DOCSLIB.ORG

The Promise of Intermodal and Multimodal Transportation Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Promise of Intermodal and Multimodal Transportation Systems Towards the Future: The Promise of Intermodal and Multimodal Transportation Systems SWUTC/95/60017/71249-3 Center for Transportation Research University of Texas at Austin 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78705-2650 TecbnicaJ Report Documentation Page 1. Repat No. 2. Oovemmcnt Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. SWUTC/95/600 17/7 1249-3 4. Title and Subtitle 5. RmortDate Towards the Future: The Promise of Inter-modaland Multimodal Transportation Systems 7. Autborfs) 8. Perfkming Organkation Report No. I S.E. Anderson, R.B. Easley, T.M. Fowler, W.L. Gabler, S. Govind, A. Johnson,Y. Minas, C.J. Oswald, J.M. Ruiz, B.P. Shefferly, ResearchReport 600 17 and 7 1249 D.D. Vasavada,D.L. Venable, and C.M. Walton 9. Performing Organhtion Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research I The University of Texas at Austin 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, Texas 78705-2650 12. S-g Agency Name and Address Southwest Region University Transportation Center Texas Transportation Institute The Texas A&M University System 14. spcmsoling Agency code College Station, Texas 77843-3 135 I 15. Suppkmmtary Noki I Supported by grants from the Office of the Governor of the State of Texas, Energy Office and from the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation CentersProgram 16. Abstrad Issues relating to inter-modaland multimodal transportation systemsare introduced and defined. Intermodal and multimodal transportation solutions are assessedwithin the framework of legislative efforts such as Inter-modal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Effects of the shift in federal funding priorities are discussed,and catalysts for intermodalism in the public and private sector are identified. Federal involvement in state intermodal transportation systems,and state responsesto the growing intermodal and multimodal trends are also reviewed. Innovative intermodal and multimodal programs are studied. The roles and responsibilities of the Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) in the post-ISTEA world is examined and the impacts of legislative mandatesconsidered. As a case study, the workings of the Houston MPO are examined. Private sector intermodal and multimodal involvement is addressed,including issuesin management,regulatory, financial, economical, environmental, and even physical constraints. Effects of regulation on private sector intermodalism are discussed,as are case studies in partnering and management. This report summarizedthe potential and the possibilities that intermodalism and multimodalism have at national, state, and local levels in both the public and private sectors, and concludeswith a look at the possible future of intermodalism. 17. Key Words 18. DistributionStatement Inter-modal,Multimodal, ISTEA, NAFTA, CA/& No Restrictions. This document is available to the public through MPO, Transportation Systems NTIS: National Technical Information Service Unclassified 1 Unclassified 1 107 I I Form DOT F 1700.7 (S-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized TOWARDS THE FUTURE: THE PROMISE OF INTERMODAL AND MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS bY Susan E. Anderson Richard B. Easley Thomas M. Fowler William L. Gabler Shekhar Govind Ashby Johnson Yohannes Minas Christopher J. Oswald Jose M. Ruiz Bradley P. Shefferly Dhruti D. Vasavada Diane L. Venable C. Michael Walton Research Report SWUTC/95/60017/71249-3 Southwest Region University Transportation Center Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 FEBRUARY 1995 DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors recognize that support for this research was provided by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program to the Southwest Region University Transportation Center. This publication was developed as part of the University Transportation Centers Program which’ is funded 50% in oil overcharge funds from the Stripper Well settlement as provided by the Texas State Energy Conservation Office and approved by the U.S. Department of Energy. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The transportation planning environment is evolving due to the diminishing pool of resources to fund transportation systems, strong public demand for improved mobility, and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). New transportation priorities are emerging in the face of these factors, priorities emphasizing connectivity and modal choices. The underlying goal is to coordinate the network of transportation systems to enhance the mobility of goods and people by efficiently utilizing existing resources. This report examines the impact of intermodal and multimodal planning at state and local levels in the public and private sectors. Requirements, organizational structures, and possible benefits are discussed, as well as issues and causes leading up to the passage of ISTEA. III ABSTRACT Issues relating to intermodal and multimodal transportation systems are introduced and defined. Intermodal and multimodal transportation solutions are assessed within the framework of legislative efforts such as Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA), and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Effects of the shift in federal funding priorities are discussed, and catalysts for intermodalism in the public and private sector are identified. Federal involvement in state intermodal transportation systems, and state responses to the growing intermodal and multimodal trends are also reviewed. Innovative intermodal and multimodal programs are studied. The roles and responsibilities of the Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO) in the post-ISTEA world is examined and the impacts of legislative mandates considered. As a case study, the workings of the Houston MPO are examined. Private sector intermodal and multimodal involvement is addressed, including issues in management, regulatory, financial, economical, environmental, and even physical constraints. Effects of regulation on private sector intermodalism are discussed, as are case studies in partnering and management. This report summarized the potential and the possibilities that intermodalism and multimodalism have at national, state, and local levels in both the public and private sectors, and concludes with a look at the possible future of intermodalism. V TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 Objectives .............................................................................................................. 1 Background ........................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2: CATALYSTS FOR CHANGE ................................................................ 5 Public Sector Catalysts ............................................................................................ 5 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA). ..................... 5 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) ..................................................... 7 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ............................................. .7 Enhancement of Global Competitiveness ......................................................... 8 Reallocation of Funding Priorities ..................................................................... 9 Private Sector Catalysts ............................................................................................... 9 Maintaining Competitiveness ........................................................................ .l 0 Increasing Efficiency.. .................................................................................. .l 0 Improving Quality ......................................................................................... .l 1 Securing Greater Regional, National, and International Markets.. ..................... .l 2 Meeting International Standards ................................................................... .12 CHAPTER 3: STATE RESPONSES TO INTERMODALISM.. .................................. 15 Federal Involvement in State Intermodal Transportation Systems.. ............................. 1 5 Exploration of Methods and Concepts to Meet National Mandate.. ............................. 20 Status of Multimodal and Intermodal Planning in State DOTS.. .................................... 25 Florida ......................................................................................................... .25 Illinois .......................................................................................................... .27 Iowa.. .......................................................................................................... .2 8 Maryland ..................................................................................................... .28 Minnesota.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Northern Arizona Freight Analysis Phase I, May 2004
    Acknowledgements This report was funded, in part, by the Arizona Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. Additional funding was made available through the Arizona Department of Commerce Rural Economic Development Initiative. Contact Information Dave Wessel-Co-Project Manager Transportation Planner Flagstaff MPO City of Flagstaff 211 W Aspen Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-779-7658 phone 928-556-0940 fax Chris Fetzer-Co-Project Manager Transportation/Environmental Planning Director Northern Arizona Council of Governments 119 E. Aspen Flagstaff, AZ 86001 928-213-5200 phone 928-773-1135 fax [email protected] Don Breazeale, Consultant Don Breazeale and Associates, Inc. P.O. Box 7121 2 Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067 858-759-8321 phone 760-942-9217 fax [email protected] 3 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. 1 CONTACT INFORMATION................................................................ 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................... 5 DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ........................................... 30 TRENDS ANALYSIS........................................................................ 33 SITE ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 80 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS ....................... 98 ARIZONA JOB GROWTH ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • General Terms and Conditions (GTC)
    General Terms and Conditions (GTC) Applicability These General terms and Conditions (GTC) are applicable for all logistic-, forwarding- and transport services provided by cargo-partner („CP“). Please, be advised that in our operation and agreements we adhere to the stipulations of the General Hungarian Forwarding Rules (MÁSzF). By accepting our offer you expressly acknowledge and confirm that cargo-partner has specifically drawn your attention to regulation of MÁSzF and you accept the conditions therein. Please, note that the MÁSzF regulation differ from those of the Hungarian Civil Code concerning forwarder's legal liability and right of lien, the statute of limitations and the applicable law and jurisdiction. General Conditions of the contract partner are only applicable if and to the extent they have been expressly confirmed in writing. Offers, Information Offers are based on the current rates, tariffs and exchange/cross rates of the Hungarian National Bank (MNB) effective until the deadline of the offer and is valid only on prompt acceptance and under unchanging shipping conditions, furthermore non-binding until each respective single transport order has been confirmed by CP with the identification number of the freight company. The offer may be affected if the freight company changes the booking of cargo-partner, so the delivery time and price may change until the following dates: the shipped on board date in case of sea freight, the shipped on board date in case of air import, the airline booking confirmation date in case of air export, the date of departure of the train in case of rail transport and the date of the order confirmed with registration number in case of road transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Etir Code Lists
    eTIR Code Lists Code lists CL01 Equipment size and type description code (UN/EDIFACT 8155) Code specifying the size and type of equipment. 1 Dime coated tank A tank coated with dime. 2 Epoxy coated tank A tank coated with epoxy. 6 Pressurized tank A tank capable of holding pressurized goods. 7 Refrigerated tank A tank capable of keeping goods refrigerated. 9 Stainless steel tank A tank made of stainless steel. 10 Nonworking reefer container 40 ft A 40 foot refrigerated container that is not actively controlling temperature of the product. 12 Europallet 80 x 120 cm. 13 Scandinavian pallet 100 x 120 cm. 14 Trailer Non self-propelled vehicle designed for the carriage of cargo so that it can be towed by a motor vehicle. 15 Nonworking reefer container 20 ft A 20 foot refrigerated container that is not actively controlling temperature of the product. 16 Exchangeable pallet Standard pallet exchangeable following international convention. 17 Semi-trailer Non self propelled vehicle without front wheels designed for the carriage of cargo and provided with a kingpin. 18 Tank container 20 feet A tank container with a length of 20 feet. 19 Tank container 30 feet A tank container with a length of 30 feet. 20 Tank container 40 feet A tank container with a length of 40 feet. 21 Container IC 20 feet A container owned by InterContainer, a European railway subsidiary, with a length of 20 feet. 22 Container IC 30 feet A container owned by InterContainer, a European railway subsidiary, with a length of 30 feet. 23 Container IC 40 feet A container owned by InterContainer, a European railway subsidiary, with a length of 40 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture 1375
    ^ o n a l ^ ) utteraT tlY crniriT» r VOLUME 24 NUMBER 39 & N n t o Washington, Thursday, February 26, 1959 (Sec. 375, 52 Stat. 66, as amended; 7 US.C, Title 7— AGRICULTURE 1375.. Interpret or apply sec. 344, 63 Stat. 670, CONTENTS as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1344; sec. 115, 70 Stat. Page Chapter VII— Commodity Stabilization 196; 7 UJS.C. 1803) Agricultural Marketing Service Proposed rule making: Service (Farm Marketing Quotas Done at Washington, D.C., this 20th Pears, fresh Bartlett; plums and and Acreage Allotments), Depart­ day of February 1959. Witness my hand Elberta peaches grown in ment of Agriculture and the seal of the Department of California___ i ____________ 1424 Agriculture. [Amdt. 3] Rules and regulations: [seal!' W alter C. B erger, Lemons grown in California and PART 722— COTTON Administrator, Arizona; limitation of han­ Commodity Stabilization Service, dling_____________________ 1407 Subpart— Regulations Pertaining to [F.R. Doc. 59-1681; Filedy Feb. 25, 1959; Potatoes, fresh Irish; livestock Acreage Allotments for 1959 Crop 8:54 a.m.] feed diversion program_____ 1409 of Extra Long Staple Cotton Potatoes, Irish; grown in Red River Valley of North Dakota Release and R eapportionment and Minnesota; limitation of Basis and “purpose. The purpose of [Amdt. 41 shipments________________ 1407 this amendment is to provide that acre­ Raisins - produced from raisin age allotments released from a farm for PART 722— COTTON variety grapes grown in Cali­ which an application for participation Subpart— Regulations Pertaining to fornia; modification of mini­ in the conservation reserve program of mum grade standards for Acreage Allotments for 1959 Crop packed raisins____________ 1408 the Soil Bank is pending may not be of Upland Cotton reapportioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Exercise Lien on Cargo
    Exercise Lien On Cargo phonotypicRog still tocher and nostalgicallytrustless Huntlee while mollycoddling compulsive Cary quite spruces detachedly that paper-cutter.but hewing her Unenvied evaporators Salmon insincerely. still swipe: erringly.Demolished and doglike Husein rappels her zibets cross-reference while Irvin parenthesize some remorse Whether or cargo on the background to be made save or maritime law of competing claims There is what rule whether the deduction of frog for mark to some loss your cargo. May be sold to exercise liens for freight demurrage storage. 57 A lien on sub-freight clause serves only could provide the shipowner the. The cargo on such principle, as a lien in exercising a monetary claim, as a suit despite being exercised? Exercise his lien irrespective of whether though the time specified for discharge the opposite still belongs to the shipper or charterer who are liable via the. Death or collision Cargo rack or loss Unpaid freightdemurrage Pollution. Ocean Cargo Lines Ltd v North Atlantic Marine Co 227 F. A Shipowner's Lien on Sub-Sub-Freight in England and the. 30515 even stand it extends to interstate shipments requires carrier notification that it must exercise a lien on future shipments if payment of bulk due freight charges. Maritime Liens Penn Law exchange Scholarship Repository. The Kimball 70 US 37 Casetext Search Citator. The sneakers of lading is standing by the buyercargo receiver to bold the charterer has sold the bounce The shipowner wants to associate whether art can dive a lien on. Unpaid Freight and Shipowners Right to Maritime Lien. A carrier's lien on freight extends to facility and all monies the shipper owes it.
    [Show full text]
  • Only the River Remains: History and Memory of the Eastland Disaster in the Great Lakes Region, 1915 – 2015
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 8-2016 Only the River Remains: History and Memory of the Eastland Disaster in the Great Lakes Region, 1915 – 2015 Caitlyn Perry Dial Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dial, Caitlyn Perry, "Only the River Remains: History and Memory of the Eastland Disaster in the Great Lakes Region, 1915 – 2015" (2016). Dissertations. 1960. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1960 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ONLY THE RIVER REMAINS: HISTORY AND MEMORY OF THE EASTLAND DISASTER IN THE GREAT LAKES REGION, 1915 – 2015 Caitlyn Perry Dial, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2016 On July 24, 1915, the passenger boat Eastland capsized while docked in the Chicago River, killing 844 of its 2,500 passengers. The Eastland Disaster remains the greatest loss-of-life tragedy on the Great Lakes. Using museum exhibits, government documents, trial transcripts, period newspapers, oral interviews, images, ephemera, and popular culture materials, this study examines the century after the disaster in terms of the place the Eastland has held in regional and national public memory. For much of that period, the public memory of the tragedy had been lost, but private memories survived through storytelling within the families of survivors, rescuers, and victims.
    [Show full text]
  • =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= the CARGO LETTER [458] Air & Ocean Logistics
    =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Law Offices of Countryman & McDaniel THE CARGO LETTER [ 458 ] Air & Ocean Logistics - Customs Broker News 30 Sept. 2009 Part 1 of 1 =+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Good Wednesday Evening from our Observation Deck......overlooking the officially designated "Cargo City " area and...... Runway 25-Right, at Los Angeles International Airport , voted " Best Cargo Airport in North America ." Here is what happened in our industry during Sept. 2009 We're back from FIATA 2009 at Geneva ! A great time for International forwarders & brokers! www.fiata2009.com/ To help you find what you need -- FAST -- use the transport search engine installed at our www. CargoLaw .com website! Contribute your knowledge, stories & company information.......by e-mail to The Cargo Letter . We strive to bring you useful information which is timely & topical. Be sure to visit our website....... http://cargolaw.com Archive of The Cargo Letter ....... www.cargolaw.com/cl-archives.php Michael S. McD aniel, Editor, Countryman & McDaniel, forwarder/broker, hull & machinery attorneys at LAX. INDEX to The Cargo Letter : OUR " A" Section: Trade, Financial & Inland News *** 1. Freight Forwarder Trade Briefs ______________ 2. The Cargo Letter Financial Page ______________ OUR " B" Section: FF World Air News *** 3. Freight Forwarder World Air Briefs ____________ OUR " C" Section: FF World Ocean News*** 4. FF World Ocean Briefs _____________________ 5. The Cargo Letter Cargo Damage Dispatches _____ **Back By Popular Demand** OUR " D" Section: FF in Cyberspace *** 6. The Cargo Letter " Cyber Ports of Call " _________ OUR " E" Section: The Forwarder/Broker World *** 7. New U.S. Transport Related Legal Cases ________ "In The Wake" ======================================== ***************************************************** OUR " A" Section: Trade, Financial & Inland News *** 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex to 3Rd IRG-Rail Market Monitoring Report
    IRG-Rail (15) 02a_rev1 Independent Regulators’ Group – Rail IRG–Rail Annexes to the 3rd IRG-Rail Annual Market Monitoring Report March 2015 IRG-Rail Annexes to the Annual Market Monitoring Report Index 1. Country sheets market structure.................................................................................2 2. Common list of definitions and indicators ...............................................................299 3. Graphs and tables not used in the report................................................................322 1 IRG-Rail Annexes to the Annual Market Monitoring Report 1. Country sheets market structure Regulatory Authority: Schienen-Control GmbH Country: Austria Date of legal liberalisation of : Freight railway market: 9 January 1998. Passenger railway market: 9 January 1998. Date of entry of first new entrant into market: Freight: 1 April 2001. Passenger: 14 December 2003. Ownership structure Freight RCA: 100% public Lokomotion: 30% DB Schenker, 70% various institutions with public ownership LTE: 100% public (was 50% private, new partner to be announced May 2015) Cargoserv, Ecco-Rail, RTS: 100% private TXL: 100% public (Trenitalia) Raaberbahn Cargo: 93.8% public SLB, STB, GKB, MBS, WLC: 100% public RPA: 53% private, 47% public (City of Hamburg: 68% HHLA, HHLA: 85% Metrans, Metrans: 80% RPA) Passenger ÖBB PV 100% public WLB, GKB, StLB, MBS, StH, SLB: 100% public CAT: 49.9% ÖBB PV, 50.1% Vienna Airport (public majority) WESTbahn: 74% private, 26% public (SNCF Voyageurs) Main developments Rail freight traffic once again receded slightly in 2013 on the previous year. The new entrants could raise their market share in traffic frequency (tons) from 23.2 to 24.9 percent, and their share in transport performance (net tons per kilometre) rose from 17.6 to 19.3 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact on Freight and Passenger Transport of the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak
    Impact on freight and passenger transport of the global Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak Updated on 20 April, 11:20 Updates of the day: Greece, France COVID-19 Outbreak Road Transport iru.org/covid19 Albania Updated on 22/03/20 From March 22th, the following applies: Restrictions on movements o Tirana airport suspends all flights to and from Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary. Very limited connection to Istanbul is maintained. o Movement of people outside their home/household is strictly limited from 05.00h -13.00h. People can leave their home only for professional interests and for buying goods or medical supplies. From 13.00h until 05.00h of the next day, only authorised personnel can leave their home. o International and domestic passenger transport is forbidden. o Transport of goods and medical supplies is exempted from the provision, prior to authorisation. Source: ANALTIR Argentina Updated on 23/03/20 Facilitation measures o The Decree of Necessity and Urgency, established on 19 March by the National Executive, has determined preventive and compulsory social isolation for the general population, but has excluded the motor transport of cargo as it is considered essential for the normal functioning of society. It therefore ensures the flow of the transport of goods, oil, fuels and LPG, any activities related to agriculture, fishery and food production and distribution. This essential service also includes the home delivery of food, medicines, cleaning and hygiene products and other necessities, as well as the collection, transport and treatment of urban, hazardous and pathogenic solid waste. Recommendations of the association o FADEEAC recommends reducing staff to a minimum, leaving in place a dedicated team to enable the smooth operation of each company until 31 March.
    [Show full text]
  • Unclassified DAF/COMP/WP2/WD(2016)16
    Unclassified DAF/COMP/WP2/WD(2016)16 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 25-Oct-2016 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR FINANCIAL AND ENTERPRISE AFFAIRS COMPETITION COMMITTEE Unclassified DAF/COMP/WP2/WD(2016)16 Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation INNOVATIONS AND COMPETITION IN LAND TRANSPORT -- Note by the Russian Federation -- 28 November 2016 This document reproduces a written contribution from the Russian Federation submitted for Item III of the 62nd meeting of the Working Part No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 28 November 2016. More documents related to this discussion can be found at: http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/competitionand- innovation-in-land-transport.htm Please contact Ms. Ania Thiemann if you have any questions regarding this document [phone number: +33 1 45 24 98 87 -- E-mail address: [email protected]]. English JT03403577 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format - This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of Or. English international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. DAF/COMP/WP2/WD(2016)16 -- RUSSIAN FEDERATION -- 1. Industry and its reforms 1. The Russian railroads is one of the largest rail networks in the world, and railways in Russia present a crucial and in some cases even the only means of transport for passengers and cargos. 2. In January-July 2016, the freight turnover amounted to 2928.7 billion ton-kilometers, including: by rail transport 1.3391 trillion (45.7%), by auto transport 125.8 billion (4.3%), by sea 25.9 billion (0.9%), inland water 35.9 billion (1.2%), air transport 3.5 billion (0.01%), by pipelines 1398.6 billion ton- kilometers (47.8 %).
    [Show full text]
  • Managing Unprofitable Passenger Rail Operations in Japan - Lessons from the Experience in Sweden
    Managing Unprofitable Passenger Rail Operations in Japan - Lessons from the Experience in Sweden - Fumio Kurosaki a* , Gunnar Alexandersson b a Institute of Transportation Economics, 34 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan b Stockholm School of Economics Institute for Research, P.O. Box 6501, 113 83 Stockholm, Sweden * Corresponding author: Institute of Transportation Economics, 34 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan +81 (0)3 5363 3103 [email protected] Keywords: Railway Reform; Vertical Separation; Public Finances JEL Classification codes: H54 Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock L1 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance L51 Economics of Regulation L92 Railroads and Other Surface Transportation L98 Government Policy ABSTRACT Japan was the first country to implement a ground-breaking reform in the railway sector in 1987 when it broke up the Japanese National Railways (JNR) into six vertically integrated railway companies. Mainly because of the recent population decrease in local areas, many local rail lines face severe declines in passenger numbers. JR Hokkaido, where railway management has been particularly difficult, announced in November 2016 that about 1200 km of lines cannot be sustained only through the revenues from the businesses and the interest of the Management Stabilization Funds. When it comes to upholding unprofitable public transport, Sweden implemented a radical reform in 1988 by means of vertical separation and decentralisation and then gradually introduced competitive tendering to procure unprofitable passenger rail services. In order to tackle current challenges in the Japanese railway sector, it could be beneficial to draw lessons from the experience in Sweden. As the railways provide several different benefits to the society, it seems rational that those beneficiaries provide certain finances accordingly to sustain the unprofitable railway operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Freight Damage and Freight Shortage
    FREIGHT DAMAGE AND FREIGHT SHORTAGE QUICK REFERENCES TO FILING FREIGHT CLAIMS: Refusing a shipment Freight Damaged Concealed Freight Damage Freight Shortage The products AIR TECH SALES supplies are shipped "F.O.B. Factory" and delivered to the customer (consignee) by a trucking/freight company (carrier). In most cases the shipper (consignor) selects the carrier. F.O.B. (Free or Freight on Board) determines the point legal ownership (title) of the product changes from the shipper to the customer. "F.O.B. Factory" means title changes from the shipper to the customer when the product is loaded for the first time aboard the carrier’s truck at the shipper’s factory or warehouse. The F.O.B. point is determined by the shipper, not by AIR TECH SALES. The carriers used by our manufacturers all carry insurance against any loss or damage during transit. F.O.B. factory means if there should be any freight damage or loss during transit the customer is responsible for filing a freight claim with the carrier. Luckily most shipments are delivered complete in good condition and on time. Unfortunately, those that give us the most grief are delivered with freight damage or missing items (called a shortage). The only way to determine if there is freight damage or a shortage is to carefully inspect the shipment when it is delivered. THIS IS THE CUSTOMER’S RESPONSIBILITY . The shipping papers (the bill of lading) will indicate how the product was originally delivered to the carrier. It will indicate if the freight started on pallets or in cartons.
    [Show full text]