Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis Summer 2017 Volume 8, Issue 8, P.1
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Notes on the Interactive Organization of Assessments CHARLES
Concurrent Operationson Talk: Notes on the Interactive Organization of Assessments CHARLES GOODWIN MARJORIE HARNESS GOODWIN* The analysis of conversation has a strong relevance to the study of pragmatics.Thus in introducing the scope of pragmatics Levinson(1983: 284) notes that It is not hard to see why one should look to conversationfor insight into pragmatic phenomena, for conversation is clearly the prototypical kind of languageusage, the form in which we are all first exposed to language the matrix for language acquisition. The field of study that has provided the most extensive analysis of the pragmatic organization of conversation is the line of inquiry initiated by the late Harvey Sacks and his colleagues.l Indeed * We are very deeply indebted to Alessandro Duranti, William Hanks, Gail Jefferson and Emanuel Schegloff for insightful commentsand suggestionson an earlier version of this analysis. This paper was initially presented at the Annual Meeting of the American SociologicalAssociation, San Francisco, September 9, 1982. l. For a detailed study of both work in conversation analysis, and how that work is relevant to pragmatics in general, see Levinson (1983). See Heritage (l98 a) for more extensive treatmentof the relationship between conversation analysis and the ethnomethodologicaltradition it emerged from within sociology,and Heritage (1985) for a detailed summary of work within the field. For collections of specific analysis see for example Atkinson and Heritage (1984), Button and Lee (in press),Schenkein (1978), and Zimmerman and West (1980). C. Goodwin (1981) and Heath (1986) examine in detail the IPRAPapers in Pragntaticsl, No.l (1987), l-54 2 Levinson(1983: 285) observesthat insl if, as we shall argue, the proper way to study the conversational organization is through empirical bet techniques, this suggests that the largely pro philosophical traditions that have given rise to abo pragmatics may have to yield in the future to more inv empirical kinds of investigationof languageuse. -
Durkheim Lulu4 Defdefdef QUATTRO Watermerk
Chapter 1. A century of commentary and debate around Durkheim and Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse 1.1. Introduction As is to be expected in regard of a ‘Founding Father’ of the social sciences, the international literature around Durkheim is enormous. I cannot be expected to present here a full discussion even of the religiously relevant aspects of that literature. However, some selective treatment is imperative so as to provide the necessary background for the chapters that are to follow. I shall first briefly situate Durkheim in his time and age, with special emphasis on his political views and his ethnic identity as a secularised Jew. Then we turn to Durkheim’s relation with the discipline in which he was originally trained, philosophy, and articulate his transition to sociology. Our focus in the present book is upon Les Formes Élémentaires de la Vie Religieuse , and we shall have a look at that book’s contents and method, before turning to its specific commentators, both shortly after its publication, and then in the course of the 20th c. CE and up to the present. We will conclude with a brief indication of where we will go after this first chapter. 47 1.2. Durkheim against the background of his time and age 1.2.1. Durkheim’s political views Durkheim had a keen eye for the political developments in his native country, France, at the time. During his lifetime (1858-1917) that country went through a period of restored monarchy under Napoleon III, was defeated in the war with Prussia (1870), knew internal turmoil (the Commune de Paris ) which ended in the Third Republic, and after a period of relative prosperity, bliss and colonial expansion in Africa and Asia, was drawn into World War I (1914-1918). -
"Context" Within Conversation Analysis
Raclaw: Approaches to "Context" within Conversation Analysis Approaches to "Context" within Conversation Analysis Joshua Raclaw University of Colorado This paper examines the use of "context" as both a participant’s and an analyst’s resource with conversation analytic (CA) research. The discussion focuses on the production and definition of context within two branches of CA, "traditional CA" and "institutional CA". The discussion argues against a single, monolithic understanding of "context" as the term is often used within the CA literature, instead highlighting the various ways that the term is used and understood by analysts working across the different branches of CA. The paper ultimately calls for further reflexive discussions of analytic practice among analysts, similar to those seen in other areas of sociocultural linguistic research. 1. Introduction The concept of context has been a critical one within sociocultural linguistics. The varied approaches to the study of language and social interaction – linguistic, anthropological, sociological, and otherwise – each entail the particulars for how the analyst defines the context in which language is produced. Goodwin and Duranti (1992) note the import of the term within the field of pragmatics (citing Morris 1938; Carnap 1942; Bar-Hillel 1954; Gazdar 1979; Ochs 1979; Levinson 1983; and Leech 1983), anthropological and ethnographic studies of language use (citing Malinowski 1923, 1934; Jakobson 1960; Gumperz and Hymes 1972; Hymes 1972, 1974; and Bauman and Sherzer 1974), and quantitative and variationist sociolinguistics (citing Labov 1966, 1972a, and 1972b).1 To this list we can add a number of frameworks for doing socially-oriented discourse analysis, including conversation analysis (CA), critical discourse analysis (CDA), and discursive psychology (DP). -
PDF of Chapter
Ten-Have-01.qxd 6/6/2007 6:55 PM Page 1 Part 1 Considering CA Ten-Have-01.qxd 6/6/2007 6:55 PM Page 2 Ten-Have-01.qxd 6/6/2007 6:55 PM Page 3 1 Introducing the CA Paradigm Contents What is ‘conversation analysis’? 3 The emergence of CA 5 The development of CA 7 Why do CA? 9 Contrastive properties 9 Requirements 10 Rewards 10 Purpose and plan of the book 11 Exercise 13 Recommended reading 13 Notes 13 Conversation analysis1 (or CA) is a rather specific analytic endeavour. This chapter provides a basic characterization of CA as an explication of the ways in which conversationalists maintain an interactional social order. I describe its emergence as a discipline of its own, confronting recordings of telephone calls with notions derived from Harold Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology and Erving Goffman’s conceptual studies of an interaction order. Later developments in CA are covered in broad terms. Finally, the general outline and purpose of the book is explained. What is ‘conversation analysis’? People talking together,‘conversation’, is one of the most mundane of all topics. It has been available for study for ages, but only quite recently,in the early 1960s, has it gained the serious and sustained attention of scientific investigation. Before then, what was written on the subject was mainly normative: how one should speak, rather than how people actually speak. The general impression was that ordinary conversation is chaotic and disorderly. It was only with the advent of recording devices, and the willingness and ability to study such a mundane phenomenon in depth, that ‘the order of conversation’ – or rather, as we shall see, a multiplicity of ‘orders’ – was discovered. -
Conversation Analysis
Hoey, E. M. & Kendrick, K. H. (in press). Conversation Analysis. In A. M. B. de Groot & P. Hagoort (eds.), Research Methods in Psycholinguistics: A Practical Guide. Wiley Blackwell. Conversation Analysis Elliott M. Hoey Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Kobin H. Kendrick Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Abstract Conversation Analysis (CA) is an inductive, micro-analytic, and predominantly qualitative method for studying human social interactions. This chapter describes and illustrates the basic methods of CA. We first situate the method by describing its sociological foundations, key areas of analysis, and particular approach in using naturally occurring data. The bulk of the chapter is devoted to practical explanations of the typical conversation analytic process for collecting data and producing an analysis. We analyze a candidate interactional practice – the assessment- implicative interrogative – using real data extracts as a demonstration of the method, explicitly laying out the relevant questions and considerations for every stage of an analysis. The chapter concludes with some discussion of quantitative approaches to conversational interaction, and links between CA and psycholinguistic concerns. Keywords: conversation analysis, social interaction, qualitative research methods, naturalistic observation, sequence organization, turn taking, repair, social action, assessments Acknowledgments We thank Gene Lerner for granting us access and permission to some of the data used in this chapter. We also thank Will Schuerman -
Journal of Classical Sociology
Journal of Classical Sociology http://jcs.sagepub.com/ This is social science: A 'patterned activity' oriented to attaining objective knowledge of human society Eric Malczewski Journal of Classical Sociology 2014 14: 341 originally published online 22 August 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1468795X13495124 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/14/4/341 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journal of Classical Sociology can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jcs.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jcs.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/14/4/341.refs.html >> Version of Record - Oct 21, 2014 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Aug 22, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from jcs.sagepub.com by guest on October 21, 2014 JCS14410.1177/1468795X13495124Journal of Classical SociologyMalczewski 4951242013 Article Journal of Classical Sociology 2014, Vol. 14(4) 341 –362 This is social science: © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: A ‘patterned activity’ sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1468795X13495124 oriented to attaining objective jcs.sagepub.com knowledge of human society Eric Malczewski Harvard University, USA Abstract The aim of this article is to demonstrate that approaching social science as a ‘patterned activity’ draws attention both to the distinctive nature of social science and to its central subject matter – meaningful (symbolically oriented) behavior and theoretical entities based on it – enabling therefore a constructive perspective on the major debate regarding social science’s organizing principles. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 052165145X - Epistemology and Practice: Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of Religious Life Anne Warfield Rawls Frontmatter More information Epistemology and Practice In this original and controversial book Professor Rawls argues that Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of Religious Life is the crowning achievement of his sociological endeavour and that since its publica- tion in English in 1915it has been consistently misunderstood. Rather than a work on primitive religion or the sociology of knowledge, Rawls asserts that it is an attempt by Durkheim to establish a unique epistemo- logical basis for the study of sociology and moral relations. By privileging social practice over beliefs and ideas, it avoids the dilemmas inherent in philosophical approaches to knowledge and morality that are based on individualism and the tendency to treat concepts as the limit of knowl- edge, both tendancies that dominate western thought. Based on detailed textual analysis of the primary text, this book will be an important and original contribution to contemporary debates on social theory and philosophy. Anne Warfield Rawls is Associate Professor of Sociology at Bentley College, Waltham, Massachusetts. She has a background in both sociol- ogy and philosophy and has published extensively on social theory and social justice. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 052165145X - Epistemology and Practice: Durkheim’s The Elementary Forms of Religious Life Anne Warfield Rawls Frontmatter More information -
EMCA News , Our Final Issue As Co-Chairs
Summer 2008 Vol 2, Issue 2 EMCA THE OFFICAL NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION SECTION ON ETHNOMETHODOLOGY AND CONVERSATION ANALYSIS news 2006-2008 S ECTION OFFICERS MESSAGE FROM THE SECTION CO-CHAIRS Co-Chairs Gary David Bentley College Welcome to the Summer 2008 issue of EMCA News , our final issue as co-chairs. [email protected] There are good reasons to page ahead at this point. In the following pages we Virginia Teas Gill announce the winners of the 2008 EMCA section awards and the results of the Illinois State University recent election for new section officers. You will also find the schedule of EM [email protected] and CA sessions to be held at ASA, announcements about new books, upcoming conferences, calls for papers, new Ph.D.s, and more. This is all evidence of a Co-Secretary/Treasurers Steven Clayman thriving discipline - not without its challenges, but that's to be expected. We University of California-Los Angeles hope you'll page back so we can share with you some reflections on the section's [email protected] achievements over the last two years, as well as some of the challenges we face. John Heritage University of California-Los Angeles We have been proud to lead the EMCA section at an early phase in its [email protected] development. Because of the work Doug Maynard, Anne Rawls, and others did to form the section, we were able to hit the ground running in 2006. We have Council Members tried to build a strong foundation upon which it can continue to grow. -
Copyrighted Material
1 Introduction TANYA StiVERs University of California, Los Angeles JAcK SiDNEll University of Toronto 1 Introduction The field of ConversationA nalysis (CA) began with just three people, Emanuel Schegloff, Harvey Sacks and Gail Jefferson. It grew, as many new enterprises do, out of a dissatisfaction with the methodologies and theories of the time, as they pertained to everyday social behavior. Forty years later, CA is the dominant approach to the study of human social interaction across the disciplines of Sociology, Linguistics and Communication. The most recent international confer- ence on Conversation Analysis (ICCA-2010) boasted more than 600 attendees. CA publications are estimated to be over 5,000 in number and growing rapidly. In short, CA in the 21st century represents a rich and vibrant community of inter- national scholars working across a wide range of languages, institutional and ordinary contexts, and disciplinary boundaries. It is precisely because of this vibrancy that the time is right for a handbook of CA. In perusing the volume, the reader will readily see the solidity of the field, indexed not only by the number of scholars working within this paradigm, but also by the range of topics and interests in the field and the ways in which CA scholars are reaching to connect conversation analytic findings to other fields of inquiry, thereby continuing to increase the breadth and intellectual reach of CA. Our introductionCOPYRIGHTED to this volume is necessarily MATERIAL brief. However, in it we hope to contextualize the rest of the volume by discussing CA relative to other approaches to language use and social interaction, the interdisciplinary nature of CA, and its The Handbook of Conversation Analysis, First Edition. -
7:00 Am Meetings Section on Environment and Technology
7:00 am Meetings processes offer to theory, health interventions, and health policy? Section on Environment and Technology Council Meeting 454. Thematic Session. The Social Construction of Palais des congrès de Montréal, 517B, 7:00-8:15am Intellectual Property Palais des congrès de Montréal, 511D, 8:30-10:10am Section on Sociology of Religion Council Meeting Session Organizer: Bruce G. Carruthers, Northwestern Palais des congrès de Montréal, 520B, 7:00-8:15am University Presider: Bruce G. Carruthers, Northwestern University Section on Sociology of Sexualities Planning Committee Panelists: Bruce G. Carruthers, Northwestern University Palais des congrès de Montréal, 523B, 7:00-8:15am Jeannette Anastasia Colyvas, Northwestern University Section on the Sociology of the Family Council Meeting Heather A. Haveman, UC Berkeley Palais des congrès de Montréal, 520C, 7:00-8:15am The leading firms in the world economy are increasingly formed around the control of intellectual property rights (e.g., patents, copyrights, Task Force on Contingent Faculty trademarks). If the economy of the future is all about ferreting out and exploiting the rent-generating opportunities around intellectual property rights, Palais des congrès de Montréal, 523A, 7:00-8:15am it is important to understand how these rights are constructed, the implications of alternative forms of construction for the economy and employment, and the 8:30 am Meetings main ways in which the construction of such rights might change or evolve. 2016-17 ASA Council Members-at-Large 455. Special -
A Simplest Systematics for the Organization of Turn-Taking for Conversation
A SIMPLEST SYSTEMATICS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TURN-TAKING FOR CONVERSATION HARVEY SACKS EMANUEL A. SCHEGLOFF GAIL JEFFERSON University of California, University of California, University of Pennsylvania Irvine Los Angeles The organization of taking turns to talk is fundamental to conversation, as well as to other speech-exchange systems. A model for the turn-taking organization for conversation is proposed, and is examined for its compatibility with a list of grossly observable facts about conversation. The results of the examination suggest that, at least, a model for turn-taking in conversation will be characterized as locally man- aged, party-administered, interactionally controlled, and sensitive to recipient design. Several general consequences of the model are explicated, and contrasts are sketched with turn-taking organizations for other speech-exchange systems.* 1. INTRODUCTION. Turn-taking is used for the ordering of moves in games, for allocating political office, for regulating traffic at intersections, for serving customers at business establishments, and for talking in interviews, meetings, debates, cere- monies, conversations etc.-these last being members of the set which we shall refer to as 'speech exchange systems'. It is obviously a prominent type of social organization, one whose instances are implicated in a wide range of other activities. For socially organized activities, the presence of 'turns' suggests an economy, with turns for something being valued-and with means for allocating them, which affect their relative distribution, as in economies. An investigator interested in the sociology of a turn-organized activity will want to determine, at least, the shape of the turn-taking organization device, and how it affects the distribution of turns for the activities on which it operates. -
What Is…. Ethnomethodology?
WHAT IS…. ETHNOMETHODOLOGY? Wes Sharrock The name • By analogy with anthropological specialisms – ethnoscience, ethnobotany • All studies of forms of indigenous understanding • Ethnomethodology – study of indigenous understanding of methods What indigenous methods? • Method in the sense of ‘methodic’ • Methodic ways of organising practical affairs • Organising practical affairs so that they are ‘observable and reportable’ Origins • Originated by Harold Garfinkel (1917 - ) and Harvey Sacks (1935 – 1975) • Sourced in a phenomenological critique of mid-twentieth century theoretical and methodological options in US sociology • Specifically, critique of (a) Talcott Parsons’ theories and (b) empiricist methdology Foundational texts • Harold Garfinkel, Studies in Ethnomethodology, 1967 • Harvey Sacks, Lectures in Conversation, 1992 (lectures given 1965 – 75) Respecification • Ethnomethodology a dissident sociology • Retains a connection to sociological themes but thinks of itself as: • An alternate, asymmetrical and incommensurable sociology This means?? • That one can ‘respecify’ any sociological topic for ethnomethodology (alternate) • Can investigate that topic in ethnomethodology’s terms but not vice- versa (asymmetric) • Results will not answer the original question (incommensurable) How and Why? • Sociology a natural language discipline, social life carried on through use of natural language • This relationship not otherwise much explored • Ethnomethodology’s project: to understand how social order is produced through ‘mastery of natural