her who didn’t she says, and get past “the shameful si- menopause and felt to her like a physical want to tell everyone her dad drove a taxi. lence of feeling it’s taboo societally to talk issue. “You have to have a need or urge She knew something about the exer- about what [women] are dealing with.” or want,” she says. “A sex therapist is not cise her teacher didn’t—that it was not a Expecting women to have sex when they going to help you in having that desire on fun way for everyone to discuss their fam- don’t feel desire, she says, sounds like your own.” A tapering-of of libido after ily. She understands the power of pink in “the Harvey Weinstein defense.” menopause is generally considered to be a way others don’t—that a bold color can Her critics counter that Addyi treats be a camoulage. So it would be nice to a standard female condition—almost think she had also stumbled onto the key a third of women ages 18 to 59 report a to the puzzle of female desire—that it can problem with decreased sexual desire— be unlocked with a prescription. as if it were a disease and makes women But it could also be that Eckert, as her feel dysfunctional just for being women. critics say, is using women’s libido and Others say low desire is much more likely sexual agency the way she uses color, to to be caused by underlying psychological THE SCIENCE OF capture attention and sell. Either way, issues—including poor body esteem, re- Eckert has picked a very diicult battle to lationship diiculties and a lack of sexual win. “In the medical system, if I’m asked agency—and should not be pathologized. DESIRE—WOMEN’S about sex I’m asked three questions,”she They make their own #MeToo case: that says. “Are you sexually active? Do you women have the right to say no to sex OR MEN’S—IS want birth control? And do you want to without being thought of as abnormal or be tested for STDs?” in need of ixing. VERY MUCH UP She wants there to be one more: Are Eckert argues that the drug is you satisied? The answer to that ques- prescribed only to women for whom FOR DEBATE tion may not be found in a pill.  45 © KEVIN ARNOLD; © WALTER P. AFABLE Everyday, everywhere, our connections to nature are inﬁ nite. Healthy forests capture and slowly release rainwater into rivers and aquifers—providing reliable water that farmers use to grow the food we eat. Working together, we can build a planet where people and nature thrive.

Explore the inﬁnite ways you can connect with nature at nature.org.

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INSIDE

THE NEW HARRY POTTER ANURADHA ROY’S GRIPPING HBO BETS BIG ON PREQUEL, FANTASTIC BEASTS, NOVEL TELLS A CENTURY A DAZZLING ELENA HAS A SECRET OR TWO OF INDIAN HISTORY FERRANTE ADAPTATION

PHOTOGRAPH BY DYLAN COULTER TimeOf Opener

MOVIES A heist movie about more than the cash By Eliana Dockterman

IDOWS DECLARES ITS INTENTIONS EARLY. In the ilm’s opening moments, a career thief named Harry (Liam Neeson) and W his wife Veronica (Viola Davis) share a passionate, prolonged kiss. Director Steve McQueen then cuts quickly back and forth between their intimate embrace and the chaos of one of Harry’s robberies as it goes awry. There’s a violent shoot-out, and the crew is killed. Veronica and three other women are left widowed. It’s a startling sequence—but the intensity of the kiss may surprise audiences more than the bloodshed. “You don’t see couples over 40 kissing like that onscreen,” says Davis. “And you deinitely don’t see interracial couples kissing like that.” The scene, she says, captures the stakes of the ilm. “It wakes people up to the fact that this isn’t a typical action movie,” she says. “They’re not just going to be able to eat their popcorn and enjoy watching someone’s head get blown of.” There will be devastating consequences. Widows is nominally a heist movie, following the be- reft wives (Davis, Michelle Rodriguez and Elizabeth Debicki, plus Cynthia Erivo as a woman pulled into their midst) as they attempt to pull of a robbery to settle their late husbands’ debts. They plot their scheme against the backdrop of a corrupt election between a political scion (Colin Farrell) and a crime boss (Brian Tyree Henry). △ Job or Ocean’s 11, one that hinged on the And purely in that capacity, as a thriller, it’s a great one. From left: aha moment when the ruse is revealed; The picture surges forward with the speed of a mad get- Rodriguez takes instead, he wanted to use the formula away driver, and the twists along the way will give view- direction from as an engine to drive real human drama. ers heart palpitations. But Widows has grander ambitions McQueen, with Flynn didn’t take much convincing. than that. It’s a grownup drama that tackles a host of se- Debicki and Davis “I’m not a heist-movie person,” Flynn rious issues—race, class, gender, politics, religion, vio- admits. “I didn’t want to write the safe- lence, police brutality, grief—all while remaining ridicu- cracker and the tech person. I wanted lously entertaining. “I wanted to get the biggest, broadest to explore what it would actually look audience I could possibly get,” says McQueen, “while like for this group of women to come at the same time not letting go of the things I believe in together by necessity.” FOX CENTURY 20TH WIDOWS: GUARDIAN/EYEVINE/REDUX; PAGE: PREVIOUS intellectually, philosophically, politically.” This might seem an unlikely move for McQueen, whose WIDOWS ISN’T a rallying cry for female last ilm, the harrowing 12 Years a Slave, earned him a Best unity and empowerment. It’s a story Picture Oscar in 2014. But he fell in love with the Brit- about women of diferent races and ish television series on which Widows is based at 13, as he classes who chafe as they struggle to sprawled in front of the television on his mother’s spiral work together. And while they do ind carpet in West London in the ’80s. “Until then, I had been some common ground, building rela- projecting myself on people like Sean Connery as James tionships isn’t the point. “They bond Bond,” he says. “So I felt this kinship with these women over some things,” says Erivo, who plays who had to circumvent the stereotypes put upon them, getaway driver Belle. “The two single just as I always had.” For years he had wanted to update moms both know what it’s like to try the story to tackle modern political issues. to ind someone to look after their kids McQueen recruited Gillian Flynn, author of Gone Girl, while they go to work to make ends to co-write the movie. He told her he wasn’t interested in meet. The women of color have a certain making a crowd-pleasing ilm in the vein of The Italian understanding. But this doesn’t have

50 TIME November 19, 2018 wife? How did you two meet?” Later, weak? The fear became an opportunity.” when Veronica chastises Alice for being She worked out some of those late to a meeting, Linda points out that thoughts in the rehearsals with the other the other women are juggling jobs and actors. The four women sat together child care to survive: “Our lives are more talking, Davis says, about what it is to complicated than yours.” be a woman in the world—“to not be in Their struggle becomes even thorn- control of your life, to have people label ier when you consider that the widows you, to be told you’re not pretty enough, aren’t up against a stereotypical villain to be told you’re nothing without a man.” but rather endemic corruption. In Chi- The conversations bonded them. “We re- cago, McQueen explains, everybody’s fused to label each other as the world had “got a guy.” Need Bears tickets? Your always labeled us,” Davis says. contractor’s “got a guy.” In the market for In Widows, as in life, people judge one a new car? Your neighbor’s “got a guy.” another on the basis of race, class and McQueen became obsessed with the gender. Those assumptions can set char- phrase while touring the city alongside acters on diferent paths or limit their Flynn. The co-writers interviewed FBI life choices. The smartest characters investigators, criminals, community in the story use other people’s assump- organizers and religious leaders—and tions about them to their advantage. At everybody used that same language one point, Veronica tasks Alice, a Polish- to describe their connections. “The American woman who has been abused whole city is about bending rules,” by both her mother and her husband, says McQueen. “Across the board— with buying guns for the group. Alice African American, Polish, makes her way to a gun Hispanic—everyone was ‘You don’t see show, where she persuades saying it. Even the police couples over a irearms enthusiast that were saying it.” 40 kissing like she’s a mail-order bride in That ethos rules the need of three Glocks. “She world of Widows. “I wanted that onscreen, literally uses the thing that’s to capture the incestu- and you been the muzzle and held ousness of Chicago,” says deinitely don’t her back her whole life, the Flynn. As alliances are see interracial idea of being this beaten to be The Baby-Sitters Club for them to made and betrayed, the vio- couples kissing housewife, and spins this pull this of.” lence grows increasingly like that.’ story,” says Debicki. Flynn’s native Chicago proved the brutal. But the most hor- She says the scene draws perfect setting. More than many other riic moments don’t feel VIOLA DAVIS laughs in every screening. big cities in America, Chicago remains sensational—they pass in a Yes, it’s a sharp bit of com- segregated. The Polish neighborhood, lash. “What’s savage and shocking is the mentary about our perceptions of female black neighborhood, Greek neighbor- speed and eiciency of it,” says Debicki. fragility and how easy it is to buy a gun hood and Hispanic neighborhood in this country. But it’s also just fun to may all sit within a few stops on the L, IN CASTING THE FILM, McQueen watch Debicki swing a bag of handguns but their residents rarely rub elbows. avoided Hollywood glamour—he wanted over her shoulder and celebrate her tri- McQueen beautifully captures the racial to relect the real women in the audience. umph with a hot dog. and economic demarcations in a single He auditioned more than 100 women It’s a subtle victory when true change shot: his camera follows a black car but couldn’t ill the role he eventually for women can feel, at times, unreach- from the outside as it carries a white po- ofered to Rodriguez. At irst, the actor able. Even within the movie, an undue litical candidate from a rally in the cen- refused the part. She saw the character— amount of the widows’ energy is ex- ter of his primarily black district to his a mother who married young, had two pended just fending of despair as they campaign headquarters on the edge of kids with the wrong guy and is left to grieve and igure out how to move for- that same district. In just a few blocks, pick up the pieces—as a victim. ward with their lives. But born from crumbling churches and empty store- “I didn’t see the female empower- that adversity is a determination to sur- fronts give way to blossoming trees and ment in soft power. It was an all-too- vive. “I love Wonder Woman, but these towering mansions. familiar tale of poverty in an urban envi- women don’t have a golden lasso sitting The script crackles with those ten- ronment. I’ve lived that life—why would in the closet,” says Davis. “They’re real. sions. When the wealthy Veronica irst I want to portray it?” she says. “Steve They struggle. But they’ve woken up to meets two of the other widows, Linda challenged me on that. The character the fact that they gave their lives over to (Rodriguez) and Alice (Debicki), one of reminds me of my mother. So why do I their husbands. And now they have to them incredulously asks, “You’re Harry’s judge her? Why do I see that character as take ownership back.”  51 TimeOf

whole plan—but I couldn’t say.” The stakes are high enough: the irst Fantastic Beasts movie raked in $814 million. That’s a number most studios would dream about, but when it comes to Harry Potter, expectations start sky-high. In a world illed with universes based on existing intellectual property—Star Wars, Marvel— franchise fatigue is always possible. But for now, the mania shows no sign of letting up: Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, a play based on an idea by Rowl- ing, is a critical and commercial smash. For the Beasts sequel, analysts are already predicting an opening weekend of $65 million to $75 million.

ON THE ENORMOUS BEASTS SET, designed to look like 1920s Paris, everything is perfectly in order. I stroll MOVIES △ down a full high street lined with The secret to a successful Up to their old tricks: Tina shops, including a magical pharmacy sequel? It’s a secret (Katherine called Elixir, a wand store and a butcher Waterston) and with slabs of “meat” hanging from the By Kate Samuelson Newt (Eddie ceiling. Even the tablecloths and plates Redmayne) in in a charming bistro are artfully dirty. SWEARING THE ENTIRE CAST AND CREW OF A FILM TO The Crimes of That’s not quite the case in the less- secrecy is hard. But when it’s a massive movie like Fantastic Grindelwald than-spotless trailer of Ezra Miller, who Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, with some 700 people and plays the mysterious orphan Credence 1,000 costumes—including 400 coats alone—it’s next to im- Barebone. Plates of half-eaten food sit possible. All precautions are taken: characters are given code on most surfaces. His character—a wiz- names, minute details are protected by nondisclosure agree- ard with a parasitical magical force— ments, and digital scripts are encrypted and disappear after a requires interacting with sophisticated certain amount of time. It’s not quite magic, but it’s close. motion-sensor technology to cultivate The pressure to not reveal anything—even by accident—is a physical language. “[Whatever I’m enough to give Eddie Redmayne heart palpitations. “I’ve been doing] I’m going to fall into an imagi- sent this hilarious document which is covered with double-caps, nation rabbit hole and be wherever triple-underlined notes saying, YOU CAN’T TALK ABOUT THIS,” the script says I am,” says Miller. “I am says the Oscar winner, who returns as wizard Newt Scamander constantly repeating the playtime pro- in the sequel, out Nov. 16. We’re sitting in his spotless trailer cess of falling into pocket-size dimen- at Warner Bros. Studio in Hertfordshire, just north of London, sions and staying there for a while, and around three months into production. Does he ever tell anyone? then at some point hopefully popping He leans in and admits, a little bashfully, that he does: his wife, out.” Playing a dark force comes easily Hannah Bagshawe. to Miller, whose troubled character’s It certainly helps that J.K. Rowling is the master of keeping search for his identity is central to the secrets. She famously claims to have known crucial plot points new movie’s closely guarded plot. from her best-selling book series’ endgame years in advance. For Miller, who grew up reading the And Johnny Depp’s controversial casting—the actor has been ac- books, working with Rowling is the recused of domestic violence by his ex-wife Amber Heard—as the alization of a childhood fantasy. “She is dark wizard Grindelwald was kept under wraps until just two such a seminal writer,” he says. “This is weeks before the irst ilm came out in 2016. one of the projects where I would never Bearing this commitment to secrecy in mind, it’s no surprise even think to improvise or abbreviate that Rowling has entrusted very few with details about how the a line.” When the ilm opens, legions of remaining three movies in the proposed ive-part series will play Potter fans will join Miller to have their WARNER BROS. out. Even producer Tim Lewis, who has worked on eight Harry magical universes widened once more. Potter installments, is in the dark. “We haven’t seen scripts for But for now, the mysteries of the ilm the next one,” he says. “I am assuming [Rowling] knows the belong only to the people making it. 

52 TIME November 19, 2018 You don’t have to decorate everything this holiday. TimeOf Reviews

BOOKS A loaded letter from a long-lost mom By Naina Bajekal

PARTWAY THROUGH ANURADHA ROY’S Sleeping on Jupiter, a tale of three elderly All the Lives We Never Lived, the German women on a pilgrimage to a temple, made artist Walter Spies makes the case for sim- the Man Booker Prize long list in 2015. ply enjoying life in India amid the global In this new book, Roy is grappling with upheaval of the 1930s. “We are oceans bigger themes—freedom, nationalism BOOKS away from all that,” he says. Another char- and nature—against the turbulent back- What’s behind acter disagrees: “The world is round and drop of India’s ight for independence and oceans meet. No place is safe from evil.” World War II. Her mastery of detail ties an closed doors Roy interlaces the local and the global intimate domestic drama to national his- Accepting the bad behavior in her new novel, which opens as Myshkin, tory, ofering a portrait of one family’s trou- of our enemies is easy, but a horticulturalist in his mid-60s, receives bles with desire and loss that speaks to the it can be harder to hold our a letter “pulsating with the energy of every more universal struggles for personal and allies accountable. That’s unopened letter in the world.” AsMyshkin political freedom. the tension at the heart of relects on his childhood in the ictional Roy skillfully navigates the gender poli- author and poet Idra Novey’s tics enmeshed in India’s battle new book, Those Who Knew, for self-determination, writ- following her 2016 debut ing with great compassion for novel, Ways to Disappear. Gayatri, who had “fallen as low The story takes place in an as a woman could” by leaving unnamed city after the fall of behind her husband, child and an oppressive regime. Lena, a home. The character laments university instructor, is forced her duty to stay at home instead to revisit a violent memory of pursuing her own dreams: with a former revolutionary “What good will the nation’s leader—an ex-boyfriend who has since become a powerful freedom do for me? Tell me that! progressive politician. When Will it make me free?” With her the man, a champion of characteristically light touch, causes Lena deeply supports, Roy shows how the world ap- is implicated in the murder of plauds men’s political acts and a young woman, Lena must overlooks their domestic behav- decide whether to come ior, a luxury rarely aforded to forward to accuse him—or women who chase their own de- keep quiet to protect their sires. Roy’s focus is imperfect— shared values. at one point she veers into a mar- Novey, who wrote the ROY: GETTY IMAGES; AT ETERNITY’S GATE: CBS; THE BALLAD OF BUSTER SCRUGGS: NETFLIX SCRUGGS: BUSTER OF BALLAD THE CBS; GATE: AT ETERNITY’S IMAGES; ROY: GETTY ginal tale of the real-life Bengali novel before the #MeToo Roy lives in Ranikhet, a remote hill town in the Himalayas poet Maitreyi Devi, whose life movement swept the country, somewhat mirrors Gayatri’s— has crafted a itting parable for Himalayan village of Muntazir (which but her prose is always captivating. the way many among us have translates to “the one who is waiting impa- As told by Myshkin, the book thrums been forced to grapple with tiently”), readers join him on a quest to ind with the anxiety of waiting. The reader is revelations that the people we out why his mother Gayatri left him when he propelled through the pages, impatient to respect and admire might be was 9 years old. Roy’s intensely visual prose ind out what happened to the grown man’s guilty of ugly acts. Written in sharp prose, Those Who Knew carries the narrative as it lits from 1917 to mother, to discover what her letters contain. keys into a prime lesson from the 1930s and 1990s. Freed from the de- Roy’s skillful blending—of fact and iction, our cultural reckoning with mands of historical authenticity, she brings of personal and political, and of suspense exploitation and abuse: that together real-life igures—including Spies, and reward—creates a rich and layered read. people’s outward character can English ballet dancer Beryl de Zoete and the But the modern resonances of rising na- be worlds apart from how they poet Rabindranath Tagore—with her ic- tionalism, in India and beyond, ensure that conduct themselves behind tional ones to create a luminous world. Roy’s story of what happened in Muntazir closed doors. Relevant and All the Lives We Never Lived is Roy’s transcends its own pages. “Once the letter engrossing, this is a page- fourth novel, coming a decade after her was read,” Myshkin says, “it would be over turning drama that tackles an irst, An Atlas of Impossible Longing, which and I would have to start waiting again.” It’s essential moral dilemma. was translated into 18 languages. Her third, a feeling readers may well share. □ —Wilder Davies

54 TIME November 19, 2018 MOVIES Laughin’ and cryin’ with the Coens SOME DAYS A CHEERFUL outlook just won’t do. For those days, there’s Joel and Ethan Coen’s The Bal- lad of Buster Scruggs, an omnibus of cowboy stories arriving Nov. 16 on Netlix. Though you’ll catch dashes of the Coens’ trademark arch humor, most of Buster Scruggs isn’t what you’d call a laugh riot. It starts out at a brisk canter and ends with a stagecoach headed, literally, for death’s door. Dafoe as van Gogh: a dream portrait made whole by its star In the movie’s ridicu- lously enjoyable opener, MOVIES Tim Blake Nelson appears as the balladeer of the title, The van Gogh we never knew a murderous outlaw with a By Stephanie Zacharek spring in his step. The dark- est tale, “The Gal Who Got THERE ARE THINGS WE KNOW FOR Schnabel’s dream portrait of Rattled,” features Zoe Kazan sure about Vincent van Gogh: that van Gogh is made whole by its star, as a reserved young woman he sufered from mental-health is- Willem Dafoe, whose radiant inten- heading across the prairie sues, that he cut of his left ear in sity ills every corner of the ilm. Artists with a wagon train. The story 1888, that in some form or another often come of as pretentious, making ends happily for no one, not his paintings—reproduced on cof- noisy pronouncements about their art or least the white settlers who fee mugs, museum-shop scarves and that of others. The van Gogh of At Eter- think nothing of seizing land laptop sleeves—bring nity’s Gate is fond of making that has belonged to others many people at least ‘This is not grand little speeches, some- for centuries. This, the Coens moderate joy every day. times to friends—like his seem to be saying to Amer- At Eternity’s Gate, the oicial close associate Paul Gauguin, ica, is how we became the Julian Schnabel’s delight- history—it’s played with soulful élan by people we are. We stole a ful, mournful ilm about my version. Oscar Isaac—and sometimes, whole country. Now we have van Gogh’s last years, One that I hope in voice-over, to himself: “I’d to live with it. —S.Z. spent in Arles, St.-Rémy could make like to ind a new light. For and Auvers-sur-Oise, is you closer paintings that we haven’t far from a straight-on bio- to him.’ yet seen. Bright pictures, Nelson sings pic. Instead, Schnabel painted in sunlight.” out in Buster rifs on what we know JULIAN SCHNABEL, It sounds pretentious Scruggs on his vision of and speculates about Vincent van Gogh until you remember that much we don’t, imagin- van Gogh actually did it, ing what it was like to see and some of Schnabel and through van Gogh’s eyes and to live cinematographer Benoît Delhomme’s in his skin. We see the artist sketch- shots, framed as modiied re-creations ing a stand of trees whose leaves look of van Gogh’s pictures, bring that truth like little spears. But in his drawing, home. All those sunlower yellows and they’re curlicues—wholly inaccu- twilight blues translate very nicely to rate, according to our eyes, and yet our cofee mugs. But Schnabel reminds making more visual and emotional us that they were, in fact, the very colors sense than the real thing. of one man’s life. □ 55 TimeOf Television

REVIEW Coming of age, Italian style By Judy Berman

THE CENTERPIECE OF MY BRILLIANT FRIEND, the irst of pseudonymous Italian author Elena Ferrante’s four beloved Neapolitan novels, is a New Year’s Eve ireworks display. Narrator Elena “Lenù” Greco and her best friend, Rafaella “Lila” Cerullo, are teens ringing in 1959 at a gathering that has reunited feuding clans in a show of neighborhood solidarity. But a rare moment of wonder in this slum at the edge of Naples devolves into a battle with the local mob family. Lila describes the panic attack that overtakes her that night as an experience of “dissolving margins,” an implosion of her moral universe. Elation gives way to angst as pyrotechnics overload the characters’ senses, cul- minating in a symbolic end to Lila’s childhood. Translating a scene this layered into a visual medium couldn’t have been easy for the makers of My Brilliant Friend, the irst of four planned miniseries based on Ferrante’s novels, which premieres Nov. 18 on HBO. Yet the scene retains its power onscreen. At irst, director Saverio Costanzo keeps △ The girls’ perspectives are initially constrained a tight focus on the terrace where Lila and Lenù Casting for My by their block—where women gossip at the win- enjoy the ireworks. Then the frame widens and Brilliant Friend dows, men ight in the streets and there are no se- the mobsters come into view. Lila turns sweaty and took place over eight crets. In the premiere, Costanzo conines his palate grim. Lenù watches, helpless. Faces blur into one months, with almost to desaturated earth tones, giving scenes the same MY BRILLIANT FRIEND: HBO; THE KOMINSKY METHOD: NETFLIX; THE LITTLE DRUMMER GIRL: AMC; SKARSGARD: GETTY IMAGES GETTY SKARSGARD: AMC; GIRL: DRUMMER LITTLE THE NETFLIX; METHOD: KOMINSKY THE HBO; FRIEND: BRILLIANT MY another. Indeed, margins dissolve. 9,000 children grit as Italy’s postwar neorealist ilms. Color creeps (Nasti, left, and Costanzo and the show’s impressive execu- del Genio, right) in as Lenù ventures ever farther from home while tive producers, Italian ilmmaker Paolo Sorren- from southern Italy Lila develops an increasingly sophisticated world- tino (The Young Pope) and Hannibal alum Jennifer auditioning view from within her family’s apartment. As in the Schuur, seem to get that the scene is the linchpin ireworks scene, the introduction of vibrant shades of the book. And their idelity to Ferrante’s vision doesn’t always signify positive change. is matched by their commitment to verisimilitude. In this co-production with Italian public television MY BRILLIANT FRIEND may be the most visible that was ilmed in the Neapolitan dialect, the mini- subtitled show ever to air in the U.S.—and though series’ young actors—cast in an open call—don’t it comes with a built-in audience, it still feels like perform their roles so much as inhabit them. Nar- a risk. While male coming-of-age stories are pre- ration highlights Ferrante’s keenest observations. sumed to be universal, teenage girls are usually But it is Costanzo’s light hand with Ferrante’s story treated as a niche concern. In the case of Ferrante, and motifs that makes this a thrilling adaptation. that double standard seems especially unfair. Born in the wake of World War II and Italian Greeted in the U.S. as European cousins to tales fascism, in a neighborhood that feels more like of female friendship like Girls and Broad City, the a remote island than the satellite of a major city, novels aren’t as gendered as their pastel covers sug- Lenù (played by Elisa del Genio as a child and Mar- gest. Though their fates are shaped by a sexist cul- gherita Mazzucco as a teen) and Lila (Ludovica ture, Lila and Lenù are individuals irst. My Bril- Nasti, then Gaia Girace) meet in irst grade. They liant Friend resonates most as a record of the way are opposites: Lenù is a tall, fair “good girl,” while a person’s world expands between childhood and Lila is tiny and dark, with a feral intensity. They’re adolescence. Amid a pop-culture landscape newly both smart, but Lila is a self-taught prodigy, and obsessed with the experience of the oppressed their competition pushes Lenù to excel. Their re- class that makes up half of the population, this is a lationship grows strained when Lenù graduates to rare story that sees its young women for who they middle school but Lila is forced to go to work. are: human beings. 

56 TIME November 19, 2018 REVIEW Chuck Lorre’s prestige bet

The Big Bang Theory co-creator Chuck Lorre has a very successful brand: old-school multicam sitcoms built around broad characters, laugh tracks and comfy couches. So it’s surprising to see him aim for a more highbrow style with his new Netlix series, The Kominsky Method. The show takes pains to appear sophisticated: it’s a serialized single-camera dramedy led by A-listers Michael Douglas and Alan Arkin. Douglas plays Sandy Kominsky, an esteemed acting teacher with an earnest reverence for his craft, three ex-wives and no roles on the Charlie (Pugh) gets more than she bargained for in a holiday ling horizon. His responsibilities change when his friend Eileen REVIEW (Susan Sullivan), who is dying of cancer, begs Sandy to take care of The Little Drummer Girl her cantankerous husband, agent inds its beating heart Norman Newlander (Arkin). This setup is rich with potential for dark comedy, but Lorre “TERRORISM IS THEATER,” WROTE Charlie as his leading lady. She has a his- squanders it on stock supporting Brian Jenkins, an expert on the topic, tory of pro-Palestine politics, but the characters and obvious jokes. in 1974. John le Carré’s novel The Little team is betting that her sympathies will Millennials are coddled. Gay Drummer Girl takes this famous—and, only lend authenticity to her charade. men lisp. Women exist solely in 21st century America, self-evident— As in all le Carré stories, there’s a lot to tolerate or torment men. observation to its logical extreme, fol- more going on here—enough to mire (Norman’s daughter Phoebe, lowing an actor recruited to iniltrate the irst third of The Little Drummer Girl played by Lisa Edelstein, is an a terrorist cell that is planning its next in exposition without providing much especially nasty caricature of a lethal show. insight into the characters. Only after spoiled addict.) The leads make In AMC’s adaptation of Charlie’s mission begins each man’s plight poignant, the book, a co-production does thriller master Park but solid performances can’t with the BBC that will air Chan-wook (Oldboy), who compensate for the lazy writing. on three consecutive nights directed the miniseries, Even with prestige trappings, it starting Nov. 19, the year pick up the pace. just feels cheap. —J.B. is 1979 and the actor is a But later episodes are young Londoner named worth the wait. Suspense Even the Charlie (Florence Pugh). builds against a backdrop lovable Arkin △ Despite her bewitching per- GOOD VILLAIN of ’70s interiors so bright, can’t save formances, she’s still await- Skarsgard won an Emmy they’re sinister. Charlie’s this show ing her big break when she for his performance as moral dilemma, fraught meets a mystery man (Alex- the abusive Perry Wright by her feelings for Becker, ander Skarsgard’s Becker) in Big Little Lies. speaks volumes about Brit- in Greece. He whisks her ish interference in the away, supposedly for a private getaway Middle East. There are nuanced char- but really to recruit her for a renegade acters on both sides. Yet it’s Pugh—an squad of Israeli spies scheming to take actor playing an actor improvising her down a Palestinian terrorist leader. The way through the role of a lifetime—who group’s obsessive boss, Kurtz (Michael makes the show work. By capturing Shannon), fancies himself a director in Charlie’s ambivalence, she creates a truly the “theater of the real,” and he’s cast unpredictable heroine.—J.B. 57 TimeOf Sports

PROFILE Lou, a former data-processing con- sultant who also earned income from The new white knight real estate holdings, says he spent up to of American chess $100,000 on chess travel and instruction By Sean Gregory for his son in those early years in Europe. The investment paid of. At 14, Fabiano became the youngest chess grand mas- FABIANO CARUANA DID NOT START PLAYING CHESS WHEN ter, at the time, in both Italian and Amer- he was 5 years old because his mom thought that he’d be a ican history. Caruana confesses that the grand master—or that he’d play for the World Chess Cham- early success swelled his head. “You pionship, just as fellow Brooklynite Bobby Fischer did in the don’t think you need the work, which is 1970s. No, his mom just thought chess would calm him down. 7 always a mistake,” he says. “I would take “I was having trouble with concentration,”says Caruana, 26. Number of Americans excessive risks and do crazy things to in the top 100 “It was more of a remedy.”Within a year, though, he was win- of the world chess win a game.” Sometimes it cost him. ning games against kids in junior high school and older. “His rankings But Caruana overcame his growing irst instructor told us he was trying to teach her chess con- pains and started earning a living play- cepts,”says his father Lou. “We knew he was special.” ing chess. In 2014 he beat Carlsen and Beginning on Nov. 9 in London, Caruana will become the other elite players to win the Sinqueield irst American to challenge for the World Chess Champion- 250% Cup. The tournament is named after Rex ship since Fischer won it in 1972. He faces Norway’s Magnus Increase in minutes Sinqueield, who pioneered index stock Carlsen, the title holder since 2013, in the three-week, of chess watched, funds in the 1970s—and has invested 12-game match. Chess pundits expect that a Caruana victory over the past year, north of $50 million over the past decade could spark an explosion in interest that the U.S. hasn’t seen on the online to building one of the world’s premier streaming platform since Fischer’s heyday. Twitch chess clubs in St. Louis. In 2015, Caruana “Fabiano has the power to be better than Carlsen,” says moved back to America and switched Mark Crowther, founding editor of The Week in Chess. “There federations from Italy to the U.S. He now have been very, very few players you can say that about.” lives in St. Louis. “For a chess player,” Caruana says, “it’s the best place to be.” CARUANA FORGED A CIRCUITOUS PATH to representing the U.S. on chess’s grandest stage. When he was 12, his family took TO PREPARE for the world champion- him out of school and moved to Spain, so he could play in more Caruana, chess’s ship, Caruana spent some time this second-ranked high-level tournaments and train with top instructors. Since his player, will be the summer training at Sinqueield’s coun- mother is Italian, he could compete for Italy’s chess federation. irst American to try home in Missouri—including jog- Initially, Caruana didn’t support the plan. “I had friends compete for the ging, shooting hoops and playing tennis in Brooklyn. I had a life in Brooklyn,” he says. But soon it be- world championship to keep in peak physical shape. “Chess came normal. “I missed out on social things, but I was able to in over four decades requires a lot of stamina,” says Caruana. see the world as a young kid, which is very rare.” ▽ “You’re playing six, seven hours at a time. You’re burning a lot of calories, and you can easily get mentally tired. If your physical form is not good, then you’re likely to crash at some point.” In recent weeks, Caruana has trained in Spain, where he’s done yoga and swum in the Mediterranean to clear his head. He has played for up to eight hours a day. “The goal is to get you thinking about chess 24/7,” he says. “It’s playing quick games, slow games, anything that will get you in that mode where you calculate very quickly. Your mind is working in the best possible shape.” IMAGES REUTER—GETTY SEBASTIAN Caruana likens chess to boxing or MMA ighting and expects that people will see similarities in his championship bout with Carlsen. “It will be a ight that is blow for blow,” he says, “with each of us trying to get the upper hand, trying to impose our will on the other guy.” 

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Diego Luna The actor and humanitarian takes on a violent chapter of his home country’s history as a notorious drug lord in Narcos: Mexico

hy is now the right time to tell You’ve been an outspoken critic of out- the story of how Mexico’s going President Enrique Peña Nieto. Do Wdrug war started? There’s an you have any hopes for President-elect urgency to stop this violence in my country. Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a left- It’s impossible to understand how things ist? A long time ago, I lost hope for the got this bad if we don’t look back. This people who work from inside the govern- particular time [in the mid-1980s] deines a ment. My only hope is in citizens of this lot of the relationship between Mexico and country being loud and speaking out. the U.S. and is important to understanding That is something I do celebrate from what has been done on both sides of the the past election. I’m not necessarily say- border to get to this mess. ing I celebrate the next President, but it’s MEXICO an impressive turnout and a big majority The story centers on the 1985 murder PRE‘ TENDS TO BE saying, “We need to change.” of DEA agent Enrique “Kiki” Camarena, which took place when you were 5 years A COUNTRY THAT You’ve been courted to run for oice old. Do you have any memory of seeing CARES ABOUT but declined. Why? I love what I do. it in the news? It’s been interesting to do THE POOR. BUT I love telling stories. I believe it’s a really this project because I’ve had to go back and IT’S JUST SHOW powerful tool. Cinema has changed my remember this time from the perspective perspective on things that I believe make of an adult. I learned more about it in the ’ me a better and richer person, and I still mid-’90s when I was in school and I careed have a lot to explore and to say. about politics. I was inally waking up. Mexican directors have won four of the The show suggests that people wanteed past ive Best Director Oscars. Is this to pretend the drug war wasn’t happeen- a new golden age of Mexican cinema? ing, despite rampant killings. Is thatsti s ll Of Mexxican voices. We’ve got to be care- true? No. Today, the problem is that things ful sayying it’s a golden age of Mexican cin- have become much more complicated. ema. I go to cinemas in Mexico, and it’s These characters built a perfect structurre tough to ind Mexican ilms there. The that involved every level of power in this probleem with our industry is that it’s a country and on the other side of the border. relection of the country we’re living in. When that structure fell apart, violence got What hash happened is that the voices are out of control. Now the military is in thee very sharph and eager to talk. That’s why streets doing internal security, and that’’s you see so many Mexican directors doing very dangerous. It’s clearly a crisis. We’vve great ilmsi around the world. been living in a war zone in Mexico. You’’re in Barry Jenkins’ new ilm, President Donald Trump’s response IfBeale Street Could Talk, adapted to the migrant caravan is dominating fromo James Baldwin’s 1974 novel headlines. How is the Mexican abbout a wrongly convicted black government handling the situation? man.m Why did this story resonate Really poorly. But this is not new— withw you? The story is so relevant Mexico deports more Central today.t The day before I saw it in Americans than the States. There are NewN York, I saw a documentary so many humanitarian eforts to help ini Mexico about someone who migrants, but as a country, we’re far wasw in jail because of the wrong from taking care of them. We’re the reeasons, and it felt so connected. IMAGES ORD—GETTY CINDY most dangerous part of their travel IfBeale B Street Could Talk was based to the border. And yet we are urging on a book written decades ago. But we the States to take care of them. Mexico don’t seem to understand. We still don’t pretends to be a country that cares about seem tot get it. the poor. But it’s just show. —SAMANTHA COONEY

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