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Skrifter Om·Svalbard Og Ishavet DET KONGELIGE DEPARTEMENT FOR HANDEL , SJØFART, INDUSTRI, HANDVERK OG FISKERI NORGES SVALBARD- OG ISHAVS-UNDERSØKELSER LEDER: ADOLF HOEL SKRIFTER OM·SVALBARD OG ISHAVET Nr. 62 P. F. SCHOLANDER VASCULAR PLANTS FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD WITH REMARKS ON THE VEGETATION IN NORTH-EAST LAND WITH 61 FIGUR ES IN THE TEXT, 5 PLATES AND 2 lIIAPS (SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH-NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE SUMMER OF 1931. PART XIII) ---(t--- OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1934 DET KONGELIGE DEPARTEMENT FOR HANDEL, SJ0FART, INDUSTRI, HANDVERK OG FISKERI NORGE S SVALBARD- OG ISHAV S-UNDER S0KE LSER LEDER: ADOLF HOEL SKRIFTER OM SVALBARD OG ISHAVET Nr. 62 P. F. SCHOLANDER VASCULAR PLANTS FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD WITH REMAR KS ON TH E VEG ETATION IN NORTH- EAST LAND WITH 61 FIGURES IN THE TEXT, 5 PLATES AND 2111APS (SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH-NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE SUMMER OF 1931. PART XIII) OSLO I KOMMISJON HOS JACOB DYBWAD 1934 PRI NTED WITH CONTRIBUTION FROM ANDREEFONDET AND NANSEN FONDET A. W. BR0GGERS BOKTRYKKERI A!S Contents. Page Preface. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... , .. .. .. .. 5 I. Botanical Investigations in Northern Svalbard....... 7 If. List of Botanical Localities............................................. 11 IlL Enumeration of Vascular Plants and their Distribution. ...... .. .... .. '" 15 Pteridophyta. .. .. .. .. ... 15 Dicotyledones .. .. .. .. ...... .... ...... .. .. ... ......... ... ... " 16 Monocotyledones. .... .. ..... .... .. .... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ...... 54 Short survey of some of the more important finds, with a list of the species reaching their northern limit in the area investigated 104 List of some vascular plants collected in West Spitsbergen and Frans J osef Land. .. .. .. .. ... .................. 105 IV. Remarks on the Vegetation in North-East Land . ........ .. .... ....... 107 A. Vegetation of the non-dolomitic areas. .. .. .. .. .. ... 111 B. Vegetation of the dolomitic areas....... .. .. .. .. 130 V. Lists showing the known Distribution of Vascular Plants within the Area in- vestigated in 1931 ................................................... 135 List I. Northern Islands, Islands in Murchisonfjorden and Moffen.... 135 List If. North-East Land ......... ... ... .... .. .. .. .... ... .... 136 List Ill. Sorgfjorden and Lomfjorden . ...... ...... ... .... .......... 140 Maps of Distribution: PI. I-V . .. .. .... .. .... ..... ... ... .. ... .. ...... .. 142 Bibliography ................................... ............................ 147 Index of the Genera of Vascular Plants.. .... ... ..... ..... .. .. ...... ... .. 153 Maps of Botanical Localities Preface. n the summer of 1931 I was given the opportunity of accompanying, I as one of the Norwegian members, The Swedish-Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the S/S "Quest" to North- East Land and adjacent tracts of Svalbard, under the leadership of Professor Hans W:son Ahlmann. Norwegian participation in the expedition was ensured by a grant made by the Norwegian Government. The original plan of the expedition was of a purely physico­ geographical character, and it was mainly due to the initiative of my friend, Docent Or. Bernt Lynge, that also botany was permitted to be represented. The phanerogamous flora within the area in which I was to work has previously been studied by several prominent botanists so that there seemed to be slight possibilities for adding anything new to the facts already known. The main object of my botanical work was to study the incompletely known, but comparatively rich, lichen flora within this extreme arctic area. The task was all the more interesting as I had in the previous year had the opportunity of studying the lichen flora of North-East Greenland. During the 1931 expedition there was, however, as a rule am ple time at my disposal also for the examination of the relatively poor, but interesting, phanerogamous flora in northernmost Svalbard, and it is chiefly the result of this work which I am presenting in this paper. The lichens will be dealt with in a later publication. Many and good papers have already been published on the flora and vegetation of these regions, but a weak feature in most of the older works seems to me to be the lack of detailed and exact indications of localities. It has therefore been my task to collect as much material as possible and then to endeavour to give a statistical survey in the greatest possible detail of my own and previous discoveries. Regarding North-East Land with adjacent islands, and Sorgfjorden and Lomfjorden in West Spitsbergen all the published data from earlier expeditions and those extractable from the extensive collections in the Botanical Museum of Oslo are given. Only in a few cases as Festuca brachyphylla, Festuca vivipara, Phippsia algida and Phippsia concinna (incl.Puccinellia vacillans) 6 P. F. SCHOLANDER I have had the opportunity of revising also the Danish material. For this I wish to express my cordial thanks to the Director of the Botanical Museum of Copenhagen. Further, I have tried to form an opinion on some of the many taxonomical problems bearing upon the flora in these regions. I am deeply indebted to Docent Dr. Bernt Lynge and Docent Adolf Hoel, the leader of Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs-undersokelser, for arranging my participation in The Swedish-N orwegian Arctic Expedition of 1931. I am also very grateful to Professor Hans W:son Ahlmann, leader of the expedition, for being so accomodating on all points, and for permitting me to join the well-planned expedition. Further, I wish to tender my best thanks to my friend, Dr. Oskar Kulling, who led our small geological-botanical boat party, for the best of co-operation and for always endeavouring to the utmost to ensure the best possible working conditions for the geological as well as the botanical investigations, and who has later given me valuable advice with regard to the maps and geological data given in this paper. We cannot find adequate appreciation of the services. of a so experienced and hel pful arctic sailor as Sevrin Skjelten, our assistant. It is in no small degree due to him that our small section of the expedition was able without mishap to effect the many excursions in these waters in an open boat. Professor Jens Holmboe, head of the Botanical Museum of the Royal Frederic University of Oslo, has with his usual courtesy placed all the facilities of the museum at my disposal, and has given me most valuable advice during the progress of the work. My friend Johannes Lid, Curator at the Botanical Museum of Oslo, has likewise rendered me invaluable assistance in giving me the benefit of his wide knowledge of the arctic flora, and he is perhaps better acquainted with the flora of Svalbard than any other botanist. In compliance with the wishes of the Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs­ undersokelser I have adopted the Norwegian geographical names, which will be the norm employed in the future. The drawings for this paper have been prepared by Miss Liv Barstad, the maps of distribution by Miss S. Friis-Schwenzen and the geographical maps by Mr. Th. Askheim, Norges Svalbard- og Ishavs­ llndersokelser, to all of whom I whish to express my thanks. All photo­ graphs, except one (Fig. 2), have been taken by the author, the "micro"­ photos in a very simple manner by the aid of a Leitz binocular microscope (Greenough 1932), fitted with a Leitz "Lucca" camera 41/2 x 6 cm. According to agreement the material will be distributed as follows: the first complete set will go to the Botanical Museum of Oslo, the second set, as complete as possible, to the Kllngliga Riksmuseet, Stock­ holm. Duplicates will be shared between these two institutions. Botanical Museum, Oslo, November 1933. VASCULAR PLANTS FROM NORTHERN SVALBARD 7 I. Botanical Investigations in Northern Svalbard. The ground that was botanically worked in 1931 has previously been visited by several expeditions, and by many and prominent botanists. The following expeditions have published floristic data on North-East Land with adjacent islands, Sorgfjorden, Lomfjorden and Moffen island: W. E. Parry 1827. Our first knowledge of the flora in northernmost Svalbard is due to the collections made during Parry's expedition in 1827 in the "Hecla", on which he intended, via Spitsbergen, to reach the North Pole in smaller craft. During the northward passage of this boat party, phanerogams were collected on Uigoya and Waldenoya, mainly by Lieutenants Crozier and J ames C. Ross. In the meantime the southern party, and particularly Mr. James Halse, collected a fairly abundant material at Heclahamna in Sorgfjorden. This material was worked up and described by W. J. Hooker (1828 p.207-220). A. E. N ordenski61d 1858. On O. Torell's first expedition to Svalbard in the yacht "Frithjof", A. E. Nordenski61d collected a number of plants (seven phanerogams) in Sjuoyane and also in a number of localities beyond our territory. This material was worked up and published by A. j. Malmgren (1862) along with his own collections from . the 186 1 expedition. A. j. M a I m g ren 1861 and 1864. The great Swedish expedition in 186 1 in the schooner "Aeolus" and the sloop "Magdalena" operated to a great extent in the very same tracts as we did, and the botanical collections are primarily the work of that eminent biologist, A. J. Malmgren. The localities mentioned by him are in some instances very difficult or impossible to locate. His "Briinnvinsbay" is in all likelihood identical with what we call Depotodden - on account of the depots which were laid here by the 1861 expedition, and also later. The description of this place (e. g. by 8 P. F. SCHOLANDER Chydenius 1865 p. 230-231 and Malmgren 1862 p. 266) agrees exactly with our locality, and there is also a remarkable conformity between the respective plant lists from that place. It is not possible to place his localities in Murchisonfjord, with the exception of "Sten0 7/7", which is probably Raudstupet (cf. Chydenius 1865 p. 165, 166). It was on the excursion to "Steno" (peninsula north of Murchisonfjord) on July 7, 1861 that Pagophila eburnea was found breeding for the first time. It should be noted, however, that this bird was not observed breeding here during my brief visit to the southern part of the mountain.
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