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The Academic Gift Book of ELIG, Attorneys-at-Law in Honor of the 20th Anniversary of Competition Law Practice in Turkey Gönenç GÜRKAYNAK The Academic Gift Book of ELIG, Attorneys-at-Law in Honor of the 20th Anniversary of Competition Law Practice in Turkey Gönenç GÜRKAYNAK ISBN: 978-605-315-235-4 Yayıncı: Legal Yayıncılık A.Ş. (Sertifika No: 27563) Basım ve Cilt: Pasifik Ofset Limited Şirketi (Sertifika No:12027) Basıldığı Yer: Cihangir Mah. Güvercin Cad. Baha İş Merkezi A Blok No:3/1 Z.Kat Avcılar/ İstanbul Telefon: 0212 412 17 32 Yönetim Yeri: Caferağa Mah. General Asım Gündüz Cad. Sekizler Apt.No:59/6 Kadıköy/İstanbul Yayın Türü: Hukuk Kitabı Bu kitabın tüm yayın hakları ELİG Gürkaynak Ortak Avukat Bürosu’na aittir. İzin alınmadan eğitim ve tanıtım amaçlı kısmi alıntılar hariç olmak üzere hiçbir şekilde kopya edilemez, çoğaltılamaz ve yayınlanamaz. Mart 2018 Copyright © 2018 Bu kitap ELİG Gürkaynak Ortak Avukat Bürosu adına Legal Yayıncılık A.Ş. tarafından basılmıştır. Sincerely dedicated to my teachers and masters in the competition law field, with the hope that I am half as inspiring as they are to young competition lawyers congregating around me... Gönenç Gürkaynak, İstanbul, March 2018 Rekabet hukuku sahasındaki öğretmenlerim ve ustalarım için. Etrafımda toplanan genç rekabet hukukçularına, bu alandaki öğretmenlerimin ve ustalarımın bana verdiğinin yarısı kadar ilham verebildiğim ümidiyle... Av. Gönenç Gürkaynak, İstanbul, Mart 2018 FOREWORD On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of competition law practice in Turkey, it is my great pride and pleasure to present the book you are holding in your hands, which was conceived, written and published within a six-month period as an academic publication that could make a valuable Turkish contribution to the global discussion and study of competition law issues. I am confident that every competition law practitioner in Turkey would agree with me that, although it has had its ups and downs, competition law practice in Turkey has always been on an upwards trajectory and has progressed remarkably since its early days. Competition law has always attracted ambitious and enthusiastic young practitioners. Moreover, our field has drawn increasingly more attention and interest, particularly from students in the field of law and economics. Private enterprises, public institutions (including the Competition Authority itself), as well as lawyers active in our field have always strived in good faith to help establish a more sophisticated competition law ethos and practice in our country. Through their valiant efforts, competition law has changed and grown profoundly in the 20 years that it has been practiced in Turkey, and it has now evolved into a stimulating and substantive legal discipline. Therefore, as Turkish competition law practice passes the 20-year mark, it seemed only fitting to salute the collective efforts of the past twenty years by publishing a comprehensive academic study on competition law with global relevance and appeal. This book, which comprises twelve academic articles discussing contemporary competition law issues, was drafted by adhering to the highest standards of international academic publishing, and it is a product of the collaborative efforts of lawyers specializing in competition law at ELIG, Attorneys-at-Law, including junior associates who are novices in this field. Thus, I believe that this book marks and represents the future of competition law in Turkey. I rest assured in the knowledge that these colleagues, who possess less than three years of experience in this specific field, will one day number among those practitioners leading and carrying competition law forward in Turkey and globally. Therefore, even though the articles in this book also reflect my own extensive contributions and a rigorous editing process, they nevertheless reveal the extensive potential of the competition law discipline in Turkey, as well as demonstrating the individual promise and abilities of each of these young practitioners that were my co-authors. Gönenç Gürkaynak, Esq. ÖNSÖZ Türkiye’deki rekabet hukuku uygulamasının 20. yıl dönümünde Türkiye’den global alana rekabet hukuku çalışmaları ihraç edebilecek düzeyde bir akademik kitap yazıp basma fikrini 6 ayda hayata geçirip elinizde tuttuğunuz kitaba nihai halini verdiğimiz için gurur duyuyorum. Bugün Türkiye’deki her rekabet hukukçusunun şunu teyit edeceğini tahmin ederim ki, iyi günüyle, kötü günüyle, Türkiye’de rekabet hukuku uygulaması genel bir trend olarak daima ileri ve iyiye gitmiştir. Bu alana daima daha da iştahlı gençler katılmışlardır. Bu alan, özellikle de hukuk ve iktisat öğrencilerinde, git gide daha fazla ilgi uyandırmıştır. Özel teşebbüsler de, kamu teşebbüsleri de, Rekabet Kurumunun kendisi de, bu alanda destek veren avukatlar da, daima daha sofistike bir rekabet hukuku anlayışına doğru iyiniyetle çaba göstermişlerdir. Bu çaba sayesinde, rekabet hukuku bugüne kadar Türkiye’de uygulandığı 20 yılında hep daha ilginçleşti ve içerikli hal aldı. Dolayısıyla, Türkiye’de rekabet hukuku uygulamasının 20. yılını geçtiğimizde de tamamen akademik ve dünyanın her yerine hitap edebilir bir kitapla o 20 yılın toplu emeğine selam vermek uygun göründü. Üst düzey uluslararası akademik yayın standartlarında kaleme alınmış 12 güncel rekabet hukuku akademik makalesinden oluşan bu kitabı, ELİG Gürkaynak Ortak Avukat Bürosu’nda özellikle rekabet hukuku alanında çalışan hukukçular arasından, bu alana en yeni girmiş olanlarıyla beraber kaleme aldık. Yani, bu kitabın rekabet hukukunun Türkiye’deki geleceğine not düşen bir çalışma olduğunu söyleyebilirim. Rekabet hukuku alanındaki spesifik çabaları daha 3 yılı doldurmamış bu meslekdaşlarımın gelecekte bu alanı Türkiye’de ve dünyada taşıyan insanlar arasında olacaklarını biliyorum. Benim yoğun dokunuşlarımla ve epey editörlükle nihai hale gelen bu kitap sonuç olarak hala hem şahsen onların potansiyelini hem de rekabet hukuku disiplininin Türkiye’deki potansiyelini göz önüne sermektedir. Av. Gönenç Gürkaynak CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................... V The Concept of Causal Link within the scope of Compensation for Cartel Damages and the “Umbrella Effect”: A Discussion in Light of the CJEU’s Kone Decision ................................................................................................................ 1 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Görkem Yardım, Gülce Korkmaz Competing Bits: Net Neutrality, Zero-Rating and Competition Law .................... 29 Gönenç Gürkaynak, İsmail Özgün, Umut Bakanoğulları Analysis of the Collective Sale of Football Broadcasting Rights under Competition Law: Evaluation of the Widely Accepted Principles ......................... 67 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Hakan Demirkan, Salih Mert Seyran What Standard of Competition Law Review to Ensure Healthy Competition for Talent? ................................................................................................................... 87 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Büşra Aktüre, Deniz Benli Collective Bargaining Under Competition Law Review ........................................ 113 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Selvi Naz Topaloğlu, Ege Okant Excessive Pricing Enforcement In Dynamic Sectors: Should You Stop Reading Now? ........................................................................................................... 143 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Merve Bakırcı, Sevgi Mutafoğlu The Relationship between Trade Policy and Competition Policy: The Interface Between Predatory Pricing and Anti-Dumping Regulations ................ 177 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Can Yıldız, Sanem Kinalp Contemporary Competition Law Issues in the Turkish Airline Industry ........... 205 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Selvi Naz Topaloğlu, Özlem Cansu Tekşen Imposing Administrative Monetary Fines on Employees: Fair or Foul? ............ 237 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Ezgi Hepşen, Gözde Nur Çevik A Critical Analysis of the Turkish State Aid Law ................................................. 257 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Merve Öner, Hazar Başar Competition Law Consequences of Artificial Intelligence .................................... 289 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Naz Altınsoy, Umay Rona Data Room Practices in Competition Law: Right to Access to File and the Right to Defense in Cartel Cases ............................................................................. 313 Gönenç Gürkaynak, Kansu Aydoğan, Yeşim Yargıcı The Concept of Causal Link within the scope of Compensation for Cartel Damages and the “Umbrella Effect”: A Discussion in Light of the CJEU’s Kone Decision Gönenç Gürkaynak* Görkem Yardım** Gülce Korkmaz*** 1. Introduction Free and open markets are essential for a vibrant economy. In order to achieve lower prices and higher quality, and more importantly, to increase innovative efficiency, competition among sellers in a market should be ensured and preserved. Accordingly, the traditional concern of competition law rules (and authorities) has always been to preserve competition among firms by preventing them from joining together in the form of cartels to obtain the fruits of monopoly.1 Cartels, which have been described as "the supreme evil of antitrust," in the words of the United States Supreme Court,2 are considered to be the most serious violations of competition law, since they injure consumers by restricting supply and raising prices. Indeed, it is universally acknowledged that the harm caused by cartels to the economy (and to social welfare) is substantial. Cartels lead to goods and services becoming

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