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Appendix C: Leader Selection Procedures of Peer Associations

American Political Science Association

Officers and Council: • President-elect – succeeds the current President for a one-year term at the end of the annual meeting of the Association in the year following election as President-elect. (The President who has most recently completed the term in office becomes the Immediate Past President at that time.) • Three vice-presidents – one-year terms. (Must be former council members) • Treasurer – three-year term. (Elected every third year.) • Eight members of the Council – three-year terms. (There are twenty-four at-large members of the Council; eight are elected each year for overlapping terms; members of Council may not serve consecutive terms.) At-large members of the Council may not serve consecutive terms.

Election Procedures: • Nominations committee of 6 is appointed by the APSA presidents (3 per year, each committee member serves 2 years). Committee members selected with “due regard for geographic distribution, field of professional interest, methodological orientation, types of institutions where members are employed, race, ethnicity, gender and gender identity, sexuality disability, and other important forms of diversity” • The Committee nominates to the membership candidates for the positions of President-elect, three Vice Presidents, eight at-large Council members each year2, and a Treasurer every three years • APSA Members can suggest candidates to nominations committee • Nominations Committee prepares a slate with “due regard for geographic distribution, field of professional interest, methodological orientation, types of institutions where members are employed, race, ethnicity, gender and gender identity, sexuality disability, and other important forms of diversity” • Nominations by petition are allowed (if 50 members support a petition for council member or officer, that person gets on the ballot) 2

• Election occurs electronically over the summer before APSA meeting with a minimum of 30 days of voting • 10% of APSA membership must vote for valid election • Contested slots require plurality vote; uncontested slots require more for votes than against.

Relevant Documents: https://www.apsanet.org/ABOUT/Governance/Elections http://www.apsanet.org/Portals/54/goverance/Rules%20for%20the%20conduct%20of%20Electi ons.pdf?ver=2017-05-30-170440-520

American Sociological Association

Officers and Council: • President, a President-Elect, a Past President, a Vice-President, a Vice-President-Elect, a Past Vice-President, a Secretary, and the members of the Council. • The President-Elect and the Vice-President-Elect shall serve for one year and shall then automatically become President and Vice-President respectively for one-year terms. • The Secretary shall be elected by the voting membership for a three-year term and is ineligible for re-election. The Secretary-Elect shall serve for one full year prior to the three-year term as Secretary, during which year the Secretary-Elect shall sit as a non-voting member of the Council. • The Council shall consist of a maximum of nineteen voting members: up to seven ex officio, and precisely twelve elected-at-large. The ex officio members shall be the President, Past President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Past Vice-President, Vice-President Elect and Secretary. The members-at-large shall be elected for staggered three-year terms, with four elected each year. No member-at-large shall be eligible for re-election to the Council as a member-at-large until one year after the expiration of the prior term, and no individual shall be eligible for re-election as a member-at-large of the Council after having served two such terms.

Election Procedures: • Council Members-at-Large, under the guidance of the Vice President-Elect, provide nominations for vacancies on the Committee on Nominations. 3

• Members are encouraged to suggest nominees • Committee on Nominations prepares a slate with two candidates for: President-Elect, Vice President-Elect, and Secretary-Elect and for each opening among Council Members-at-Large, the Committee on Committees, and the Committee on Publications. • Petition candidates are allowed (petitions supported by 50 members for council or 100 members for officers are placed on the ballot). • Appears to be paper ballot (though that is unclear from the bylaws) • Majority/plurality voting rules with no mention of quorum

Relevant Documents: http://www.asanet.org/about-asa/governance/election-information/nomination-and-election- policies-and-procedures http://www.asanet.org/about-asa/governance/asa-constitution-and-bylaws

African Studies Association

Officers and Council: • Board of Directors model with board consisting of president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, past president • Vice-president ascends to presidency after one year. • Board members constitute various committees (finance, nominations, etc.)

Election Procedures: • The Nominations Committee is chaired by the Vice President. It makes recommendations for the Association's annual election slate and reviews policies related to membership. • Electronic voting

Relevant Documents: https://africanstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/PP-2012.pdf

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Latin American Studies Association

Officers and Council: • President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Past president • Vice-President automatically ascends to presidency, new vice-president elected by membership every year. Treasure serves for 3 years; members elects every 2 • The Executive Council shall consist of: eleven voting members (the Immediate Past President, President, Vice President, Treasurer, a Graduate Student, and six elected members), and the following ex officio members with voice but no vote: the LASA Executive Director, the Editor of the Latin American Research Review, the current Congress Program Chair(s), the Editor(s) of the Latin American Research Commons (LARC), and the Strategic Plan Oversight Committee. • Elected council members serve 2-year terms, staggered so that 3 members are elected each year

Election Procedures: • A Nominations Committee of no fewer than five persons nor more than seven, including a chairperson, shall be appointed by the Executive Council every year to select candidates for Vice President and Executive Council. • In constituting the Nominations Committee, the Executive Council shall endeavor to achieve diversity of region, discipline, gender, and by such other criteria as may be judged appropriate. • The Nominations Committee must put forth at least two candidates for each position opening to be elected. • The Nominations Committee in making its selections, and the Executive Council in reviewing them, shall take into account the following attributes for candidates, adhering to these guidelines: • Each nominee for office on the official ballot must have been a member of the Association in good standing for at least one year prior to nomination; • Disciplines: The Committee shall seek to assure that at least four different disciplines are represented on the Executive Council at all times; • Geography: The Committee shall seek to assure representation on the Executive Council from the various regions in which members reside; • Age and academic rank or its equivalent: The Committee shall seek to assure that younger members are represented on the Executive Council at all times; 5

• Gender: The Committee shall seek to assure that all genders should be represented among the nominees for the Executive Council at all times. • Electronic balloting • Top 3 council candidates elected, next 3 serve as alternates

Relevant Documents: https://lasaweb.org/en/constitution-laws/

British International Studies Association

Officers and Council: • Executive Committee model with: Chair, Vice-Chair, Honorary Secretary, Honorary Treasure • 8 elected Trustees • All elected positions are for a term of 2 years

Election Procedures: • BISA is constituted as a charitable corporation, so their election procedures are opaque however based on their website descriptions, it appears that members nominate other members to serve on the Executive committee and voting by members is done via emails. • According to their Elections & Nominations page, “nominations are invited from Full, Emeritus & Early career members of BISA for election to the Executive Committee, specifically for the positions of Honorary Treasurer, Vice-Chair and two Committee members (see below for role descriptions) We ask that nominees be based in the UK for logistical reasons." • Our Executive Committee is our main governing body. The Executive Committee manages our income, funds and activities, according to our governing documents. Committee members come from a wide range of academic backgrounds and comprise of the four honorary officers, including the chair, and eight ordinary members.

Relevant Documents: https://www.bisa.ac.uk/index.php/elections-and-nominations 6

https://www.bisa.ac.uk/files/About%20BISA/Articles_of_Association_- As_Amended_June_2013.pdf

American Historical Association

Officers and Councils: • Six elected officers: the president, president-elect, immediate past president, and the vice presidents of the Professional, Research, and Teaching divisions • Ten elected councilors: three members representing each division and one at-large member with no divisional responsibilities (the at large member is a graduate student—Ph.D. candidate) • Three appointed officers: the executive director, the editor of the American Historical Review, and the treasurer as nonvoting members • President and president-elect serve one-year terms • The vice-presidents shall be elected for staggered three-year terms.

Election procedures: • There shall be an annual election for the offices of president, president-elect; a vice-president; and members of the divisions, Nominating Committee, Committee on Committees; and the unexpired term of any elected position that is vacant. • The nominating committee shall nominate two persons for each elected office of the association, except in the case of the president • Nominations from members are encouraged • Nominations committee develops the slate of candidates • Election shall be by plurality of the votes cast for each vacancy.

Relevant Documents: https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/governance https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/governance/constitution-and-bylaws

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American Association of Anthropology

Officers and Councils: • President, President-elect/Vice President, and Secretary, elected by the Members • Executive Board members, elected by the Members • Executive Secretary (optional), a Treasurer, and an Executive Director, appointed by the Executive Board • The President serves for two (2) years. • The Secretary is elected for three years. • The Treasurer is appointed by the Executive Board. • The Executive Director is appointed by the Executive Board

Election Procedures: • Candidates for any elected Association office shall be nominated by the Executive Board or, with the exception of the three Section Assembly designated seats on the Executive Board, may be nominated by Members. • The Executive Board shall nominate two (2) persons for each vacant Association office. • A Nominations Committee of nine (9) Members elected by the Association's membership for three-year terms shall prepare slates of potential nominees for each vacant elected Association office, except for those vacancies on the Nominations Committee itself, for the Executive Board's consideration. • The Nominations Committee shall consist of nine (9) voting Members, and shall consist of (a) six (6) positions, one each of which shall be designated for Cultural Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Practicing-Professional Anthropology, and a Minority Member, (b) two (2) positions which shall be non-designated, and (c) a Chair which shall be the Secretary of the Association. • Any fifty (50) Members in good standing may propose a candidate for any elected Association office, provided the proposed nomination is received in writing by the Secretary at least thirty (30) days before the deadline for filing statements of willingness to serve, as set by the Executive Board. • AAA members nominate themselves via an online application form. Nominees must also submit a CV (5 pages maximum) tailored to the position, and the names and email addresses of two people 8

who will support the nomination. Nominees may run for several positions but must rank order their preferences.

Relevant Documents: https://www.americananthro.org/ConnectWithAAA/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1775&navItem Number=761

American Association of Geographers

Officers and Council: • President, a Vice-President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The President and Vice-President shall be elected at-large. • The Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected by Council from among its own members. • The Councilors shall be six elected at-large, one elected from and by each regional division, and one elected from and by the student members of the association. • A Nominating Committee and an Honors Committee shall be elected at-large annually. • The terms of office shall be one year for President, Vice-President, and members of the Nominating Committee; two years for Secretary and Treasurer, or for the duration of his/her term on Council, and the Honors Committee, three years both for National and for Regional Councilors, and two years for the Student Councilor. • The President, Vice-President, and those Councilors serving full terms shall not be eligible for reelection for a term not to exceed their Council term. • The terms of office of the Councilors shall be arranged so that, except for the Student Councilor, one-third of those elected at-large and one-third of those elected by the Divisions shall be retired each year.

Election Procedures: • Officers: The Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected by the Council from among its own members. The Nominating Committee shall make two or more nominations for each other office except that the Vice-President may be named as a single candidate for the Presidency; if the Vice- President is not able to accept this candidacy, the Nominating Committee must nominate at least 9

two candidates for the Presidency. The Nominating Committee shall submit its slate of candidates to the AAG Office in accordance with the timetable designated by Council in the Standing Rules. The membership shall be promptly notified of these nominations. Additional nominations may be made in writing by any 50 members of the Association if received in the AAG Office within the time frame established by Council and outlined in the Association's Standing Rules. The Council shall have power to fill vacancies until the next election. • Elective Committees: A Nominating Committee of three members and an Honors Committee of three members shall be elected by mailed or electronic ballot or by any other means authorized under applicable District of Columbia law at the same time and in the same manner as officers and at-large Councilors. The Council shall make at least six nominations each for members of the Nominating Committee and of the Honors Committee. Nominations by Council to these committees shall be sent to the Members with the nominations for Officers and Councilors; additional nominations may be made in the manner prescribed for Officers and Councilors. Five years must elapse before a Past President can be a member of the Nominating Committee. • Voting by Members: All members of the Association shall have a single vote to cast in all matters. Member voting shall be conducted in a format and manner determined by the Council and as set forth in these Bylaws, including but not limited to mailed or electronic ballot, or by any other means authorized under applicable District of Columbia law. Members unable to vote by electronic means shall have the option by request to vote by other appropriate means.

Relevant Documents http://www.aag.org/cs/about_aag/governance/constitution_and_bylaws

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American Economic Society

Officers and Council: • Elective officers: President, a President-elect, two Vice-Presidents, and six elected members of the Executive Committee. • The terms of the office of the two Vice-Presidents shall each be one year, and the terms of office of the six elected members of the Executive Committee shall each be three years, two of the six terms to expire each year. • The President-elect elected in any year shall succeed to the presidency in the following year. • Appointed by the Executive Committee: Secretary, a Treasurer, the Editors of its scholarly journals, and a Counsel. The terms of office of each of these officers shall be three years. • For elective and for appointed officers, each regular term of office shall begin on the last day of the next annual meeting succeeding the election of officers by the membership; provided, however, that in the event the next annual meeting has not been held by February 1 of the next succeeding year, such term shall commence as of such date. It shall end on the earlier of (a) the last day of the annual meeting determined by the length of that term as specified in Section 1 and 2 or (b) February 1 of such year.

Elections Procedures • Before October 1 of each year, the President-elect of the Association shall appoint a Nominating Committee for the following year, this Committee to consist of a past officer as Chairman and not less than five other members of the Association. In addition to appointees chosen by the President- elect, the Committee shall include any other member of the Association nominated by petition including signatures and addresses of not less than two percent of the members of the Association, delivered to the Secretary before December 1. No member of the Association may validly petition for more than one nominee for the Committee. • The names of the Committee shall be announced to the membership immediately following its appointment and the membership invited to suggest nominees for the various offices to the Committee. The Nominating Committee for each year shall be instructed to present to the Executive Committee on or before April 30 at least two names of members to be considered as nominee for President-elect and two or more nominations for each other elective office to be filled, 11 except the presidency, all these nominees being members of the Association. The members of the Nominating and Executive Committees shall constitute an Electoral College which shall consider the names of members presented to the Executive Committee for nomination as President-elect and select a single candidate for that office. • In voting in the Electoral College each member shall have one vote provided that the number of members of the Nominating Committee present does not exceed the number of members of the Executive Committee present; otherwise, the members of the Nominating Committee present shall have fractional votes such that their sum equals the number of members of the Executive Committee present. • The Secretary shall announce the actions of the Nominating Committee and the Electoral College to members of the Association not later than June 1. An additional nomination for any office may be made by petition, delivered to the Secretary by August 1, including signatures and addresses of not less than six percent of the membership of the Association for the office of President-elect and four percent for each of the other offices. No member of the Association may validly petition for more than one nominee for the Executive Committee, one nominee for Vice-President, and one nominee for President- elect. • The election of officers by the membership shall take place by a ballot conducted by the Secretary each year. The ballot shall list all nominees alphabetically with indication “nominated by petition” where applicable. Space shall be provided on the ballot for the individual voter’s alternative choice for all offices. The Secretary shall distribute the ballots to all members as soon as practicable after August 1 and set a deadline for receipt of ballots in the Secretary’s office no earlier than October 1 and no later than November 1. The candidates with the highest number of votes for the various offices will be elected. The results of the election shall be certified and announced by the Secretary at the annual business meeting or in the American Economic Review.

Relevant documents https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=189

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American Psychological Association

Officers and Council: • Council shall be composed of Representatives of Divisions; Representatives of State, Provincial and Territorial Psychological Associations; members of the Board of Directors; the Officers of the Association (the chief executive officer shall serve without vote); and the Chair, Chair-elect or other designee from the Executive Committee of the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students (APAGS). • A Council member who has served for six consecutive years shall not be eligible for election or appointment for a period of one year as a Representative from any Division, State/ Provincial/Territorial Association, or coalition. • The Board of Directors shall consist of the President, the President-elect, the Past President, the Recording Secretary, the Treasurer, the chief executive officer (without vote), the APAGS Past Chair or other designee from the APAGS Executive Committee, the Chair and Chair-elect of any leadership group elected by Council, six members-at-large and the Public Member. All members of the Board of Directors shall serve until their successors are elected and qualify. • The Public Member shall be appointed by the Board of Directors for a three-year term under procedures defined in the Association Rules. The Public Member shall not succeed themself in this office.

Election Procedures: • Each APA Fellow, Member, and voting Associate member shall choose the Division(s) or State/Provincial/Territorial Association(s) through which he/she elected to have his/her interest represented on Council by allocating, at the time of the annual dues statement, a total of ten (10) votes to the Division(s) and/or State/Provincial/Territorial Association(s) through which he/she wishes to be represented the following year. However, only Fellows, Members (or voting Associate members) of the Divisions or State/Provincial/Territorial Associations so designated will be allowed to nominate and elect their Council Representatives. • The members-at-large of the Board of Directors shall be Members of the Association elected by a preferential ballot by the voting Members of the Association and shall serve for staggered terms of three years. The members-at-large shall not succeed themselves in this office nor be eligible to 13

appear as a candidate on the Recording Secretary or Treasurer election ballots for at least one year after their term has expired. • The Election Committee shall issue annually a call by mail to all voting members of the Association for nominations for the office of President-elect. The nomination ballots shall provide spaces for at least three names to be listed in order of preference. Forty-five days after mailing the nomination ballots, the Election Committee shall close nominations and shall make a preferential count of nominees for President-elect. The Election Committee shall then prepare for the final election ballot a slate including the names of the five persons who receive the largest numbers of nominating votes. • Forty-five days after mailing a final ballot, the Election Committee shall close the election and shall make a preferential count of the election ballot. Tie votes shall be resolved by lot. The Election Committee shall also secure reports from the Divisions and from the State/Provincial Associations of the results of all elections conducted by them. The election results shall be reported by the Election Committee to the Board of Directors and Council within thirty days after the ballot closes.

Relevant documents https://www.apa.org/about/governance/bylaws/article-5 https://www.apa.org/about/governance/bylaws/article-10

European Political Science Association

Officers and Council: • The EPSA Council consists of a President, the previous president, an Executive Director, a Treasurer-Vice President, a Chair of the Program Committee and between three and four elected Council Members. The Executive Director, the Treasurer-Vice-President, and the Chair of the Programme Committee shall be appointed by the board of EPSAL. • The Editor of the PSRM will be selected by a search committee and become a member of the Council for the tenure of the editorship. The council also formally selects the co-editors based on nominations made by the Editor.

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Elections Procedures: • The President is elected by simple majority of the Council members and serves for a tenure of two years. After the tenure of the President terminates, this past President serves on the Council for another two years. • The elective officers shall be chosen by electronic vote of the members of the Association. Nominations are made by the Council. Tenure of elected Council members is three years.

Relevant Documents https://www.epsanet.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/EPSA-Constitution_2013.pdf

Middle East Studies Association

Officers and Council: • The Officers of the Association shall be a President, who shall serve a two-year term and serve as Chair of the Board, a President-Elect or an immediate Past-President, an Executive Director, and a Treasurer. One person may not hold two or more of the aforesaid offices except those of the Executive Director and Treasurer. The President-Elect and the Past-President shall not hold office at the same time.

Elections Procedures: • The President-Elect shall be elected biennially by the members. • The Nominating Committee shall nominate Fellows as candidates for office. It shall nominate two Fellows for the office of a President-Elect. • Additional nominations may be made by petition from the membership to the Nominating Committee. Any Fellows Member may be nominated a candidate for Officer by a petition signed by twenty-five Fellows in good standing provided the nominee has agreed to run and the petition is received at the Secretariat by the tenth of June. • The Committee shall, with the help of the Executive Director, conduct the election. Ballots shall be provided by the Secretariat in sufficient time so that they may be reasonably returned by a deadline before the Annual Meeting. 15

• The Nominating Committee may instruct the Executive Director to count the ballots and to have the results certified by a notary public. A plurality of the votes cast shall be required for election. Only the Ballots of members in good standing shall be counted. In preparing the list of nominees, the Nominating Committee shall keep in mind the desirability of having representation on the Board from the various sections of the United States and Canada, as well as scholars representing interests in the several regions of the Middle East and the various disciplines represented in Middle Eastern studies.

Relevant Documents https://mesana.org/about/bylaws

Association for Asian Studies

Officers and Council: • The Association’s officers shall be the President, the Vice-President, the Past President and the Past-Past President, elected by procedures specified in the Bylaws; and such editors as are appointed officers by the Board of Directors. • The Board of Directors shall consist of the President, the Vice-President, the Past President, the Past-Past President, the chairpersons of the five councils, and such editors and committee chairs as have been appointed by the Board of Directors. • Each of the five councils (four area councils and the Council of Conferences) shall be represented on the Board of Directors by their elected council chairperson. • President, Vice President, Past President, and Past-Past President) form the Board’s Executive Committee. Each of the four Area Councils (China & Inner Asia, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia) elects a representative to the Board, as does the Council of Conferences. • The Journal of Asian Studies editor, chair of the Annual Conference Program Committee, and chair of the Finance Committee all sit on the Board as well. The AAS Executive Director is an ex officio member of the Board. • The Vice-President, after his/her term in office shall succeed automatically to the Presidency. 16

• Each person elected as Vice-President shall serve a four-year term: One year each as Vice- President, President, Past President, and Past-Past President. The council chairpersons on the Board shall serve for the period they are elected to the chair of their respective councils. • The China and Inner Asia Council, the Northeast Asia Council, South Asia Council, and the Southeast Asia Council constitute the four major divisions of the Association relating to areas of scholarly interest in Asia. • The Nominating Committee shall consist of the four presidential officers (Vice-President, President, Past President, and Past-Past President) together with up to two additional members appointed by the Board (normally including the sitting chair of the council nominating for Vice President). • The Nominating Committee shall nominate members to stand for election as Vice-President, and for the councils.

Election Procedures: • The Nominating Committee shall prepare a list of nominees to include one or more persons for the office of Vice-President, at least seven persons for each of the area councils, and at least three persons for each of the electing regional conferences. • The Council of Conferences shall submit to the Nominating Committee at least three candidates for each of the eligible conference slates as recommended by these eligible conferences. The Nominating Committee shall make its selection of nominees from the list submitted by the Council of Conferences. • Each area council shall submit to the Nominating Committee at least seven candidates and at least five alternates. Before presenting their lists of nominees to the Nominating Committee, the councils shall have ascertained whether the nominees are members in good standing with voting rights. • Members of the Association for Asian Studies are invited to submit nominations for any of these offices other than membership on the Council of Conferences to the Nominating Committee for its consideration. • The list of candidates shall be distributed by the Executive Director to all members entitled to vote no less than 60 days before the closing of the ballot. Each member entitled to vote shall be provided access to an electronic ballot. The ballot shall be so prepared that it is confidential and 17 yet will enable the Executive Director to prevent irregularities. The voting process shall be monitored by the Executive Director, or persons duly designated, and the results shall be announced after the conclusion of the election. • Each member in good standing with voting rights is entitled to vote for one nominee for Vice- President, for three nominees for one of the four area councils (China and Inner Asia Council, Northeast Asia Council, South Asia Council, Southeast Asia Council), for one nominee in any of the other three area councils, and for one nominee for the conference of his/her choice for the Council of Conferences. • The three persons receiving the highest number of votes for each area council shall have been elected to that council for a three-year term: and the person receiving the highest number of votes for each of the eligible conference slates shall have been elected to the Council of Conferences for a three-year term. However, area council election rules may be modified by the board, in consultation with the affected council, to ensure that a designated subarea will be represented by at least one council member.

Relevant Documents https://www.asianstudies.org/about/bylaws/ https://www.asianstudies.org/about/constitution/

International Political Science Association

Officers and Council: • The IPSA constitution requires that the Executive Committee (EC) contain a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 18 members, including the president and the past president. • President, Past President, 1st Vice President, Three (3) Vice Presidents • The Council shall be composed of two classes of members: A) Representatives designated by the collective members of the association in such a number as may be determined by the Executive Committee, provided that no collective member shall be entitled to more than three representatives on the Council; in case there should be two or more collective members from a country, the total number of representatives of such collective members on the Council shall not exceed three. Each 18

collective member shall be entitled to designate alternates to represent it at any meeting of the Council. B) Individual members proposed by the president and ratified by the Executive Committee. The individual members, whose total number may not exceed 25% of the number of representatives of collective members, are selected from the following categories: a) individual and institutional members of the IPSA from countries or regions where there is no collective member; b) chairpersons and secretaries of IPSA research committees and study groups or their representatives C) Boards of editors of IPSA official publications. The members of national associations which are more than two years in arrears with their fees are ineligible to sit on the Council unless a successful appeal is made to the Executive Committee.

Election Procedures: • The election of the President of IPSA shall be governed by the following provisions. In addition to the candidate or candidates nominated by the Executive Committee during the year prior to the Council meeting, other candidates may be nominated by at least four members of the Council. Any such nomination must be in writing, must contain the signatures of four Council members, the assent of the candidate and a short biographical note, and must be handed to the Secretary General by 17h00 at the latest on the day before the scheduled presidential election. • If there is only one candidate, the sole candidate shall be declared elected unanimously. If there is more than one candidate, voting shall be held by secret ballot of members of the Council. The candidate obtaining a majority of valid votes is elected President. Should no candidate obtain a majority, a second ballot shall be held between the two candidates with the largest numbers of votes in the first ballot.

Relevant Documents https://www.ipsa.org/sites/default/files/page/Publications/IPSA%20Rules%20and%20Procedures %20%202019.pdf https://www.ipsa.org/sites/default/files/excerpt_of_the_ipsa_constitution_council.pdf