Congenital Abnormalities of the Aortic Arch: Revisiting the 1964 Stewart
Cardiovascular Pathology 39 (2019) 38–50 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cardiovascular Pathology Review Article Congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch: revisiting the 1964 ☆ Stewart classification Shengli Li a,⁎,HuaxuanWena,MeilingLianga,DandanLuoa, Yue Qin a,YimeiLiaoa, Shuyuan Ouyang b, Jingru Bi a, Xiaoxian Tian c, Errol R. Norwitz d,GuoyangLuoe,⁎⁎ a Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China c Department of Ultrasound, Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 538001, China d Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 e Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA article info abstract Article history: The traditional classification of congenital aortic arch abnormalities was described by James Stewart and col- Received 12 June 2018 leagues in 1964. Since that time, advances in diagnostic imaging technology have led to better delineation of Received in revised form 27 November 2018 the vasculature anatomy and the identification of previously unrecognized and unclassified anomalies. In this Accepted 28 November 2018 manuscript, we review the existing literature and propose a series of modifications to the original Stewart
[Show full text]