11/12/2010 the Digital Studio :: film.theory.architec…

film.theory.architecture

The course is designed to introduce students to some key texts and themes in architectural critical theory, w hile simultaneously addressing the issues on hand through their cinematic equivalents. In this w ay students are offered both an insight into the theories they might not have encountered before, relevant to the architectural discourse, as w ell as a w ay of constructing theoretical links betw een film and architecture through adequate cinematic representations of buildings/cities/spaces.

The course is structured around a series of concepts, grouped in thematically corresponding pairs: object and movement, vision and pow er, event and simulation, text and body. These concepts are accompanied by the follow ing films: Jacques Tati’s Playtime (1967) and Dziga Vertov’s The Man w ith the Movie Camera (1929); Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window (1954) and Mathieu Kassovitz’s La Haine (1994); Federico Fellini’s La Dolce Vita (1972) and Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell (1995); and finally, Chris Marker’s Sunless (1982) and Bill Viola’s The Passing (1981).

timetable :

Wed 01 Feb 2006 Room 17.00-18.30 Lecture 3 VISION 18.30-20.00 Lecture 4 POWER

Wed 08 Feb 2006 Room 17.00-18.30 Lecture 1 OBJECT 18.30-20.00 Lecture 2 MOVEMENT

Wed 15 Feb 2006 Room 17.00-18.30 Lecture 5 EVENT 18.30-20.00 Lecture 6 SIMULATION

Wed 22 Feb 2006 Room 17.00-18.30 Lecture 7 TEXT 18.30-20.00 Lecture 8 BODY

Wed 01 Mar 2006 Room 17.00-18.30 Seminar 1 Lectures 1+2+3+4 18.30-20.00 Seminar 2 Lectures 5+6+7+8

Wed 15 Mar 2006 Room 17.00-20.00 Seminar 3 Students Presentations & Tutorials

Wed 19 Apr 2006 School Office ITTA Final Course Submission

Wed 24 May 2006 Room M140 10.00-12.00 ITTA Course Feedback

sessions 1+2 vision / power digitalstudio.gre.ac.uk/index2.php?opti… 1/4 11/12/2010 the Digital Studio :: film.theory.architec…

This session starts w ith an introduction to some of the basic questions regarding the construction of theoretical links betw een architecture and cinema. It discusses the three main approaches that are in use among theorists of film and architecture today: the question of representations of cities – the w ay in w hich cinema has become one of the most easily definable artistic practices to depict situations w hich mould the contemporary urban condition; the notion of space, its representational and corporeal aspects, and the forging of the link betw een tw o apparently distinct media, architecture and film; and finally, film addressed in the context of architecture as the practice of the built, material object. This introduction also provides a brief overview of the major 20th Century theories in critical theory and film studies.

The first couple of themes deals w ith one of the most prominent question both in architectural and cinematic theories – that of visual representation, and its implications. These are observed though through the examples of Alfred Hitchcock’s Rear Window and Matheu Kassovitz’s La Haine (Hate), w hich illustrate the notions of view ing and optical regimes specific to architecture and cities, but also crucial to the act of cinematic view ing itself, both w ithin the framew ork of film as a spatial visual practice and as a physical experience of spectatorship.

The questions posed here show how the study of film has been addressed through the theories of the visual; some of the major conceptualisations of vision in the context of critical theories are introduced: the discussion of mise-en-scene as the key concept of visual aspects of cinema; the questions of socio-political notions of vision; the notion of the gaze (psychoanalytic theory and the construction of the human subject through vision); and the question of spectatorship in the context of cinema as spatial and architectural practice. All of these aspects raise the questions of the second concept on hand, pow er, w hich is draw n out in particular in relation to social and political implications.

films : Rear Window (1954), dir. Alfred Hitchcock La Haine (1995), dir. Matheu Kassovitz key texts: Barthes, Roland, ‘The Eiffel Tow er’ in: The Eiffel Tow er and Other Mythologies, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1997 Foucault, Michel, ‘Panopticism’ in: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London: Penguin Books, 1991 Virilio, Paul, ‘The Overexposed City’ in: Bridge, Gary, Watson, Sophie, eds., The Blackw ell City Reader, Blackw ell 2002; or: Leach, Neil, Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Architectural Theory, London and New York: Routledge 1997; or: Redhead, Steve, The Paul Virilio Reader, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2004 Colomina, Beatriz, ‘The Split Wall: Domestic Voyeurism’, in: Sexuality and Space, New York: Princeton Architectural Press 1992 Lefebvre, Henri, ‘Plan of the Present Work’, from The Production of Space, in: Miles, Malcolm and Hall, Tim, The City Cultures Reader, London and New York: Routledge, 2004

sessions 3+4 object / movement

These tw o sessions discuss film in the context of architectural theory through the notion of the architectural object, one of the enduring subjects in architectural theory. This concept is derived from and discussed through the example of Jacques Tati’s 1967 film Playtime, w hich helps set up some of the basic questions instrumental in understanding architecture and urban environments. Alongside Tati, Dziga Vertov’s The Man w ith the Movie Camera (1929) is positioned as a somew hat different cinematic take on modernism, metropolitan life and, importantly, dynamism of the urban condition. It introduces the second concept in this double session, movement.

Both films are read in the context of some of the seminal 20th century texts in architectural theory: Georg Simmel’s ‘The Metropolis and Mental Life’; Le Corbusier’s ‘The City of Tomorrow and its Planning’; Walter Benjamin’s ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’; and aided w ith Marc Auge’s Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. The questions raised attempt to show the basic premises of our understanding of buildings and cities of modernism – and its subsequent heritage.

films : Playtime (1967), dir. Jacques Tati The Man w ith the Movie Camera (1929), dir. Dziga Vertov key texts: Simmel, Georg, ‘The Metropolis and Mental Life’ in: Bridge, Gary, Watson, Sophie, eds., The Blackw ell City Reader, Blackw ell 2002; or Leach, Neil, Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Architectural Theory, London and New York: Routledge 1997; or Miles, Malcolm and Hall, Tim, The City Cultures Reader, London and New York: Routledge, 2004 Le Corbusier, ‘The City of Tomorrow and its Planning’ in Bridge, Gary, Watson, Sophie, eds., The Blackw ell City Reader, Blackw ell 2002 Benjamin, Walter, ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’ Augé, Marc, ‘From Places to Non-places’ in: Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity, London and New York: Verso 2000

sessions 5+6 event / simulation

The question of the event has been part of the architectural discourse as an inherent critique and distancing from modernism for a digitalstudio.gre.ac.uk/index2.php?opti… 2/4 11/12/2010 the Digital Studio :: film.theory.architec… few decades now . It represents the key term w hen it comes to linking architecture to the contemporary philosophical understandings of time, space and experience. The main film utilised to discuss the notion of the event is Federico Fellini’s La Dolce Vita from 1961, one of the seminal cinematic w orks to address the notion of the social event in an urban environment. Guy Debord’s understanding of the term spectacle, as w ell as Bernard Tschumi’s discussion of the concept of the event are filtered through the reading of the film in order to tease out a number of interpretations.

This film is contrasted w ith a seminal example of contemporary Japanese animation, Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell, an example both of the ultimate in cinematic representation – removal from the domain of the quotidian through animation – and of an alternative take on the question of the metropolitan condition, represented through the genre (science-fiction), and testing the liminal conditions in contemporary urbanity. The film is discussed in the context of the notion of simulation as developed by Jean Baudrillard, and ultimately questions the realm of reality – as opposed to that of representation. The example on hand helps cast specific light on this debate, and is further enriched through the discussion of Sigmund Freud’s concept of the uncanny, in an attempt to show a different w ay of theorising the question of the simulation.

films : La Dolce Vita (1961), dir. Federico Felini Ghost in the Shell (1995), dir. Mamoru Oshii key texts: Debord, Guy, ‘Separation Perfected’, from Society of the Spectacle, in: Miles, Malcolm and Hall, Tim, The City Cultures Reader, London and New York: Routledge, 2004 Tschumi, Bernard, ‘Spaces and Events’ in Architecture and Disjunction, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 1996 Deleuze, Gilles, w ith Felix Guattari, ‘Event’ in What is Philosophy? London and New York: Verso, 1994 Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulation (excerpt) Freud, Sigmund, ‘The Uncanny’ in Art and Literature, Harmondsw orth: Penguin Books, 1985

sessions 7+8 text / body

The final couple of concepts are linked to the practice of so-called ‘essay film’-making, as w ell as experimental video art (and its cinematic procedures). The tw o essay films, London by Patrick Keiller and Sans Soleil (Sunless) by Chris Marker help address the notion of text, architectural and other, and its related term, narrative, and how the tw o affect both the experience of film and of architecture itself. The key texts are Michel de Certeau’s ‘Spatial Stories’, from The Practice of Everyday Life and Jennifer Bloomer’s Architecture and the Text: The (S)crypts of Joyce and Piranesi.

The notion of the text is then confronted, through examples of experimental video art (most prominently Bill Viola’s The Passing) w ith the notion of the body, its relation to perception and space, as w ell as more specifically the question of tactility, w hich stands at the intersection of the body w ith its environment – the object, the city.

films : Sans Soleil (Sunless), dir. Chris Marker (1982) London (1993), dir. Patrick Keiller Bill Viola (1979, etc.) key texts: de Certeau, Michel, ‘Spatial Stories’, from The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1988 Bloomer, Jennifer, Architecture and the Text: The (S)crypts of Joyce and Piranesi (excerpt), New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993 Marks, Laura, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment and the Senses (excerpt), Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000 Deleuze, Gilles, ‘Space’, in Bergsonism, New York: Zone Books, 1991

bibliography : Augé, Marc, Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity, London and New York: Verso 2000 Barthes, Roland, The Eiffel Tow er and Other Mythologies, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1997 Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulation, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press 2004 Bloomer, Jennifer, Architecture and the Text: The (S)crypts of Joyce and Piranesi (excerpt), New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993 Bogue, Ronald, Deleuze on Cinema, New York and London: Routledge, 2003 Bridge, Gary, Watson, Sophie, eds., The Blackw ell City Reader, Blackw ell 2002 Bruno, Giuliana, Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture and Cinema, New York: Verso, 2002 Clarke, David B., ed., The Cinematic City, London and New York: Routledge, 1997 Colebrook, Claire, Gilles Deleuze, London and New York: Routledge, 2002 Colomina, Beatriz, ed. Sexuality and Space, New York: Princeton Architectural Press 1992 Crang, Mike, and Thrift, Nigel, eds. Thinking Space, London and New York: Routledge 2000 de Certeau, Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1988 Deleuze, Gilles, ‘Space’, in Bergsonism, New York: Zone Books, 1991 Deleuze, Gilles, Cinema 1: The Movement-image, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997 digitalstudio.gre.ac.uk/index2.php?opti… 3/4 11/12/2010 the Digital Studio :: film.theory.architec… Deleuze, Gilles, Cinema 2: The Time-image, London: The Athlone Press, 1994 Forty, Adrian, Words and Buildings: A Vocabulary of Modern Architecture, London: Thames and Hudson, 2000 Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London: Penguin Books, 1991 Hayw ard, Susan, Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts, London and New York: Routledge, 2000 Jay, Martin, Dow ncast Eyes: The Denigration of Vision in Tw entieth-Century French Thought, Berkeley Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1994 Kitchin, Rob and Kneale, James, Lost in Space: Geographies of Science Fiction, London and New York: Continuum 2002 Lamster, Mark, Architecture and Film, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000 Lane, Richard J., Jean Baudrillard, London and New York: Routledge, 2004 Leach, Neil, Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Architectural Theory, London and New York: Routledge 1997 Marks, Laura U., The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment and the Senses, Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000 Miles, Malcolm and Hall, Tim, The City Cultures Reader, London and New York: Routledge, 2004 Neumann, Dietrich, Film Architecture: Set Designs from Metropolis to Blade Runner, Munich London and New York: Prestel, 1999 Palasmaa, Juhani, The Architecture of Image: Existential Space in Cinema, Rakennustieto Oy Helsinki, 2001 Penz, Francois and Thomas, Maureen, eds., Cinema and Architecture , London: BFI Publishing, 1997 Redhead, Steve, The Paul Virilio Reader, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2004 Schiel, Mark, Fitzmaurice, Tony, eds., Cinema and the City: Film and Urban Societies in a Global Context, London: Blackw ell Publishers, 2001 Schiel, Mark, Fitzmaurice, Tony, eds., Screening the City, London and New York: Verso, 2003 Schw arzer, Mitchell, Zoomscape: Architecture in Motion and Media, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004 Stam, Robert, Burgoyne, Robert, Flitterman-Lew is Sandy, New Vocabularies in Film Semiotics: Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and Beyond, London and New York: Routledge, 1998 Tschumi, Bernard, Architecture and Disjunction, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 1996 Vidler, Anthony, The Architectural Uncanny: Essays in the Modern Unhomely, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: The MIT Press, 1992

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