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Ligjvënësit Shqipëtarë Në Vite
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
1 LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar I
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
Settling Accounts: Violence, Justice, and Accountability In
SETTLING ACCOUNTS EDITORS Sherry B. Ortner, Nicholas B. Dirks, Geoff Eley PRINCETON STUDIES IN CULTURE / POWER / HISTORY SETTLING ACCOUNTS VIOLENCE, JUSTICE, AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN POSTSOCIALIST EUROPE JOHN BORNEMAN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright 1997 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Borneman, John, 1952– Settling accounts : violence, justice, and accountability in postsocialist Europe / John Borneman. p. cm. — (Princeton studies in culture/power/history) Includes bibliographical references and index. eISBN 1-4008-0081-1 1. Post-communism—Europe, Eastern. 2. Rule of law—Europe, Eastern. 3. Reparation—Europe, Eastern. 4. Political crimes and offenses—Europe, Eastern. 5. Retribution. 6. Social justice—Europe, Eastern. 7. Europe, Eastern—Social policy. 8. Europe, Eastern—Politics and government—1989– I. Title. II. Series. HN380.7.A8B67 1997 306.2′0947—dc21 97-12041 CIP This book has been composed in Palatino http://pup.princeton.edu Contents Prefacevii Acknowledgmentsxiii PARTONE:FRAMING,COMPARING,HISTORICIZING1 Chapter 1 FramingtheRuleofLawinEast-CentralEurope3 AccountabilityandRetributiveJustice3 ComparisonofRegimeTransformations8 JusticeandPoliticalTheory10 TheStudyofLegalReformandAnthropology16 Violence,Accountability,Dignity20 Chapter 2 Comparing:Decommunization—Recommunization—Reform?26 -
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered
Crump_PROEF (all).ps Front - 1 T1 - Black The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered Inquiries into the Evolution of an Underestimated Alliance, 1960-1969 Een nieuwe visie op het Warschaupact Een onderzoek naar de ontwikkeling van een ondergewaardeerde alliantie, 1960-1969 (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G.J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 10 januari 2014 des middags te 2.30 uur door Laura Carolien Crump geboren op 11 augustus 1978 te Amsterdam Crump_PROEF (all).ps Back - 1 T1 - Black Promotoren: Prof. dr. D.A. Hellema Prof. dr. J. Hoffenaar Crump_PROEF (all).ps Front - 2 T1 - Black To my husband Kenneth Gabreëls my most beloved ally Crump_PROEF (all).ps Back - 2 T1 - Black Cover Illustration: Foundation of the Warsaw Pact, 14 May 1955, Warsaw File: Bundesarchiv Bild 183-30483-002, Warschau, Konferenz Europäischer Länder http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-30483- 002,_Warschau,_Konferenz_Europäischer_Länder....jpg Cover Illustration (back): Map of Europe showing NATO and the Warsaw Pact (ca. 1973) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NATO_and_the_Warsaw_Pact_1973.svg Crump_PROEF (all).ps Front - 3 T1 - Black Contents Contents Abbreviations Chronology of Events Note on Translations Introduction: Reconsidering the Warsaw Pact 1 A New Approach towards the Warsaw Pact 2 The International Constellation 5 New Cold War -
Louis Zanga Nearly Half a Century of Albanian Communist History
Louis Zanga Nearly half a Century of Albanian communist history On November 28th Albania, a country that traces its roots back to ancient II- lyria, marked the 75th anniversary of its independence and emergence from 500 years of Ottoman rule. The fact that Albania has existed a mere 75 years as a unified nation, a period marred by renewed foreign invasions, partitions and encroachments, explains in great part its politically anachronistic and al most paranoid fear of the outside world. The next day, November 29th, this small Balkan country marked the 43rd anniversary of its liberation from Nazi occupation and the communist seizure of power. The country came under the iron rule of Enver Hoxha, whose mis- trust of the outside world became a matter of national policy embodied in the Stalin-inspired slogan: “Albania’s savage revisionist-imperialist encirclement.” Communist Albania became a unique model of isolationism, an extreme ex- ample of the price that small but strategically placed countries pay for inde pendence. Its Strategie location has been responsible for a history of foreign occupations: first the Romans, later the Ottomans, and finally the Axis occu pation during World War II. After the war, Albania’s experimental alliances with larger and stronger communist countries playing partners-cum-protectors were all judged to have failed. Hoxha first defied Yugoslavia, then the Soviet- led communist bloc, and finally post-Mao’s China. Nor did he fail to tum his back on the noncommunist world, though his defiance took a bizzare shape through the assertion that it was the rest of the world that had isolated Alba nia. -
1 Albanian 1 Life
't1 ---· -- . ... .-.-~---·"( 1 ALBANIAN 1 LIFE r l No.25 _No. 2 , 1983 J_ ____________________, CONTENTS SPORT IN ALBANIA, by Besnik Dizdari, Ismet fullova and Osman Palushi . p. THE CHURCH OF ST. MARY AT APOLLONIA, by Gjergj Frash~ri p. 6 NEW LITERATURE AVAILABLE . • p. 15 "TiiREE GIRLS", a poem by Vorea Ujko p. 16 Cartoons : "HOW THE WORLD LOOKS FROM TIRANA" p. 17 "nlE SHADOW", a short story by Elena Kadare p. 18 ALBANIAN SOCIETY MEETINGS p. 25 TiiE SHKODRA-TITOGRAD RAILWAY p . 26 CORRECTION to text of Prof. Martin Smith's lecture p. 26 SPIRITUALITY IN ALBANIAN POETRY, by Martin Rogan . p. 27 CORRESPONDENCE from Vivien Pixner, Margaret Arkwright p . 32 A~B/\NIAN NEWS (November 1982 - January 1983) . p. 40 BOOK REVIEWS: . "PORTRAIT OF ALBANIA", reviewed by Steve· Day p. 44 "ALBANIA : ATRAVEL GUIDF", by Philip Ward, reviewed. by Tom Blake p . 45 "THE HAND OF LENIN", a poem by Muharrem Jakupi . .p. 48 Bas-:elief on the Church of St. Nicolas in Mesopotam (Saranda district) SPORT IN ALBANIA by Besnik Dizda\·i, Ismet Bellova & Osman Palushi ,. .. ~ :-~·-:-;:-·~~nwrtm~ Prior to Liberation, . :':';··· , ,,:· ... ... .. --:----- 2'! opportunities for , , . ·:: " ·1 •. ..• .. ::"",-.-·~ • • •• · : i sport in Albania · · ' ·· were extremely lim- ited. The Zog reg ime brought over some fascist inst ructors from Italy, but placed the main emphasis on utilis ing sport to incul cate "obedience" in ,,. ..,,,,.,... .., the youth . In 1938 there were in the whole country only 27 physical educat ion instructors , 15 M@.!Kf'!:l:.!I football pitches !.a:dH::ilif.tjll and 30 fields for volleyball and bas- ke tball. Total membership of sports clubs was on ly 1,200. -
"The Anglo-American Threat to Albania (Memoirs of the National
The electronic version of the book is created by http://www.enverhoxha.ru ************************ ENVER HOXHA The Anglo - American Threat to Albania Memoirs of the National Liberation War THE INSTITUTE OF MARXIST-LENINIST STUDIES AT THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA THE «8 NËNTORI» PUBLISHING HOUSE TIRANA 1982 «THE ANGLO-AMERICAN THREAT TO ALBANIA» is another book in the series of Comrade Enver Hoxha's memoirs from the time of the National Liberation War. It reflects events he lived through, his personal impressions, and gives conclusions, which provide lessons for all periods, drawn from the hostile activity carried out openly or behind the scenes, against our National Liberation Movement, our people's revolution and socialist Albania by the Anglo-American bourgeoisie. It brings out clearly the clash between the diabolical plans, attempts, manoeuvres and concrete activities of Anglo-American imperialism to put Albania under its sway, on the one hand, and the vigilance, the blow for blow struggle of the Communist Party of Albania and its General Secretary, the leader of the Army and the National Liberation Front and the whole patriotic Alba• nian people, Comrade Enver Hoxha, on the other hand, to discover, unmask, defeat and destroy the imperialist strategy and tactics in regard to Albania. These memoirs now being published, were written in 1975. The book is available in Albanian and several foreign languages. 3 I A LITTLE HISTORY Albania — a token for barter for the «Brit- ish Lion». Disraeli and Bismarck: «We are not interested in a few Albanian cottages.» Zog — the «open-door» policy. -
TS No. 104642/62 , Copy No. CURRENT INTELLIGENCE STAFF STUDY SOVIET
I I 22 June 1962 TS No. 104642/62 , --. I Copy No. I I APPROVED FOR RELEASE DATE: MAY 2007 I CURRENT INTELLIGENCE STAFF STUDY SOVIET - ALBANIAN RELATIONS, 1940-1960 (Reference Title: ESAU XIX-62) I Office or Current lnzelllge ,I 1 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY I I WITHIN THE TITLE 18, USC, STN OR REVE I PERSON IS PROHIBI 1 SOVIET-ALBANIAN RELATIONS, 3.940-1960 This is a working paper, reviewing the course of Ssviez- Albanian relations from the birth of the Albanian Communist party in 1940 through the walkout of the Albanian leaders from the meeting of the 81 Communist parties in Moscow in November 1960. The paper examines the origins and course of the Soviet-Albanian differences and their relationship to the Sino-Soviet controversy. In preparing the paper we have had valuable assistance from a number of analysts-andcomponents of the Agency. Personnel of the Biograpbic Register of OCR have been very helpful in assist- ing us to obtain information on the early members of the AP- banian Communist party; and others of QCR, as well as OO/F.DD and @O/FBHS personne1,have been helpful in obtaining for us <' useful documents and translations of foreign Ilofthe Sino-Soviet Bloc Area of OCI and of ONE have given us useful comments and especially grateful toIr1of SsBA/QcI, whose excel- lent files have proven inva ua e and who has offered many helpful suggestions throughout the preparation of the study. The Sino-Soviet Studies Group would welcome further comment on this paper, addressed to Carroll-VaaDeventer, who -wrote the paper, or to the coordinator of the group, both at SOVIET-ALBANIAN RELATIONS 1940-1960 SU.ARY .................................................... -
Potrrrcal and Tnformattve.REVIEW
'7 i:' potrrrcAL AND tNFORMATtVE.REVIEW / TIR The editoriol ollice of the review uAlbonio Todoyo is publishing in the presenf issue o porl ol the documents ol the volumes 20, 2l ond 22 of the works of co- mrode tllYER H0XHA, which include speeches, tolks ond writings ol the yeor-lobour 196t, yeor of the ever greoter intensilicolion of the slruggle ol the Dorty ol of Albonio ogoinst the revisionist leodership of the Soviet Porty ord Stote which, througt most vicious meon3, tried to force the PLA ond the Albonion pcople to theil knees. Ihis issue includes: I The open politicol ond economic prersure ol lhe Soviet revisionisls will foi! in the loce of the delerminotion ond iron will ol the Albonion people ond communists I Slonders ond pressures do nol lrighten us- lUe do not loll on our knees I lUe must give the open ollocks of the Soviet revisionists lhe reply they deserye I The dictotorship ol the proletoriot in Albonio is olive, vigilont ond octive I An oct ol unprecedented hostility ogoinst the PRA ond lhe Albonion people I Speeches, reports ond olher writings. IINVER T-IOXI{A EI ffiTffiffip I CIP ffiffi Tll ffi HffiST TffiE $OY Recently the 21st and 22nd volumes ol the works oJ comrade Enver Hoxho catne oJt the press in Albania. These two ttolunr,es as well as yolume 20 wh,ich cawle o;t'f the press at thebeginning of February, include speeches, talks and writings ol coru,rade En",ter Hoxha of the year 7951. 7961 wastLte year oJ a tierce struggle inthe ranlcs of tlte international communist movement. -
The Shining Beacon of Socialism in Europe Jagiellon Ian Studies in History
THE SHINING BEACON OF SOCIALISM IN EUROPE JAGIELLON IAN STUDIES IN HISTORY Editor in chief Jan Jacek Bruski Vol. 3 Tadeusz Czekalski THE SHINING BEACON OF SOCIALISM IN EUROPE The Albanian State and Society in the Period of Communist Dictatorship 1944-1992 The publication of this volume was financed by the Jagiellonian University - Faculty of History REVIEWER Andrzej Chwalba SERIES COVER DESIGN Jan Jacek Bruski COVER DESIGN Agnieszka Winciorek Cover photography: Albanian youth work brigade, 1946 Translated from the Polish by Ian Corkill © Copyright by Tadeusz Czekalski & Jagiellonian University Press First edition, Kraków 2013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any eletronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers ISBN 978-83-233-3515-3 ISSN 2299-758X I wydawnictwo] www.wuj.pl Jagiellonian University Press Editorial Offices: Michałowskiego St. 9/2, 31-126 Cracow Phone: +48 12 631 18 81, +48 12 631 18 82, Fax: +48 12 631 18 83 Distribution: Phone: +48 12 631 01 97, Fax: +48 12 631 01 98 Cell Phone: + 48 506006 674, e-mail: [email protected] Bank: PEKAO SA, IBAN PL80 1240 4722 1111 0000 4856 3325 Contents Index of abbreviations.............................................................................................. 7 Introduction.............................................................................................................. -
Stony Brook University
SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Creating Light Music at the Festival of Song: Politics, Personhood, and Cultural Production in Tirana, Albania (1944-present) A Dissertation Presented by Nicholas Tochka to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music (Ethnomusicology) Stony Brook University December 2012 Copyright by Nicholas Tochka 2012 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Nicholas Tochka We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Jane C. Sugarman – Dissertation Advisor Professor of Music, City University of New York Graduate Center Sarah Fuller – Dissertation Co-Advisor Professor, Department of Music Peter Winkler - Chairperson of Defense Professor, Department of Music Frederick Moehn Lecturer in Music, King’s College London Katherine Verdery Distinguished Professor of Anthropology, City University of New York Graduate Center This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School Charles Taber Interim Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Creating Light Music at the Festival of Song: Politics, Personhood, and Cultural Production in Tirana, Albania (1944-present) by Nicholas Tochka Doctor of Philosophy in Music (Ethnomusicology) Stony Brook University 2012 Though different orders organize subjects in audibly distinguishable ways, only rarely have ethnomusicologists theorized how musical practice articulates to practices of government. Through a diachronic case study of Tirana, Albania, this dissertation interrogates how the production of popular music has supported the production of popular consent to illiberal regimes both socialist (1944-1992) and capitalist (1992-present). -
November 25, 1964 Notes from a Meeting Between a Delegation of the KWP and Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified November 25, 1964 Notes from a Meeting between a Delegation of the KWP and Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu Citation: “Notes from a Meeting between a Delegation of the KWP and Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu,” November 25, 1964, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, AQPPSH, MPP Korese, V. 1964, D 2. Translated by Enkel Daljani http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114430 Summary: The Albanian leaders laud the cultural achievements of North Korea and Pyongyang's struggle against revisionism and comment on the production of chemical fertilizers. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Leon Levy Foundation. Original Language: Albanian Contents: English Translation NOTES TAKEN DURING THE MEETING BETWEEN THE DELEGATION OF THE KOREAN WORKERS’ PARTY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA THAT HAS COME TO OUR COUNTRY TO TAKE PART IN THE CELEBRATIONS OF THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE LIBERATION, AND THE FIRST SECRETARY OF THE ALBANIAN LABOR PARTY CC, COMRADE ENVER HOXHA AND THE MEMBER OF THE POLITICAL BUREAU AND CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA, COMRADE MEHMET SHEHU, AT 6.30 PM, ON NOVEMBER 25, 1964 From the Albanian side there were present: the Member of the Political Bureau of the ALP CC and First Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Manush Myftiu; Member of the Political Bureau of the ALP CC, Ramiz Alia; Candidate to the Political Bureau of the ALP CC and Minister of the Interior, Kadri Hazbiu; Candidate to the ALP CC and Vice President of the State Planning Commission, Petro Dode; Director of the Foreign Affairs Directorate of the ALP CC, Piro Bita; and First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Vasil Nathanaili.