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, , Edited by Christine D. Worobec For a list of books in the series, visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. From Victory to Peace Russian Diplomacy aer Napoleon • Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer Copyright © by Cornell University e text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives . International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/./. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, East State Street, Ithaca, New York . Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published by Cornell University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wirtschaer, Elise Kimerling, author. Title: From victory to peace: Russian diplomacy aer Napoleon / by Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer. Description: Ithaca [New York]: Northern Illinois University Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, . | Series: NIU series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identiers: LCCN (print) | LCCN (ebook) | ISBN (paperback) | ISBN (pdf) | ISBN (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Russia—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—History— Alexander I, –. | Europe—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—Foreign relations—Europe. | Europe—Foreign relations—Russia. Classication: LCC DK.W (print) | LCC DK (ebook) | DDC ./—dc LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ Cover image adapted by Valerie Wirtschaer. is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses. -
The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte's Invasion
East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2012 “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London imesT Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia Julia Dittrich East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dittrich, Julia, "“We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1457. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1457 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia _______________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History _______________________ by Julia Dittrich August 2012 _______________________ Dr. Stephen G. Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry J. Antkiewicz Dr. Brian J. Maxson Keywords: Napoleon Bonaparte, The London Times, English Identity ABSTRACT “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia by Julia Dittrich “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia aims to illustrate how The London Times interpreted and reported on Napoleon’s 1812 invasion of Russia. -
Austerlitz, Napoleon and the Destruction of the Third Coalition
H-France Review Volume 7 (2007) Page 67 H-France Review Vol. 7 (February 2007), No. 16 Robert Goetz, 1805: Austerlitz, Napoleon and the Destruction of the Third Coalition. Greenhill: London, 2005. 368 pp. Appendices, Maps, Tables, Illustrations and Index. ISBN 1-85367644-6. Reviewed by Frederick C. Schneid, High Point University. Operational and tactical military history is not terribly fashionable among academics, despite its popularity with general readers. Even the “new military history” tends to shun the traditional approach. Yet, there is great utility and significance to studying campaigns and battles as the late Russell Weigley, Professor of History at Temple University often said, “armies are for fighting.” Warfare reflects the societies waging it, and armies are in turn, reflections of their societies. Robert Goetz, an independent historian, has produced a comprehensive account of Austerlitz, emphasizing Austrian and Russian perspectives on the event. “The story of the 1805 campaign and the stunning battle of Austerlitz,” writes Goetz, “is the story of the beginning of the Napoleon of history and the Grande Armée of legend.”[1] Goetz further stresses, “[n]o other single battle save Waterloo would match the broad impact of Austerlitz on the course of European history.”[2] Certainly, one can take exception to these broad sweeping statements but, in short, they properly characterize the established perception of the battle and its impact. For Goetz, Austerlitz takes center stage, and the diplomatic and strategic environment exists only to provide context for the climactic encounter between Napoleon and the Russo-Austrian armies. Austerlitz was Napoleon’s most decisive victory and as such has been the focus of numerous military histories of the Napoleonic Era. -
THE BRITISH ARMY in the LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 By
‘FAIRLY OUT-GENERALLED AND DISGRACEFULLY BEATEN’: THE BRITISH ARMY IN THE LOW COUNTRIES, 1793-1814 by ANDREW ROBERT LIMM A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. University of Birmingham School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law October, 2014. University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The history of the British Army in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars is generally associated with stories of British military victory and the campaigns of the Duke of Wellington. An intrinsic aspect of the historiography is the argument that, following British defeat in the Low Countries in 1795, the Army was transformed by the military reforms of His Royal Highness, Frederick Duke of York. This thesis provides a critical appraisal of the reform process with reference to the organisation, structure, ethos and learning capabilities of the British Army and evaluates the impact of the reforms upon British military performance in the Low Countries, in the period 1793 to 1814, via a series of narrative reconstructions. This thesis directly challenges the transformation argument and provides a re-evaluation of British military competency in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. -
Wellingtons Peninsular War Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WELLINGTONS PENINSULAR WAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Julian Paget | 288 pages | 01 Jan 2006 | Pen & Sword Books Ltd | 9781844152902 | English | Barnsley, United Kingdom Wellingtons Peninsular War PDF Book In spite of the reverse suffered at Corunna, the British government undertakes a new campaign in Portugal. Review: France '40 Gold 16 Jan 4. Reding was killed and his army lost 3, men for French losses of 1, Napoleon now had all the pretext that he needed, while his force, the First Corps of Observation of the Gironde with divisional general Jean-Andoche Junot in command, was prepared to march on Lisbon. VI, p. At the last moment Sir John had to turn at bay at Corunna, where Soult was decisively beaten off, and the embarkation was effected. In all, the episode remains as the bloodiest event in Spain's modern history, doubling in relative terms the Spanish Civil War ; it is open to debate among historians whether a transition from absolutism to liberalism in Spain at that moment would have been possible in the absence of war. On 5 May, Suchet besieged the vital city of Tarragona , which functioned as a port, a fortress, and a resource base that sustained the Spanish field forces in Catalonia. The move was entirely successful. Corunna While the French were victorious in battle, they were eventually defeated, as their communications and supplies were severely tested and their units were frequently isolated, harassed or overwhelmed by partisans fighting an intense guerrilla war of raids and ambushes. Further information: Lines of Torres Vedras. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in , and it is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation and is significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare. -
Waterloo in Myth and Memory: the Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2013 Waterloo in Myth and Memory: The Battles of Waterloo 1815-1915 Timothy Fitzpatrick Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES WATERLOO IN MYTH AND MEMORY: THE BATTLES OF WATERLOO 1815-1915 By TIMOTHY FITZPATRICK A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2013 Timothy Fitzpatrick defended this dissertation on November 6, 2013. The members of the supervisory committee were: Rafe Blaufarb Professor Directing Dissertation Amiée Boutin University Representative James P. Jones Committee Member Michael Creswell Committee Member Jonathan Grant Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii For my Family iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Drs. Rafe Blaufarb, Aimée Boutin, Michael Creswell, Jonathan Grant and James P. Jones for being on my committee. They have been wonderful mentors during my time at Florida State University. I would also like to thank Dr. Donald Howard for bringing me to FSU. Without Dr. Blaufarb’s and Dr. Horward’s help this project would not have been possible. Dr. Ben Wieder supported my research through various scholarships and grants. I would like to thank The Institute on Napoleon and French Revolution professors, students and alumni for our discussions, interaction and support of this project. -
1822: Cain; Conflict with Canning; Plot to Make Burdett the Whig Leader
1 1822 1822: Cain ; conflict with Canning; plot to make Burdett the Whig leader; Isaac sent down from Oxford, but gets into Cambridge. Trip to Europe; the battlefield of Waterloo; journey down the Rhine; crossing the Alps; the Italian lakes; Milan; Castlereagh’s suicide; Genoa; with Byron at Pisa; Florence; Siena, Rome; Ferrara; Bologna; Venice; Congress of Verona; back across the Alps; Paris, Benjamin Constant. [Edited from B.L.Add.Mss. 56544/5/6/7.] Tuesday January 1st 1822: Left two horses at the White Horse, Southill (the sign of which, by the way, was painted by Gilpin),* took leave of the good Whitbread, and at one o’clock (about) rode my old horse to Welwyn. Then [I] mounted Tommy and rode to London, where I arrived a little after five. Put up at Douglas Kinnaird’s. Called in the evening on David Baillie, who has not been long returned from nearly a nine years’ tour – he was not at home. Wednesday January 2nd 1822: Walked about London. Called on Place, who congratulated me on my good looks. Dined at Douglas Kinnaird’s. Byng [was] with us – Baillie came in during the course of the evening. I think 1 my old friend had a little reserve about him, and he gave a sharp answer or two to Byng, who good-naturedly asked him where he came from last – “From Calais!” said Baillie. He says he begins to find some of the warnings of age – deafness, and blindness, and weakness of teeth. I can match him in the first. This is rather premature for thirty-five years of age. -
The Napoleonic Wars by Mark Mclaughlin
R U L E B O O K The Napoleonic Wars By Mark McLaughlin Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................ 2 10. Interception & Evasion .............................. 15 2. Game Components ..................................... 2 11. Battle .......................................................... 15 3. Glossary ...................................................... 3 12. Fortresses .................................................... 17 4. Prepare to Play ........................................... 5 13. Naval Affairs .............................................. 17 5. Sequence of Play ........................................ 6 14. Interphase ................................................... 20 6. Cards & Reserves ....................................... 8 15. Conquest & Submission ............................. 21 7. Builds ......................................................... 9 16. Resources ................................................... 22 8. Diplomacy .................................................. 10 17. Special Rules ............................................... 23 9. Movement .................................................. 13 A Veteran’s Quick Intro to 2nd Edition ............. 24 © 2008 GMT Games, LLC – Version 1.3f The Napoleonic Wars – Version 1.3f Those pieces with a name under the illustration start in that 1. INTRODUCTION named space, although you may substitute any piece of equal This game can be played by two to five players. While defeat value if preferred. Pieces without -
“Incorrigible Rogues”: the Brutalisation of British Soldiers in the Peninsular War, 1808-1814
BRUTALISATION OF BRITISH SOLDIERS IN THE PENINSULAR WAR “Incorrigible Rogues”: The Brutalisation of British Soldiers in the Peninsular War, 1808-1814 ALICE PARKER University of Liverpool Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article looks at the behaviour of the British soldiers in the Peninsular War between 1808 and 1814. Despite being allies to Spain and Portugal, the British soldiers committed violent acts towards civilians on a regular basis. Traditionally it has been argued that the redcoat’s misbehaviour was a product of their criminal backgrounds. This article will challenge this assumption and place the soldiers’ behaviour in the context of their wartime experience. It will discuss the effects of war upon soldiers’ mentality, and reflect upon the importance of psychological support in any theatre of war. In 2013 the UK Ministry of Justice removed 309 penal laws from the statute book, one of these being the Vagrancy Act of 1824.1 This Act was introduced for the punishment of ‘incorrigible rogues’ and was directed at soldiers who returned from the Napoleonic Wars and had become ‘idle and disorderly…rogues and vagabonds’.2 Many veterans found it difficult to reintegrate into British society after experiencing the horrors of war at time when the effects of combat stress were not recognised.3 The need for the Act perhaps underlines the degrading effects of warfare upon the individual. The behaviour of British soldiers during the Peninsular War was far from noble and stands in stark contrast to the heroic image propagated in contemporary -
The Napoleonic Wars in Global Perspective
THE NAPOLEONIC WARS IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Jeremy Black Why bother with Napoleon?1 Recently presented as a key figure in the birth of modern warfare,2 in fact he was a failure, not only in hindsight but also in his own lifetime. If there was no perverted Götteradämmerung equivalent to the Berlin bunker of 1945, Napoleon discovered hell in his own terms, impotent, bar in his anger, on an isolated island in the storm- tossed South Atlantic. As a military figure, he failed totally. There was no equivalent to the recovery after the loss of the capital seen with Frederick the Great (Berlin in 1760) or with the Americans, first in the War of Independence (Philadelphia in 1777), and then in the War of 1812 (Washington in 1814). Instead, Napoleon’s return to power in 1815, the Hundred Days, proved short-lived and left France more conclusively defeated as well as occu- pied. In addition, Waterloo was a total defeat for the main field army under Napoleon’s command such as had not happened hitherto, even when he was overcome in 1814: there was no comparable field engage- ment in 1812 to accompany the strategic and operational defeat of the invasion of Russia. Furthermore, Napoleon coped far worse with failure than Louis XIV or Louis XV had done. Louis XIV’s armies had been repeatedly defeated in 1704–9, but the French frontiers largely held. The major fortress of Lille was lost to John, Duke of Marlborough in 1708, after a lengthy siege, but there was no Allied march on Paris and the French were able to fight on. -
The Royal Navy's Blockade System 1793-1805: a Tactical Paradox
The Royal Navy’s Blockade System 1793-1805: A Tactical Paradox Patrick Braszak Throughout the French Revolutionary The Royal Navy’s blockade system Admiral Howe (then the commander-in- and Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain relied counteracted their advantage at sea because chief of the Channel fleet) had put to sea heavily upon its maritime forces, known it discouraged French and Spanish ships from Port St. Helens with twenty-two men- collectively as the Royal Navy. The Royal from leaving port, meaning decisive open- of-war and six frigates in search of a French Navy’s blockade of the European continent water conflicts could not occur.7 The Royal convoy that he had heard was coming back during this period thwarted Napoleon Navy kept a constant presence outside its from North America and the West Indies.13 Bonaparte’s ambitions for the invasion enemy’s ports to prevent hostile expeditions Howe’s intelligence was validated when, on of Great Britain, cut France off from its against Great Britain. By doing so, the British May 19, an American vessel out of Brest overseas resources and facilitated England’s contained their adversaries but allowed them reported that a French fleet composed of rapid imperial and economic growth.1 The to maintain a fleet in being: not active, but twenty-four men-of-war and ten frigates had blockade system, however, only became always ready to become so. The British left two days earlier to protect their valuable a viable strategy once Great Britain had would commit the same tactical error during homeward-bound convoy.14 Outnumbered achieved naval supremacy over France the First World War — despite being under by six ships, Howe nonetheless set off, following the Battle of Trafalgar. -
Austerlitz Campaign - December 1805
Austerlitz Campaign - December 1805 The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II. The battle occurred near the village of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic). Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month. After eliminating an Austrian army during the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November 1805. The Austrians avoided further conflict until the arrival of the Russians bolstered Allied numbers. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so he could feign a grave weakness. Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave every indication in the days preceding the engagement that the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near Austerlitz. He deployed the French army below the Pratzen Heights and deliberately weakened his right flank, enticing the Allies to launch a major assault there in the hopes of rolling up the whole French line. A forced march from Vienna by Marshal Davout and his III Corps plugged the gap left by Napoleon just in time. Meanwhile, the heavy Allied deployment against the French right weakened their center on the Pratzen Heights, which was viciously attacked by the IV Corps of Marshal Soult.