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Proceedings of the Tropical Fruits in Human Nutrition and Health Conference 2008 Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 PR09–4549 ISBN 978 0 7345 0404 3 OECD disclaimer The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries. OECD CRP accreditation The Conference was sponsored by the OECD Co-operative Research Programme on Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, whose financial support made it possible for most of the invited speakers to participate in the conference. On 26 March 2009, the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries was amalgamated with other government departments to form the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part of the work may in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or any other means be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be broadcast or transmitted without the prior written permission of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The copyright owner shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Enquiries about reproduction, including downloading or printing the web version, should be directed to [email protected] or telephone +61 7 3225 1398. Contents Foreword v Tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008—an overview 1 Tropical fruit as excellent resources for nutrigenomics 3 Ervin Balázs Tropical fruits, nutrition and population health 7 Biofortification of bananas 9 H. Khanna, D. Becker, E. Whitelaw, M. Harrison, M. Bateson, R. Harding and J.L. Dale HarvestPlus agenda in relation to tropical fruits 19 J. Stangoulis, W. Pfeiffer, B. McClafferty, J.V. Meenakshi, C. Hotz and H. Bouis Fruit intake for healthy body size in the Pacific region 23 Rachel Novotny and Caryn E.S. Oshiro Cultivar selection can have significant implications for our health 30 Wendy Foley, Lois Englberger, Geoffrey C. Marks, Adelino Lorens and Graham Lyons Health effects of fruit 38 Peter Clifton Nutritional bioactives and functional foods 45 Mango processing with particular consideration of carotene retention and pectin recovery 47 Sybille Neidhart and Reinhold Carle Healthful and nutritional components in select Florida tropical fruits 60 Elizabeth Baldwin, John A. Manthey, Gary Luzio, Kevin Goodner, Anne Plotto, Kanjana Mahattanatawee and Fred Gmitter By-products from mango (Mangifera indica L.) processing as a source of functional compounds 67 Andreas Schieber and Reinhold Carle Bioavailability and sensory evaluation 75 Prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes associated with metabolic syndrome using some plant-based food factors 77 Takanori Tsuda Fruit phytochemicals: the relationship between molecular structure, bioavailability and human health 88 Tony K. McGhie and Daniel J. Comeskey Methods to determine the bioavailability of phytochemicals 98 M. Netzel, G. Netzel, R. Addepalli, R. Seymour and L. Day Consumer motivation for purchase and consumption of fruit products 111 Sara R. Jaeger Tropical flavours to tempt consumers 126 H. Smyth, S. Kirchhoff, S. Fuller, K. Abberton, C. Davis, I. Bally, R.G. Dietzgen Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 iii Fruit marketing and health 133 Influence of treatments on retaining nutritional compounds in fresh-cut fruit 134 E. Aguayo and A.C. Silveira Challenges in the supply chain to improve the sales of tropical fruits for their health benefits 146 Sarah Pennell Biodiscovery technologies 153 The genomics of fruit quality 154 Andy C. Allan, William Laing, Richard V. Espley, Mirco Montefiori, Charles Dwamena, Rebecca Henry, Kui Lin-Wang, Andrew P. Dare and Roger P. Hellens Exploiting banana biodiversity to reduce vitamin A deficiency-related illness: a fast and cost-effective strategy 159 M.W. Davey, H. Garming, B. Ekesa, N. Roux and I. Van den Bergh Genomics, super-domestication and crops 172 J.S. (Pat) Heslop-Harrison Papaya genomics 177 Ray Ming Discovery of bioactives in tropical fruits 189 G.R. Monteith, A.S. Wilkinson, B.M. Flanagan, R.G. Dietzgen, P.N. Shaw, M.J. Gidley and S.J. Roberts-Thomson Poster presentations 195 Papaya (Carica papaya) as a source of glucotropaeolin and its active derivative, benzyl-isothiocyanate 197 Tim J. O’Hare, Lung S. Wong, David J. Williams and Sharon Pun The health benefits of tropical fruit grown in Queensland, Australia 202 K. Fanning, D. Murray, R. Stanley and M. Netzel iv Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 Foreword Horticultural industries are Queensland’s second largest primary producer, with a total gross value of more than $1.9 billion in 2008. Queensland’s diverse geography and climate supports the production of more than 120 horticultural products. With a growing worldwide demand for quality, nutritious food Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries continues to focus its activities on accelerating growth within the sector. In many ways, Queensland’s tropical fruit industry also has a major role to play in the successful implementation of our Q2 vision, which highlights five ambitions for the state: strong; green; smart; healthy; and fair. In particular, the health and wellbeing of our population is a priority. As partners to the industry we aim to help the Queensland horticulture market address the continued global trend towards healthier foods. Consumer research shows that people are increasingly concerned about their diet and the role food can play in staying healthy. We want Queenslanders to look to naturally healthy foods to maintain their wellbeing rather than rely on a diet rich in fortified processed foods and nutritional supplements. We actively support major programs to ensure our young people have greater opportunities to boost their daily nutritional requirements through increased fruit and vegetable intake. Most important, we want our tropical fruits to be a mainstay of daily eating habits. Progress in global supply chains is also resulting in more widespread distribution of a greater range of tropical fruits. Although the central role of fruits and vegetables as a core component of a healthy diet is well established, the specific benefits associated with tropical fruit are not well defined. This conference brought together eminent scientists to promote international understanding and cooperation relating to tropical fruits, and the role they can play in health and nutrition. I hope the networks developed through the Tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 will raise the awareness of the need for more research in this area and help identify gaps in knowledge so we can develop and market tropical fruits that have even greater potential health benefits. These Conference Proceedings should provide a valuable resource for policy makers and inform public debate in the high priority areas of functional foods, nutrition, health and wellbeing. Tim Mulherin Minister for Primary Industries, Fisheries and Rural and Regional Communities Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 v Tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008—an overview Proceedings of the tropical fruits in human nutrition and health conference 2008 1 Tropical fruit as excellent resources for nutrigenomics Ervin Balázs Department of Applied Genomics, Agricultural Research Institute, H-2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u 2, Hungary The biodiversity of tropical vegetation is well-characterised by the wide range of plants that serve as fruit and vegetables for human consumption. The domestication of most tropical fruit started quite a long time ago, and has now reached the super-domestication level. However, there are a vast number of plants whose fruit could be valuable for human consumption, but whose domestication is still far from reaching the economical by feasible stage (Vaughan et al., 2007). A good example of this is the current effort in Queensland to economically produce achachairu, a plum-sized, orange- coloured, valuable, marketable fruit from South America. Lemons, oranges, bananas, avocados, kiwis, mangoes, lychees, papayas and pineapples are well-established in modern agriculture, while others still need both genetic improvement and new technologies before they can be economically cultivated on a large scale (such as ablu, black sapote, carambola, durian, guava, jaboticaba, jackfruit, longan, mangosteen, passionfruit, persimmon, pitaya, rambutan or star apple). All of these, regardless of their production scale, are well-known for their high vitamin C, A or B levels, with increased amounts of essential micronutrients, elements such as iron, manganese, zinc or calcium (www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp). For this simple reason, tropical fruit have an important role in human nutrition, as they are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids and several other secondary metabolites. Throughout the last century,
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