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Index Numbers in italic refer to figures, numbers in bold refer to tables acetate peel technique 219, 243, 251 British Antarctic Survey, collaboration with Sheffield Alethopteris decurrens 70, 71,121 Palynology School 265,266 Alethopteris lonchitica Sternberg 43, 44 British Association for the Advancement of Science Alps, Venetian, work of Baron Achille de Zigno 87-88, meetings 91 1870 Liveqgool 114 Andersson, J.G. (1874-1960) 294, 296 1887 Manchester 234, 236 angiosperms 1889 Newcastle upon Tyne 155 work of Marie Stopes 130-131 1904 Cambridge 209 see also dicotyledons work of Arthur Raistrick 164 Annularia 9 British Museum (Natural History) collections, Antarctica, discovery of Glossopteris 129, 156 Williamson 150, 251 Aptian, permineralized wood 130-131 Brongniart, Adolphe (1801-76) 32, 42, 53, 55, 59, 114, Araucarioxylon arizonicum 98 116 Arber, Edward Alexander Newell (1870-1918) 149, Histoire des v~g~taux fossiles 53-59 209 Brookes, Richard (c. 1750) 10, 11 Argentina 281-289, 283 Natural History 7, 8, 11 Argentine scientists 288-289 Brora, Sutherland, fossil collection of Hugh Miller 69, C6rdoba University 285 73-74 early naturalist-explorers 281-284 Buckland, Dean William (1784-1856) 20, 49 Germanic School of Sciences 284-287 Buckland, Mary see Morland, Mary gold rush 289 Burdiehouse, limestone 70 Arizona Territory, fossil forests 96--98, 100-101 Burmeister, Hennann (1807-92) 284, 285 Artisia 47 Butterworth, John 140, 142 Ashmolean Museum 7, 8 Buxus balearica 29 Asteria 8 Asterophyllites equisetiformis 42, 43, 154 Calamites 51, 57, 113, 114, 115, 119, 124, 140, 154, 183, Asteroxylon 233, 242, 252 215 Astroites 8 Calamites nodosa Sternberg 47 Auinger, E.Antonin (c.1800-1821) 45, 45, 47, 52 Calder, Mary 230, 240, 245-246 Avt-Lallemant, Hermann (Germ~in) (I 835-1910) 286 calotype 78 Azara, Ftlix de (1746-1821) 28 t-282 Canada, geological conservation 95-96, 105-106 Capieux, Johann Stephan (1748-1813) 42-43 Bacon, Francis (1561-1626) 5 Carboniferous Balfour, Isaac Bayley (1853-1922) 197, 198, 198, 199, fossil flora 31, 32 204, 234 Joggins fossil forest, Nova Scotia 95-96, 97, Balfour, John Hutton (1808-84) 197, 206, 207 105-106 balsam transfer method 219, 243,251 palynology 260, 261,263 Baragwanathia 218,243 Scotland, work of Hugh Miller 66, 70, 71 Batten, David 248, 252 work of D.H.Scott 156 Beckett, James 246, 248, 251 work of Emity Dix 181-189, 191,192 Bennettitales 30, 90, 91,232, 233 work of James Lomax 137, 138 Berg, Carlos (1843-1902) 287 work of John Lindley 31 Berghes, D. 45, 49 work of Marie Stopes 131,132,241 Bible, literalism 76-77, see also Deluge, Biblical work of Robert Kidston 149 Binney, Edward 230-231,232, 234 work of William Crawford Williamson 140, 232 Black Isle see Eathie Cardiocarpon 37, 156 Blackburn, Kathleen 166 Carruthers, William 114, 119 Blastotepis otozamitis 91, 92 Cash, William (1834-1914) 140-141 Bodenbender, Wilhelm (Guiltermo) (1857-1941) 287 Cenozoic, fossil flora 31 Bolton, Herbert 249 Chang, C.Y. (1895-1975) 296 Bonpland, Aim6 (1773-1858) 284 Charlton, Alan 247 Both, Franz Jan (born 1792) 45, 48, 49, 52 China Boullemier, E 55, 56, 57 20th century 293-297 Bower, Frederick Orpen (1855-1948) 198-201,200, 203, Song dynasty 293 205-206, 209, 209, 214-215,217-218,218, Chow, T.H.(1893-1967) 294 234 Cladophlebis denticulata 72, 73 Brachyphyllum 73 cladoxy169, 70 Brackebusch, Ludwig (1849-1906) 285 clays, post glacial 75 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3880068/9781862394896_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 300 INDEX Coal Measures Devonian fossil flora 30, 112-114 work of Hugh Miller 65-67, 68-69 palynology 166-167, 168-170, 170-173, 172, 260 work of Sir William Dawson 153,154 University of Manchester Museum collection 251 Dick, Robert 64, 68, 70 work of Emily Dix 181-189 Dickson, Alexander 199 work of Henry Steinhauer 18, 19 dicotyledons work of H.H.Higgins 112-126 work of John Lindley 31-32, 33, 34 work of John Lindley 31 Ding Wen-Jiang see Ting, V.K. work of Lesley Rowsell Moore 260 Dix, Emily (1904-72) 181-193, 182, 189, 216, work of W.C.Williamson 232, 234 238 coal-balls 147, 241 Bedford College 184-190 work of Marie Stopes 128, 132 Coal Measures of South Wales 182-183, 191 work of W.C.Williamson 139, 140, 232 criticism of Kidston's classification 192, 216 Colson, Barbara 250-251 early life 181 conservation, geological 95 Macrofloral Biostratigraphy of the South Wales Canada 95-96, 105-106 Coalfield 186-187, 192 Great Britain 98, 101-105 Macrofloras of the Millstone Grit and Lower Coal USA 96-98, 100-101 Measures 185-186 Conwentz, Hugo Wilhelm (1855-1922) 286 mental illness 190 Cookson, Isabel 218, 240, 242, 243,250 Staffordian Series 183-184 collaboration with W.H.Lang 218, 243 Stephanian macrofloras 188-190 Corda, August Karl Joseph (1809-1849) 45, 49, 51, Doering, Adolf (1848-1926) 285 52 Downie, Charles 260-262, 263 Cordaites 9, 183 Drury, Helen Cusack 246, 248, 249, 251-252 C6rdoba University, Argentina 285 Dus6n, Per Karl Hjalmar (1855-1926) 289 Courtin, E 55, 56 Creation, date of 8 Eathie, Black Isle, fossil collecting of Hugh Miller 65-66, Cretaceous 68-69, 71-72, 74 angiosperms, work of Marie Stopes 130-131 Edinburgh and its Neighbourhood 67 Lower, fossil flora 31 Eigg, Isle of, fossil collection of Hugh Miller 74-75 see also Wealden Enlightenment, Age of 6-7 Croft, William Noble 244-245 Eocene, fossil flora, work of John Lindley 29, 35 Cromarty, work of Hugh Miller 63-69, 71-72 evolution cryptogamia 85, 91, 116, 197, 205 Darwinism 156 Culm Measures, Devon 30 John Lindley 31-32 Cusack, Helen see Drury cuticle preparation Farey, John (1766-1826) 17, 20 work of Achille de Zigno 88 'Fern Ledges' fossils 131 work of Joan Watson 247, 251 ferns work of John Lindley 33, 35 fossil 17, 21-22, 32, 33, 91, 20 Cycadaceae 91, !28, 239 work of Frederick Price Marrat 116 Cycadopteris brauniana Zigno 89 work of Henry Hugh Higgins 113, 114, 120-123 Cyclopteris 33, 119 fish, Devonian, work of Hugh Miller 65-66 Fisher, Helen 246, 248 Darwin, Charles (1809-82) 95, 156, 282, 284 Flood, Noah's see Deluge, Biblical Davies, David 183, 186, 215 Flora der Vorwelt 44-52, 45, 59 Dawson, Sir John William (1820-99) 95-96, 153, Flora fossilis formationis oolithicae 87, 88, 89, 90, 154 91-92 De la Beche, Sir Henry Thomas (1796-1855) 29-30 Fontana, Luis Jorge (1846-1920) 288 De Zigno, Baron Achille (1813-92) 85-94, 86 Footprints of the Creator 76, 78 early life 85-86 forests Flora fossilis formationis oolithicae 87, 88, 89, 90, fossil 95 91-92 Arizona Territory, USA 96-98, 100-101,102, 103, fossil collection 87, 92 104 publications 87 conservation 98, 100-107 research 86-88 Darwin's Petrified Forest, Argentina 284, 285 Venetian Alps 87-88 Fossil Grove, Glasgow 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 105, taxonomy 88, 91-92 208 Decaisne, Joseph (1807-1882) 55, 56 Joggins, Nova Scotia 95, 96, 97, 105-106 Deluge, Biblical 8, 9-10, 77, 111 Wadsley, Sheffield 98, 101,103, 105, 105 Derby, Earl of see Stanley, Edward Smith, 13th Earl of 'formed stones' 7, 8 Derby Fossil Flora of Great Britain 29-32, 34, 35-38 Deutschlands Flora 44-45 Fossil Grove, Victoria Park, Glasgow 98, 99, 100, 101, development, progressive 32, see also evolution 103, 105,208 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3880068/9781862394896_backmatter.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 INDEX 301 fossils Hall, Nicola see Harrison collections Halonia 113, 115 Ashmolean Museum 7 Hancock Museum, Newcastle 31 Buckland, William 49 Harrison, Nicola 248 de Zigno, Baron Achille, University of Padua 87, 92 Hartley, Richard 252 Dix, Emily 190, 193 Hartog, Marcus, work with W.C.Williamson 236 Hancock Museum, Newcastle 31 Hautal, Rudolf (1854-1928) 286-287 Higgins, H. H., Ravenhead collection 112-114 Hayes, Peta 246, 248 Hutton, William 30 Helmsdale, Sutherland, fossil collecting of Hugh Miller Kidston, Robert 72, 73 Geological Survey 216-217 Herbarium Diluvianum 111 Hunterian Museum, Glasgow 150, 217, 220-221 Hick, Thomas (1840-96) 142, 236, 238 Lomax, James 139 Hickling, Henry George Albert 241,249 Manchester University Museum 150, 249-250, 251 Hicklingia 241,242 Miller, Hugh, National Museums of Scotland 67-75, Higgins, Reverend Henry Hugh (1814-93) 112, 124 72, 79, 80-84 Ravenhead collection 112-126 Mus6um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 53 Histoire des vdgdtaux fossiles 53-59 Scarborough Museum 31 Hofmeister, Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict (1824-77) 197, Sheffield Palynology School 268 205 Steinhauer, Henry, 18, 19-20, 24 Hohe, Christian (1798-1869) 45, 52 Sternberg, Kaspar Maria von, N~irodn~o Muzea 44, Holden, Henry Smith 241 45 Hooke, Robert (1635-1703) Walton, John, Botany Department, University of inventions 5-6 Glasgow 219 Micrographia 6 early theories 8, 10, 41 Hornea 233, 242, 252 'formed stones' 7, 8 Hsti Jen (1910-1992) 296, 297 'tongue stones' 8 Hu Hsen-Hsu (1894-1968) 295,297 preparation Hu Xian-Su see Hu Hsen-Hsu work of George Bryant 261 Hunterian Museum, Glasgow work of James Lomax 139, 142-143,144 collection of Emily Dix 190, 193 work of Joan Watson 251 collection of Robert Kidston 217, 220-221 work of John Walton 219, 243,251 Hutton, William work of William Nicol 197 The Fossil Flora of Great Britain 29-33, 35, 116 preservation in situ 95-107 Franks, John 250 illustration 30, 41-60 Fujii, Professor Kuyiro 129, 130, 239, 240 calotype 78 Fulneck, Yorkshire, work of Henry Steinhauer 14-15 copper plate etching 42 fusain 133 lithography 53, 55, 59 photographic 78, 210 Geinitz, Harms Bruno (1814-1900) 285 Isoetes 33, 311 Geological Conservation Review 103 Geological Society of London
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  • Devonian As a Time of Major Innovation in Plants and Their Communities

    Devonian As a Time of Major Innovation in Plants and Their Communities

    1 Back to the Beginnings: The Silurian-­ 2 Devonian as a Time of Major Innovation 15 3 in Plants and Their Communities 4 Patricia G. Gensel, Ian Glasspool, Robert A. Gastaldo, 5 Milan Libertin, and Jiří Kvaček 6 Abstract Silurian, with the Early Silurian Cooksonia barrandei 31 7 Massive changes in terrestrial paleoecology occurred dur- from central Europe representing the earliest vascular 32 8 ing the Devonian. This period saw the evolution of both plant known, to date. This plant had minute bifurcating 33 9 seed plants (e.g., Elkinsia and Moresnetia), fully lami- aerial axes terminating in expanded sporangia. Dispersed 34 10 nate∗ leaves and wood. Wood evolved independently in microfossils (spores and phytodebris) in continental and 35AU2 11 different plant groups during the Middle Devonian (arbo- coastal marine sediments provide the earliest evidence for 36 12 rescent lycopsids, cladoxylopsids, and progymnosperms) land plants, which are first reported from the Early 37 13 resulting in the evolution of the tree habit at this time Ordovician. 38 14 (Givetian, Gilboa forest, USA) and of various growth and 15 architectural configurations. By the end of the Devonian, 16 30-m-tall trees were distributed worldwide. Prior to the 17 appearance of a tree canopy habit, other early plant groups 15.1 Introduction 39 18 (trimerophytes) that colonized the planet’s landscapes 19 were of smaller stature attaining heights of a few meters Patricia G. Gensel and Milan Libertin 40 20 with a dense, three-dimensional array of thin lateral 21 branches functioning as “leaves”. Laminate leaves, as we We are now approaching the end of our journey to vegetated 41 AU3 22 now know them today, appeared, independently, at differ- landscapes that certainly are unfamiliar even to paleontolo- 42 23 ent times in the Devonian.