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6 Development of the Great Vessels and Conduction Tissue

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6 Development of the Great Vessels and Conduction Tissue Development of the Great Vessels and Conduc6on Tissue Development of the heart fields • h:p://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/ index.php?6tle=Advanced_-_Heart_Fields ! 2 Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis Bulbus Cordis AV Canal Ventricle Looking at a sagital sec6on of the heart early in development the bulbus cordis is con6nuous with the ventricle which is con6nuous with the atria. As the AV canal shiOs to the right the bulbus move to the right as well. Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis A P A P The next three slides make the point via cross sec6ons that the aorta and pulmonary arteries rotate around each other. This means the septum between them changes posi6on from superior to inferior as well. Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis P A A P Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis P A P A Migra6on of neural crest cells Neural crest cells migrate from the 3ed, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches to form some of the popula6on of cells forming the aor6copulmonary septum. Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis Truncal (Conal) Swellings Bulbus Cordis The cardiac jelly in the region of the truncus and conus adds the neural crest cells and expands as truncal swellings. Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis Aorticopulmonary septum These swellings grow toward each other to meet and form the septum between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Aorta Pulmonary Artery Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis Anterior 1 2 3 1 2 3 The aor6copulmonary septum then rotates as it moves inferiorly. However, the exact mechanism for that rota6on remains unclear. Septa6on of the Bulbus Cordis Aorta Pulmonary Artery Conal Ridges IV Foramen Membranous Muscular IV Endocarial Septum Interventricular Cushion Septum However, the aor6copulmonary septum must form properly for the IV septum to be completed. Embryonic Circulaon Common Cardinal Vein Dorsal Aorta Brain and Spinal Cord Posterior Anterior Cardinal Vein Cardinal Vein Umbilical Artery Umbilical Vein Yolk Aorc Arches Sac Ventricle Vitelline Artery Atria & Vein Blood leaves the truncus and moves to the aor6c arches. There is an aor6c arch for each pharyngeal arch. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta They can be depicted this way for descrip6ve purposed explaining the fate of the arches. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch 2nd Aorc Arch 3rd Aorc Arch 4th Aorc Arch 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Aor6c Sac 7th Intersegmental Artery The first arch degenerates shortly aOer the second arch develops. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch 2nd Aorc Arch 3rd Aorc Arch 4th Aorc Arch 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Aor6c Sac 7th Intersegmental Artery The second arch degenerates shortly aOer the third arch develops Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The distal third arch and the distal dorsal aorta form the internal caro6d artery on both sides of the body. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The proximal third arch and the ventral aorta between the 3rd and 4th arches forms the common caro6d artery on both sides of the body. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta New vessels arise in the middle of the 3rd arch and form the external caro6d arteries. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The truncus and thefourth arch on the leO along with the dorsal aorta form the ascending aorta, the arch of the aorta and the descending aorta respec6vely. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta ON the right the 4th arch and the dorsal aorta and 7th intersegmental artery form the right subclavian artery. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The 7th intersegmental artery gives rise to the leO subclavian artery. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The right ventral aorta between the 4th and 6th arches forms the brachiocephalic artery. Which then connects the aorta to the right common caro6d artery and the right subclavian artery. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d 4th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 5th Aorc Arch 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta The proximal sixth arch forms the right and leO pulmonary arteries along with some of the main pulmonary trunk. Development of the Arteries Dorsal Aorta Internal Caro6d Ventral Aorta 1st Aorc Arch External Caro6d Ductus nd 2 Aorc Arch R. Common Arteriosus 3rd Aorc Arch Caro6d Brachiocephalic 4th Aorc Arch Artery 5th Aorc Arch R. Pulmonary Artery 6th Aorc Arch Pulmonary L. Pulmonary Trunk Artery Aor6c Sac R. Subclavian Artery 7th Intersegmental L. Subclavian Artery Artery Descending Aorta On the right the distal sixth arch degenerates while on the right it remains as a shunt to take blood from the pulmonary system to the systemic system in the fetus. Embryonic Circulaon Common Cardinal Vein Dorsal Aorta Brain and Spinal Cord Posterior Anterior Cardinal Vein Cardinal Vein Umbilical Artery Umbilical Vein Yolk Aorc Arches Sac Ventricle Vitelline Artery Atria & Vein Development of Veins anterior internal r. & l. brachio- cardinal vein jugular vein cephalic veins subclavian vein sinus venosus external jugular vein coronary sinus common cardinal vein SVC azygos vein thymicothyroid anastomosis posterior cardinal vein In terms of the veins there are the systemic veins ini6ally. They are the common cardinal veins, the anterior cardinal veins and the posterior cardinal veins. Development of Veins anterior internal r. & l. brachio- cardinal vein jugular vein cephalic veins subclavian vein sinus venosus external jugular vein coronary sinus common cardinal vein SVC azygos vein thymicothyroid anastomosis posterior cardinal vein The brachiocephalic veins form from the anterior cardinal on the right and a new system of veins called the thymicothyroid anastomosis on the leO which then drains all the blood from the leO side of the head and neck to the superior vena cava. Development of Veins anterior internal r. & l. brachio- cardinal vein jugular vein cephalic veins subclavian vein sinus venosus external jugular vein coronary sinus common cardinal vein SVC azygos vein thymicothyroid anastomosis posterior cardinal vein The superior vena cava develops from the right anterior cardinal vein and the right common cardinal vein. Development of Veins anterior internal r. & l. brachio- cardinal vein jugular vein cephalic veins subclavian vein sinus venosus external jugular vein coronary sinus common cardinal vein SVC azygos vein thymicothyroid anastomosis posterior cardinal vein The azygos vein develops from the right posterior cardinal vein and runs posterior to the lung root before arching anteriorly to enter the SVC. Development of Veins anterior internal r. & l. brachio- cardinal vein jugular vein cephalic veins subclavian vein sinus venosus external jugular vein coronary sinus common cardinal vein SVC azygos vein thymicothyroid anastomosis posterior cardinal vein The coronary sinus develops from the leO common cardinal vein. Because of the development of many abdominal organs several new vessels appear. Ini6ally there is a posterior cardinal vein. Then there appears a set of subcardinal veins and supracardinal veins. These all contribute to the abdominal and pelvic vasculature. sinus right internal jugular v. anterior cardinal v. venosus brachiocephalic external jugular v. subclavian v. 7th intersegmental v. le brachiocephalic SVC right vitelline v. hepaAc IVC right umbilical v. azygos v. hemiazygos v.
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