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CULTURE Table of Contents 1 CULTURE Table of Contents 1. DANCES & MUSIC __________________ 2 7.2. Paika Rebellion ___________________ 17 1.1. Folk & Tribal Dance _________________ 2 7.3. Sadharan Brahmo Samaj ____________ 18 1.2. India’s First Music Museum __________ 2 7.4. Battle of Haifa ____________________ 18 1.3. Ghumot: Goa’s Heritage Instrument ___ 3 7.5. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms _______ 19 2. PAINTINGS & OTHER ART FORMS ______ 4 7.6. Azad Hind Government _____________ 19 2.1. Thanjavur Paintings _________________ 4 8. PERSONALITIES ___________________ 21 2.2. Mithila Painting ____________________ 4 8.1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji _________________ 21 2.3. Bagru Block Printing ________________ 4 8.2. Saint Kabir _______________________ 21 2.4. Aipan ____________________________ 5 8.3. Swami Vivekananda _______________ 22 2.5. Tholu Bommalata __________________ 5 8.4. Sri Satguru Ram Singhji _____________ 23 3. SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE ______ 6 8.5. Statue of Ramanujacharya __________ 23 3.1. Konark Sun Temple _________________ 6 8.6. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel ____________ 24 3.2. Khajuraho Temples _________________ 6 8.7. Sir Chhotu Ram ___________________ 24 3.3. Sanchi Stupa ______________________ 6 8.8. Tribal Freedom Fighters ____________ 25 3.4. Badshahi Ashoorkhana ______________ 7 9. ANCIENT HISTORY _________________ 26 3.5. India’s National War Memorial _______ 7 9.1. Vakataka Dynasty _________________ 26 3.6. Monuments of National Importance ___ 8 9.2. Couple’s Grave in Harappan Settlement 26 3.7. World Capital of Architecture _________ 8 10. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES/SCHEMES & 3.8. My Son Temple Complex ____________ 9 INSTITUTIONS ______________________ 27 4. LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE _______ 10 10.1. Adopt A Heritage _________________ 27 4.1. Silappadikaram ___________________ 10 10.2. Seva Bhoj Scheme ________________ 27 4.2. Maithili Language _________________ 10 10.3. Prasad Scheme___________________ 28 4.3. Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha _ 10 10.4. Gandhi Circuit ___________________ 28 5. INITIATIVES OF UNESCO ____________ 11 10.5. Indian Council of Historical Research _ 29 5.1. Unesco Global Geopark Network Status 11 10.6. Paryatan Parv 2018 _______________ 29 5.2. 37th UNESCO World Heritage Site ____ 11 10.7. Cultural Heritage Youth Leadership 6. FESTIVALS ________________________ 13 Programme (CHYLP) ___________________ 29 6.1. Sanskriti Kumbh __________________ 13 11. MISCELLANEOUS _________________ 30 6.2. Vishwa Shanti Ahimsa Sammelan ____ 13 11.1. Recent GI Tags ______________________ 30 6.3. Ambubachi Mela __________________ 14 11.2. Bharat Ratna _______________________ 30 6.4. Behdiengkhlam Festival ____________ 14 11.3. Nobel Peace Prize 2018 ______________ 31 11.4. International Gandhi Peace Prize _______ 31 6.5. Bathukamma Festival ______________ 15 11.5. Indira Gandhi Peace Prize _____________ 32 6.6. Nongkrem Dance Festival ___________ 15 11.6. Seoul Peace Prize 2018 _______________ 32 6.7. Hornbill Festival___________________ 15 11.7. Magsaysay Awards __________________ 32 6.8. Attukal Pongala ___________________ 16 11.8. Kotler Presidential Award _____________ 32 6.9. Makaravilakku Festival _____________ 16 11.9. State Symbols of Andhra Pradesh and 7. HISTORICAL EVENTS _______________ 17 Telangana ______________________________ 32 7.1. Pietermaritzburg Station Incident ____ 17 11.10. Bababudan Swami _________________ 32 1 DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW 8468022022 1. DANCES & MUSIC 1.1. FOLK & TRIBAL DANCE • Tamang Selo of Sikkim o It is a traditional Sikkimese folk dance Why in News? patronised by the Tamang community of the state. Some of the famous folk & tribal dances were o A traditional musical instrument of the performed during Republic Day celebrations. Tamangs, called the Damphu, List of Dances performed accompanies the dance. o It is performed during the Dasain or • Karakattam folk dance: Tamil Nadu Dusserah festival. o It is an ancient folk dance of Tamil Nadu • Other dance performed: Satoiya Nitya of performed in praise of the rain goddess Assam; Fusim Dance of Jammu Kashmir; Mariamman. Hudka Chhudka of Uttarakhand. o The performers balance a water pot Related News (Karakam) on their head. Traditionally, Karnataka’s tableau was based on the 39th session of this dance is categorized into two types- the Indian National Congress held in Belagavi (erstwhile Aatta Karakam is danced with decorated Belgaum) in 1924, which was presided over by pots on the head and symbolizes joy and Mahatma Gandhi. It was the only session in which happiness. It is mainly performed to Gandhiji presided. entertain the audience. The Sakthi Karakam is performed only in temples as a 1.2. INDIA’S FIRST MUSIC spiritual offering MUSEUM • Taakala Folk Dance: Maharashtra o It is related to the exchange of the 'takla' Why in News? vegetable among local tribal groups. • India’s first music museum will be set up in • Koli Folk Dance: Maharashtra Thiruvaiyaru, Tamil Nadu, which is the birth o It is performed by fisherwomen. place of Saint Tyagaraja. • Misra Raas of Gujarat • The Tyagaraja Aaradhana Music Festival is o Raas popularly known as dandiya raas is also held in Thiruvaiyaru which attracts one of the most popular folk dances of musical talents from all over the world. Gujarat. o Mishra raas/Gop raas is a variant of this Saint Tyagaraja genre. • Saint Tyagaraja is one of the Trinity of ✓ It is performed by both men and Carnatic music (other two are Muthuswami women. Dikshitar and Syama Sastri) and his ✓ It is not based on any criteria of caste compositions are outpourings of love, prayer or profession. and appeal. ✓ It has its roots in folklores and • He was the most illustrious composer among legends associated with raas of the trinity and bhakti was the keynote of his Krishna. compositions. • Monpa of Arunachal Pradesh • He firmly believed that nadopasana (the o It is a traditional dance form of the Monpa practice of music as an aid to cultivate tribe, who inhabit parts of West Kameng devotion and contemplation) can lead one to District and Tawang District in Arunachal salvation only if it was combined with bhakti. Pradesh. • He mastered selfless devotion without any o This dance is performed during the Losar desire and it was Nishkama Bhakthi. He was Festival, which marks the tribe’s New an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and majority Year. of his kritis are in praise of Rama. • Gangte folk dance, Arunachal Pradesh • He mainly composed in Telugu. o It is performed by men and women, • He set his face against 'narastuti', praise of celebrates closeness to nature. men for profit or benefit - a philosophy and • Mamita of Tripura principle underlying Hindu thought not to o It is performed on the occasion of Mamita debase learning and knowledge. festival, which is harvest festival of Tripuri • In fact, this principle was responsible for the People. old system of 'gurukulavasa' - of disciples 2 8468022022 DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW learning at the feet of the master and the sitar, santoor, clarionet, mandolin, jalatarangam, master imparting knowledge but not for violin & flute violin & flute money. 1.3. GHUMOT: GOA’S HERITAGE About Tyagaraja Aaradhana Festival INSTRUMENT • It is celebrated every year at Thiruvayur as a tribute to the musical Saint Tyagaraja. Why in news? • Here hundreds of musicians come together Ghumot will soon be notified as a heritage and perform Tyagaraja’s Pancharatna Kritis in instrument of Goa. unison. About Ghumot Indian Classical Music is mainly divided into two parts • It is a membranophone type percussion instrument and is also known as Ghumat, Hindustani Music Carnatic Music Dakki or Budike. It has its roots in Vedic It developed significantly traditions where hymns during the Bhakti • It is a folk instrument of the Konkani people in Sama Veda, a sacred movement mainly the Siddis, Kudumis and Kharvis. text, were sung rather • It is part of the Mando, a musical form of the than chanted Goan Catholics that combines elements of It is raga-based It is Kriti-based both Indian and Western music. It features a number of No Turko-Persian influence • It is also part of the Zagor folk dance and Turko-Persian musical Dulpod (Goan dance song). elements. • A smaller form of ghumot is generally used as There is bandish of time There is no such Bandish the main accompaniment to the ‘Burrakatha’ There are more than It is written to be sung in a a folk, storytelling tradition of Andhra one style of singing specific way known as gharanas Pradesh. Use of tabla, sarangi, Use of veena, mridangam, 3 DELHI | JAIPUR | PUNE | HYDERABAD | AHMEDABAD | LUCKNOW 8468022022 2. PAINTINGS & OTHER ART FORMS • Central Indian And Rajasthani Schools (17th - 19th 2.1. THANJAVUR PAINTINGS Centuries): Malwa, Mewar, Bundi, Kotah, Amber- Jaipur, Marwar, Bikaner, Kishengarh Why in news? • Pahari Schools (17th to 19th Centuries): Basohli, Raman Spectroscopy is now being used to Guler, Kangra, Kulu Mandi ascertain if gold or gemstones on Thanjavur • Orissa (17th century A.D): Gita Govinda paintings are fake or not. 2.2. MITHILA PAINTING Raman Spectroscopy • Raman spectroscopy is one of the vibrational Why in news? spectroscopic techniques used to provide information on molecular vibrations and crystal Madhubani Railway Station in Bihar gets structures. makeover with Mithila Paintings • When light is irradiated on molecules, the light is scattered by them. About Mithila Painting • Most of scattered light have the same frequency • Madhubani/Mithila painting is practiced in the with incident light but some fraction of light has Mithila region of Bihar and Nepal deriving its different frequency due to interaction between name from the Madhubani town in Bihar. oscillation of light and molecular vibration. • It is often characterized by complex • The phenomenon that the light is scattered with frequency change is called Raman scattering. geometrical patterns, these paintings are known for representing ritual content for More on news particular occasions, including festivals, • Thanjavur painting is a form of miniature religious rituals, etc. painting that flourished during the late 18th • These colors are often bright and pigments and 19th centuries.
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