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A New Species of Dragonet (Synchiropus: Callionymidae) from Indonesia

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A New Species of Dragonet (Synchiropus: Callionymidae) from Indonesia aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology A new species of Dragonet (Synchiropus: Callionymidae) from Indonesia Gerald R. Allen1 and Mark V. Erdmann2 1) Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986 2) Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program, Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia Received: 21 June 2011 – Accepted: 21 July 2011 Abstract Papouasie occidentale, Indonésie. L’espèce à également été Synchiropus tudorjonesi is described on the basis of 4 speci- signalée à Bali, Indonésie, à partir de photographies sous- mens, 21.1-35.5 mm SL, collected at Cenderawasih Bay, marines. Elle semble la plus proche de S. morrisoni, qui West Papua, in Indonesia. The species has also been occupe de grands espaces dans le Pacifique ouest. Les deux recorded from Bali, Indonesia, from underwater pho- espèces ont des distributions qui se chevauchent en tographs. It appears to be most closely related to S. mor- Indonésie, mais sont séparées écologiquement dans la risoni, which ranges widely in the western Pacific. The two mesure où S. tudorjonesi occupe des eaux plus profondes species have overlapping distributions in Indonesia, but are (50-70 m) que S. morrisoni qui évolue moins bas (12-33 m ecologically separated with S. tudorjonesi occurring in deeper environ). Les deux espèces ont des données méristiques et water (50-70 m) compared to the shallower depth range morphométriques similaires. Néanmoins, le mâle adulte (about 12-33 m) of S. morrisoni. Both species exhibit simi- de S. morrisoni a une première dorsale nettement plus lar meristic and morphometric features. However, the adult grande qui peut atteindre deux fois la hauteur de la sec- male of S. morrisoni has a much taller first dorsal fin, which onde dorsale (ou jusqu’à 2,5 en LS) alors que S. tudorjonesi may reach twice the height of the second dorsal fin (or to 2.5 a la nageoire bien plus courte (4,2 en LS). Il y a également in SL) compared to the much lower fin (4.2 in SL) of S. des différences notables de couleur, particulièrement eu tudorjonesi. There are also significant colour differences, par- égard à la première dorsale du mâle. ticularly with regards to the male’s first dorsal fin. Sommario Zusammenfassung Synchiropus tudorjonesi è descritto sulla base di 4 esem- Synchiropus tudorjonesi wird auf der Grundlage von vier plari di 21.1-35.5 mm SL, raccolti a Cenderawasih Bay, Exemplaren mit 21,1-35,5 mm SL beschrieben, die in der Papua Occidentale, Indonesia. La presenza della specie è Cenderawasih-Bucht, Westpapua, Indonesien gefangen stata segnalata anche a Bali, Indonesia, come documentato worden waren. Nachweise dieser Art durch Unterwasserfo- da fotografie subacquee. Appare molto vicina a S. morri - tografien gibt es auch von Bali, Indonesien. Am nächsten soni, diffusa ampiamente nel Pacifico occidentale. Le due verwandt ist offenbar die Art S. morissoni, die im west- specie hanno distribuzione simpatrica in Indonesia, ma lichen Pazifik weite Verbreitung gefunden hat. Die beiden sono ecologicamente separate, poiché S. tudorjonesi vive in Arten überschneiden sich zwar in der Verbreitung in acque più profonde (50-70 m) rispetto a quelle occupate Indonesien, sind aber ökologisch getrennt. S. tudorjonesi da S. morrisoni (circa 12-33 m). Entrambe le specie mo - lebt in tieferem Wasser (50-70 m), S. morrisoni im strano caratteristiche morfometriche e biometriche simili. flacheren (12-33 m). Die meristischen und morphome- Tuttavia, il maschio adulto di S. morrisoni ha una prima trischen Merkmale sind bei beiden Arten ähnlich. Doch pinna dorsale molto più elevata, che può raggiungere besitzt das Männchen von S. morrisoni eine deutlich altezze anche due volte superiori di quelle della seconda größere erste Rückenflosse, sie kann doppelt so hoch sein dorsale (oppure fino a 2.5 in SL), rispetto a S. tudorjonesi wie die zweite (bis 2,5 nach SL); bei S. tudorjonesi hinge- che possiede una pinna molto meno elevata (4.2 in SL). gen ist die erste Rückenflosse vergleichsweise niedrig (4,2 Inoltre, ci sono significative differenze di colorazione, ri - nach SL). Hinzu kommen deutliche Farbunterschiede, vor guardante in modo particolarmente la prima pinna dorsale allem bei der ersten Rückenflosse der Männchen. del maschio. Résumé INTRODUCTION Synchiropus tudorjonesi est décrit sur base de 4 spécimens, Dragonets of the family Callionymidae are bot- 21,1-35,5 mm de LS, collectés à Cenderawasih Bay, tom-living fishes frequently found on sand, mud, 9 aqua vol. 18 no. 1 - 15 January 2012 A new species of Dragonet (Synchiropus: Callionymidae) from Indonesia or dead coral rubble. They usually rest on their Papua Province, Indonesia, 70 m, clove oil and outstretched pelvic fins and move about the reef in hand net, M. Erdmann, 20 September 2010. slow, short bursts. Males are generally more colour- Paratypes: MZB 20020, female, 21.2 mm SL, col- ful than females and use their ornate first dorsal fin lected with holotype; WAM P.33357-001, female, to signal their spawning intentions to nearby 24.4 mm SL, same collection data as holotype females. In some species the first dorsal is exceed- except 13 September 2010; WAM P.33368-002, ingly tall and sail-like and is fully erected during female, 25.2 mm SL, collected with holotype. courtship displays. More than 125 species are Diagnosis: A species of the subgenus Synchiropus known from the Indo-Pacific region. However, there (see Fricke 1981) with the following combination is disagreement concerning the generic classification of features: dorsal rays VIII + 8; anal rays 6-7 (usu- of dragonets with some researchers following the ally 7); all dorsal rays branched; anal rays scheme of Nakabo (1982) in which 19 genera are unbranched (except last branched at base); preop- recognized, while others subscribe to the classifica- ercular spine with very small main tip and 1-3 tion of Fricke (1983), who recognized only nine recurved spinules along dorsal margin; colour in genera, placing the majority of species in Callion- life mainly bright red with black pectoral fin base, myus Linnaeus, 1758 and Synchiropus Gill, 1859. diffuse blackish zone on ventral half of side punc- The present paper describes a new species that we tuated by variable-sized white spots; male with first became aware of from photographs taken at moderately elevated spinous dorsal fin with four Bali, Indonesia, labelled as Synchiropus cf. mor- black oblique bands, alternating with narrower risoni, which appeared in Kuiter & Tonozuka bands of yellow and blue; female with shorter, (2001). Four specimens were eventually collected mainly black spinous dorsal fin. in September 2010 by the second author during Description: Dorsal rays VIII + 8, all soft rays deep (60-70 m) scuba dives at Cenderawasih Bay, unbranched; anal rays 7 (one paratype with 6), West Papua Province, Indonesia. The specimens unbranched except last ray branched at base; pec- include both sexes and clearly belong to a new toral rays 21; pelvic rays I,5; branched caudal rays taxon, closely related to S. morrisoni Schultz, 1960. 7 (one paratype with 6); principal caudal rays 9 (one paratype with 8); upper and lower procurrent MATERIALS AND METHODS caudal rays 3-4. The format of the new species description and Body elongate and slightly depressed, greatest methods of counting and measuring are the same depth 4.8 (4.6-4.8) in SL, and greatest width 1.0 as those utilised by Fricke (1981 and 1983). We (0.9-1.0) in greatest depth. Head slightly com- have adhered to Fricke’s generic classification pressed (male) or slightly depressed (female), rather than that of Nakabo (1982), primarily length 3.3 (2.8-3.2) in SL; snout shorter than orbit because of the former author’s in-depth treatment diameter, 3.7 (3.8-4.4) in head length; orbit diam- of Indo-Pacific species in the 1983 monograph and eter 2.5 (2.4-2.6) in head length; interorbital very subsequent publications. Counts and proportions narrow, 15.4 (18.0-22.0) in head length. Caudal appearing in parentheses apply to the paratypes if peduncle moderately long and slender, least depth different from the holotype. Proportional measure- 10.1 (10.6-11.8) in SL and length 6.7 (4.9-6.2) in ments of type specimens, expressed as percentage SL. Branchial opening sublateral in position. Pre- of the standard length, are provided in Table I. opercular spine length 3.6 (4.1-4.7) in head length; Type specimens are deposited at Museum Zoolog- preopercular spine with very small main tip and icum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia (MZB) and 1-3 recurved spinules along dorsal margin. the Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM). Lateral line extending from preorbital region to about middle of third branched caudal fin ray (counted from dorsal margin) with short subor- Synchiropus tudorjonesi n. sp. bital and long preoperculo-mandibular branch, Red-back Dragonet two ventral branches before pectoral fin base, and Figs 1-2; Table I series of short dorsal branches along side of body; lateral lines of opposite sides of body intercon- Holotype: MZB 20019, male, 35.5 mm SL, nected by commissure across occipital region. oceanic patch reef, 02°25.830’S, 134°54.409’E, Snout to origin of first dorsal fin 2.9 (2.5-2.8), north of Tridacna Atoll, Cenderawasih Bay, West and origin of second dorsal fin 2.0 (1.8-2.0), both aqua vol. 18 no. 1 - 15 January 2012 10 Gerald R. Allen and Mark V. Erdmann in SL; first dorsal fin of male holotype moderately short, 1.3 (1.7-1.9) in head length. Caudal fin elevated, first spine 2.0, second spine 1.4, third slightly rounded, 3.1 (3.2-3.9) in SL.
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