Pengembangan Produk Minuman Sikhye Berbasis Bahan Beras Ir-64 (Amilosa Tinggi) Dan Ketan Ciasem (Amilosa Rendah)

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Pengembangan Produk Minuman Sikhye Berbasis Bahan Beras Ir-64 (Amilosa Tinggi) Dan Ketan Ciasem (Amilosa Rendah) PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK MINUMAN SIKHYE BERBASIS BAHAN BERAS IR-64 (AMILOSA TINGGI) DAN KETAN CIASEM (AMILOSA RENDAH) PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF SIKHYE BASED ON RAW RICE IR-64 (HIGH AMYLOSE) AND CIASSEM STICKY RICE (LOW AMYLOSE) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian dari syarat-syarat guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknologi Pangan Oleh: TAN, RICHARD SILVANO HANDOKO 12.70.0068 PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI PANGAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG 2017 i ii RINGKASAN Beras merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang penting di dunia karena hampir setengah populasi dunia masih tergantung padanya. Beras setelah diolah dapat dimodifikasi menjadi bermacam-macam produk olahan. Salah satu produk yang dapat dibuat dari beras adalah produk minuman “sikhye”. Sikhye disebut sebagai Dansul atau Gamju merupakan salah satu minuman tradisional Korea yang dimasak dengan beras atau ketan yang telah dikukus dengan air dan dicampur dengan air malt dan kemudian direbus setelah ditambahkan gula dan jahe sebagai tambahan rasa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan baku sikhye berbasis beras amilosa tinggi dan rendah yang ditinjau dari karakteristik sensori, fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi sehingga dapat bermanfaat dalam pengembangan produk yang berkontribusi dalam pembuatan minuman fungsional. Penelitian diawali dengan uji pendahuluan pembuatan sikhye, formulasi yang digunakan 100 g tepung barley giling, 100 g beras atau ketan, dan 2000 ml air. Tepung barley dicampur dengan air di dalam baskom dan diremas-remas hingga warna campuran menjadi putih keruh. Kemudian campuran tersebut didiamkan dan ditutupi menggunakan kain saring selama 6 jam dalam suhu ruang agar didapatkan rendaman malt. Tiga puluh menit sebelum waktu perendaman selesai, beras atau ketan diolah dengan cara menambahkan air secukupnya ke dalam panci dan dipanaskan dengan api kecil selama 15-20 menit hingga beras berubah menjadi nasi setengah matang. Setelah 6 jam, supernatant dari campuran tersebut dituang ke dalam rice cooker bersamaan dengan nasi atau ketan setengah matang. Campuran tersebut kemudian diletakkan dalam rice cooker dan difermentasikan dengan cara menyalakan rice cooker dengan suhu keep warm (65-70oC selama 6-7 jam). Indikator fermentasi tersebut akan selesai adalah jika terdapat setidaknya 20 bulir nasi yang terapung dalam rice cooker tersebut. Kemudian campuran tersebut disaring untuk dipisahkan antara nasi dengan cairan, lalu cairan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam panci dan diberi gula sebanyak ½ gelas (70 g). Cairan yang sudah dipanaskan menggunakan kompor sampai mendidih. Pada saat larutan mendidih, busa yang terbentuk diambil dan dibuang untuk mengurangi residu-residu yang tertinggal dalam larutan. Kemudian larutan ditunggu hingga dingin dan dimasukkan ke dalam kulkas untuk siap disajikan dengan nasi yang sudah dibilas dengan air dingin. Sikhye disajikan dengan cara sikhye tanpa bulir dan sikhye dengan penambahan bulir. Hasil analisa kadar amilosa menunjukkan bahwa kadar amilosa sisa yang terdapat dalam produk sikhye berkisar antara 1,74-8,6%. Hasil analisa serat kasar menunjukkan bahwa serat kasar tertinggi dihasilkan pada produk sikhye C (sikhye beras dengan penambahan bulir). Hasil analisa pH menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH produk sikhye berkisar antara 5,52-6,14. Hasil analisa viskositas bahwa produk sikhye D (sikhye ketan dengan penambahan bulir) memiliki viskositas tertinggi sedangkan produk sikhye A (sikhye air beras) memiliki nilai paling rendah. Hasil analisa kadar gula (Brix) menunjukkan bahwa produk sikhye A mendapatkan nilai kadar gula tertinggi sedangkan produk sikhye B mendapatkan nilai kadar gula terendah. Pada hasil analisa mikrobiologi ditemukan bakteri Bacillus cereus berkisar antara 2,5x103 sampai 4x104 CFU yang berada di atas standar. Hasil uji hedonik produk sikhye menunjukkan bahwa produk sikhye D (sikhye air ketan dengan penambahan bulir) memiliki nilai overall terbaik dan untuk uji ranking, nilai terbaik didapatkan oleh produk sikhye B (sikhye air ketan). iii SUMMARY Rice is one of the important food in the world because almost half of the world's population still depends on it. Rice after processed can be modified into various refined products. One of the products that can be made from rice is a beverage product called "Sikhye". Sikhye that is also referred as Dansul or Gamju is one of the traditional Korean liquors which is cooked with rice or sticky rice that has been steamed with water and is mixed with malt water then is boiled following addition of sugar and ginger as flavor enhancers. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the use of Sikhye as a high and low amylose rice-based ingredient which analyzed from the characteristics of sensory, physical, chemical, and microbiological so that it can be useful in the development of products that contributes in making functional drinks. The study begins with a preliminary test of a sikhye manufacture. Formulations used are 100 gr of milled barley flour, 100 g of rice or sticky rice, and 2000 ml of water. Barley flour is mixed with water in a basin and kneaded until the mixture becomes turbid. The mixture is then left in place and covered with a cloth filter for 6 hours at room temperature in order to get soaked by malt. Thirty minutes before the soaking is completed, the rice or the sticky rice is processed by adding enough water to the pan and heated over a low heat for 15-20 minutes until the rice turns into half-cooked rice. After 6 hours, the supernatant of the mixture is poured into a rice cooker along with the half-cooked rice or sticky rice. The mixture is then placed in a rice cooker and fermented by turning on the rice cooker with warm temperature (65-70oC for 6-7 hours). The fermentation indicator will be completed if there are at least 20 grains of rice appear on the surface of the liquid. After that, the mixture is filtered in order to separate the rice with the liquid, then the liquid is put into the pot and is added ½ cup (70 g) of sugar. The liquid is heated using a stove until it is boiling. At the time the liquid is boiling, remove the foam that is formed to reduce residues remaining in the solution. After that, wait and cool the solution down then store it in the fridge to be ready to be served with the rice that has been rinsed with cold water. Sikhye can be served in two ways, without grains or with the addition of grains. The result of Amylose content analysis indicates that the residual amylose content contained in sikhye products ranged from 1.74 to 8.6%. The result of crude fiber analysis shows that the highest crude fiber is produced in sikhye C (sikhye with the addition of grains). The result of pH analysis indicates that the pH value of sikhye products ranged from 5.52 to 6.14. The result of viscosity analysis is the sikhye D (sticky rice sikhye with addition of grains) has the highest viscosity while sikhye A (rice water sikhye without grains addition) has the lowest score. The result of sugar level analysis (Brix) indicates that the sikhye A has the highest sugar level while sikhye B (sticky rice sikhye without grains addition) has the lowest sugar level. On microbiological analysis, there is found bacteria Bacillus cereus ranging from 2.5x103 to 4x104 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) which is above the standard. Hedonic test of the sikhye products shows that sikhye D has the best overall value and for test ranking, the best value is obtained by sikhye B. iv KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan rahmat karunia-Nya, Penulis dapat menyelesaikan laporan skripsi dengan judul “Pengembangan Produk Minuman Sikhye Berbasis Bahan Beras IR-64 (Amilosa Tinggi) dan Ketan Ciasem (Amilosa Rendah)”. Laporan skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknologi Pangan di Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. Seluruh kelancaran dan keberhasilan pada penulisan laporan skripsi ini tentu saja tidak terlepas dari bimbingan, bantuan dan semangat dari berbagai pihak-pihak yang telah membantu penulis selama skripsi berlangsung. Pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan berkat dan karunia-Nya sehingga Penulis dapat melaksanakan dan menyelesaikan kerja praktek dengan baik. 2. Ibu Dr. Victoria Kristina Ananingsih, ST, MSc. selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Program Studi Teknologi Pangan Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata 3. Ibu Dr. Ir. Lindayani, MP dan Ibu Dra. Laksmi Hartayanie, MP selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan II yang telah bersedia memberikan waktu, tenaga, pikiran serta dengan penuh kesabaran membimbing Penulis dalam menyelesaikan laporan skripsi ini. 4. Kedua orang tua yang telah memberikan motivasi dan senantiasa memberikan doa serta dukungan semangat demi kelancaran penyelesaian laporan skripsi ini. Sehingga Penulis dapat menyelesaikan kerja praktek dan laporan dengan baik. 5. Mas Pri, Mas Sholeh dan Mas Lilyx, yang telah dengan sabar memberikan dukungan dan senantiasa membantu Penulis, terutama selama pelaksanaan penelitian di laboratorium 6. Seluruh staff dan karyawan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Jurusan Teknologi Pangan Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. 7. Teman-teman seperjuangan : Edwin, Tirta, dan Toni yang telah banyak memberi dukungan dan semangat kepada Penulis. v 8. Teman-teman idoling Tjhing, Roy Audwin Widjaja dan Vinson Sherwindo Indarto yang selalu memberi dukugan dan semangat kepada Penulis 9. Teman-teman A.L.V.E.N.T.O.R (Anas,
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