Three for Three
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Critical Geopolitics of International Conflict
Conflict As Contradiction: A critical geopolitics of international conflict A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography at the University of Canterbury by Peter J. Mayell, B.A. Honours (Cant) "" Department of Geography University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand November 1996 li Abstract The conflict research subdiscipline within international relations commonly distinguishes international conflict between nation-states from civil war within nation states. By regarding conflict research as a state-centric geopolitical discourse the thesis challenges this categorisation because (1) of the many links and therefore blurry practical distinction between the two, and (2) stateless nations can be involved in conflict with other nations, thus constituting an 'international' conflict. To overcome this problem an alternative, nation-centric critical geopolitics of international conflict is proposed. In this way the thesis aims to extend both conflict research and critical geopolitics. To do this the critique utilises recent literature on the contemporary conceptualisation of nation and nationalism to argue against the conventional conflation of nation and state and to reconstruct the adjective "international". Recognising that nations can exist without also being states enables the conceptualisation of international, and when such nations come into conflict, either with other stateless nations or nations that are states, this becomes ~international conflict'. This typology allows for conventional 'international' conflict, or rather inter-state conflict, by distinguishing between ethnic and official nations. The theoretical argument is reinforced by consideration of an empirical case study, that of the Kurds of the Middle East. The Kurds are presented as a distinct and unique stateless nation, the largest in the world, in conflict with the Persian (Iran), Arab (Iraq), and Turkish (Turkey) nations that surround them . -
From Catalonia to California: Secession in Constitutional Law
GINSBURGFINAL (DO NOT DELETE) 4/25/2019 7:35 PM FROM CATALONIA TO CALIFORNIA: SECESSION IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Tom Ginsburg & Mila Versteeg I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 925 II. IS THERE A RIGHT TO SECESSION? ...................................................................... 933 A. International Law .............................................................................................. 933 B. Constitutional Law ............................................................................................ 936 III. SECESSION IN THE WORLD’S CONSTITUTIONS: A GLOBAL OVERVIEW ........ 940 A. Constitutional Secession Clauses ......................................................................... 940 B. Related Constitutional Design Choices ............................................................... 943 IV. THE PURPOSES AND EFFECTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL SECESSION CLAUSES ................................................................................................................... 945 A. Negotiating Secession Clauses and Prohibitions ................................................... 945 B. Effects of Secession Clauses and Prohibitions ....................................................... 947 C. Design Options of Secession Clauses and Prohibitions ......................................... 949 1. Right to Secession ........................................................................................ 949 2. Prohibition of Secession .............................................................................. -
Types of States Activity
Types of States Activity Unit 5 - Political Geography / AP Human Geography Craig Gaslow - Westlake High School, Austin TX *Applicable to any AP Human Geography class Objective Students will learn about: 1. the dynamics of the Ukraine/Russia conflict 2. the size, shape, and population distributions of current states previously under Soviet rule 3. ethnic, religious, and linguistic distributions of former Soviet states 4. different types of states in the former Soviet Union - from multi-state nations to nation-states, from stateless nations to multi-ethnic states 5. the historical background of central Asian states Introduction Russia & Ukraine video ○ Show the following video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJAKCV8bw9E ○ Have students Think/Pair/Share the following questions ■ What does the video say about the relationship between Ukraine and Russia? ■ How does the situation in Ukraine relate to concepts we’ve discussed in the AP Human Geography political unit like the Russian near abroad, MacKinder’s Heartland Theory, autonomous states, multi-state nations, multinational states, etc.? True Size Mapping Activity 1. In groups of 2-4, have students visit: https://thetruesize.com 2. Have students choose 3 of the following states, type them into the top left search bar, and drag these countries over the United States: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 3. Have students research the population size and population distributions of their 3 chosen countries (states), and compare these to the United States. 4. Share out these results as a class, and discuss any notable shapes (morphology): compact, large, elongated, perforated, fragmented, prorupted, microstate, exclave, enclave, landlocked. -
Russia's Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894
CLAIMING THE CAUCASUS: RUSSIA’S IMPERIAL ENCOUNTER WITH ARMENIANS, 1801-1894 Stephen B. Riegg A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Louise McReynolds Donald J. Raleigh Chad Bryant Cemil Aydin Eren Tasar © 2016 Stephen B. Riegg ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Stephen B. Riegg: Claiming the Caucasus: Russia’s Imperial Encounter with Armenians, 1801-1894 (Under the direction of Louise McReynolds) My dissertation questions the relationship between the Russian empire and the Armenian diaspora that populated Russia’s territorial fringes and navigated the tsarist state’s metropolitan centers. I argue that Russia harnessed the stateless and dispersed Armenian diaspora to build its empire in the Caucasus and beyond. Russia relied on the stature of the two most influential institutions of that diaspora, the merchantry and the clergy, to project diplomatic power from Constantinople to Copenhagen; to benefit economically from the transimperial trade networks of Armenian merchants in Russia, Persia, and Turkey; and to draw political advantage from the Armenian Church’s extensive authority within that nation. Moving away from traditional dichotomies of power and resistance, this dissertation examines how Russia relied on foreign-subject Armenian peasants and elites to colonize the South Caucasus, thereby rendering Armenians both agents and recipients of European imperialism. Religion represented a defining link in the Russo-Armenian encounter and therefore shapes the narrative of my project. Driven by a shared ecumenical identity as adherents of Orthodox Christianity, Armenians embraced Russian patronage in the early nineteenth century to escape social and political marginalization in the Persian and Ottoman empires. -
Democracy and Borders: External and Internal Secession in the EU
EUBORDERS WORKING PAPER14 SERIES Democracy and Borders: External and Internal Secession in the EU Ferran Requejo Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Klaus-Jürgen Nagel Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Ferran Requejo and Klaus-Jürgen Nagel Democracy and Borders: External and Internal Secession in the EU Euborders Working Paper 14 September 2017 About the authors Ferran Requejo is Professor of Political Science at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. Klaus-Jürgen Nagel is Associate Professor of Political Science at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona. Emails: [email protected] [email protected] Euborders Working Papers are part of the “Borders, sovereignty and self-determination” research project, which is coordinated by the Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals (IBEI), the Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies (University of Leuven) and the Centre on Constitutional Change (CCC, Edinburgh). Euborders Working Papers ask how the new European multi-level scenario influences politics and policy in contemporary Europe. They explore and discuss how the variable geographies of Europe- an borders may affect the issue of sovereignty and national self-determination. Downloads www.euborders.com Contact [email protected] Abstract In the absence of a constitutional right to secede or title of international law, seces- sionists usually look at current democratic theories of external secession. It is usual to classify these theories as remedial right or primary right theories. Each has its particular advantages and problems. However, if European collectivities go for “independence in Europe”, they may also look to precedent cases of internal secession in federations. In this case, secessionists carve out a new member state without leaving the federal system. -
European Union Integration and National Self-Determination
New England Journal of Public Policy Volume 31 Issue 2 Special Issue: ICO Article 7 11-20-2019 European Union Integration and National Self-Determination Mare Ushkovska International Communities Organisation Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Ushkovska, Mare (2019) "European Union Integration and National Self-Determination," New England Journal of Public Policy: Vol. 31 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol31/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in New England Journal of Public Policy by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New England Journal of Public Policy European Union Integration and National Self-Determination Mare Ushkovska International Communities Organisation Recent demands for secession in several EU member states bring the issue of self- determination to the forefront of the debate about the future of the European Union. This article explores the European Union’s attitudes toward the international right to self- determination in the context of the rising salience of the greater political union between member states. The focus of the European project, in direct contrast to the glorification of nationhood, is on consensual decision-making rather than sovereignty, making self- determination obsolete in a reality of EU integration. This research finds that recognition of, or references to, the right to self-determination of peoples are absent from EU law sources. -
The Importance of Identity and Independence: the Costs and Benefits of Secession to Autonomous Regions
The Importance of Identity and Independence: The Costs and Benefits of Secession to Autonomous Regions Stephani Stalcup Honors Thesis 2 Honors Thesis Abstract The Importance of Identity and Independence: The Costs and Benefits of Secession to Autonomous Regions Autonomous regions that are successful economically, culturally, and politically from their host country exist throughout Europe. Some of these regions have gained high levels of autonomy but still entertain the thought of secession, provoking the question; why do these regions find it necessary to be independent? Despite their regional success, secession or full independence is not always plausible or possible for these regions. In order to understand the costs and benefits of statehood, this paper will evaluate the costs and benefits of secession to these regions through an economic, political, legal, and cultural standpoint; discovering if the benefits of statehood outweigh the costs to these autonomous regions. The paper will focus on Catalonia in Spain and compare its autonomous situation to two similar case studies of Flanders in Belgium and Scotland in Great Britain to evaluate if secession in these regions is attainable. This evaluation will be done by analyzing Peripheral nationalism, the qualifications for secession, statehood, international recognition and EU membership, along with weighing the costs and benefits of secession. How these factors can help or hinder Catalonia‟s movement toward independence as well as Flanders and Scotland‟s. The paper discusses and examines the qualifications of sovereignty, economic stability, political autonomy, and cultural distinction to understand if secession is possible for these regions as well as meeting criteria to legally warrant or justify secession by the academic community. -
Independence in Europe: Secession, Sovereignty, and the European Union
CONNOLLY MACRO CORRECTED CLEAN(DO NOT DELETE) 2/6/2014 12:55 PM INDEPENDENCE IN EUROPE: SECESSION, SOVEREIGNTY, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION CHRISTOPHER K. CONNOLLY* TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 51 I. NATIONALISM IN EUROPE’S STATELESS NATIONS: IDENTITY, AUTONOMY, AND THE ECONOMY ..................................................... 55 A. Catalonia: Rising Separatist Sentiment .................................................. 55 B. Scotland: The Road to the Referendum .................................................. 59 C. Flanders: Breaking Up the Most Successful Failed State of All Time .................................................................................................... 62 II. SECESSION AND SELF-DETERMINATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW ........................................................................................................... 67 A. Unilateral Secession: Limits on the Right to Self-Determination .......... 68 B. Negotiated Secession: Lessons from Quebec ......................................... 73 III. THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A FORUM FOR SELF- DETERMINATION CLAIMS .................................................................... 78 A. States and Regions ................................................................................. 79 B. The Membership Question ..................................................................... 84 C. The Eurozone Crisis .............................................................................. -
Separatism and Regionalism in Modern Europe
Separatism and Regionalism in Modern Europe Separatism and Regionalism in Modern Europe Edited by Chris Kostov Logos Verlag Berlin λογος Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de . Book cover art: c Adobe Stock: Silvio c Copyright Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH 2020 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-3-8325-5192-6 The electronic version of this book is freely available under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence, thanks to the support of Schiller University, Madrid. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH Georg-Knorr-Str. 4, Gebäude 10 D-12681 Berlin - Germany Tel.: +49 (0)30 / 42 85 10 90 Fax: +49 (0)30 / 42 85 10 92 https://www.logos-verlag.com Contents Editor's introduction7 Authors' Bios 11 1 The EU's MLG system as a catalyst for separatism: A case study on the Albanian and Hungarian minority groups 15 YILMAZ KAPLAN 2 A rolling stone gathers no moss: Evolution and current trends of Basque nationalism 39 ONINTZA ODRIOZOLA,IKER IRAOLA AND JULEN ZABALO 3 Separatism in Catalonia: Legal, political, and linguistic aspects 73 CHRIS KOSTOV,FERNANDO DE VICENTE DE LA CASA AND MARÍA DOLORES ROMERO LESMES 4 Faroese nationalism: To be and not to be a sovereign state, that is the question 105 HANS ANDRIAS SØLVARÁ 5 Divided Belgium: Flemish nationalism and the rise of pro-separatist politics 133 CATHERINE XHARDEZ 6 Nunatta Qitornai: A party analysis of the rhetoric and future of Greenlandic separatism 157 ELLEN A. -
Nation, State, Nation-State, Stateless Nation
Nation, State, Nation-State, Stateless Nation Because its so confusing for students growing up in the U. S., let’s start with the term state. ~ State means what we call country. Really it does. One of the few places that refers to its smaller subdivisions as states is the United States of America. This is because after winning the American Revolution, the 13 colonies were operating as individual countries (states) and then united together for common interest. So 13 states became one state, and in the process confused a bunch of 21st century geography students. So just know that state means country, and to be a state, you have to follow some rules. 1) Have a permanent population 2) Have a defined territory 3) Have a government 4) Be recognized by other states Currently there are either 195 or 196 states in the world depending on if you believe China’s assertion that Taiwan is a province of China, or Taiwan’s claim that they are an independent country. Which bring us to nation, which is a unified group of people that have a shared past and a common future. ~The people of a nation share common cultural characteristics like religions, languages and ethnicities, and they relate to a territory. ~ The people of nations tend to be loyal to their nation. ~ Some examples include: Flemish, Walloons, Irish and Danish In general, nations, especially in Europe, like to have control of a state all their own. When a state is composed almost entirely of one nation then it becomes what is called a nation-state. -
Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S
Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S. Siroky Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Dr. Donald L. Horowitz, Supervisor Dr. David L. Banks Dr. Alexander B. Downes Dr. Bruce W. Jentleson Dr. Erik Wibbels Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 abstract (Political Science) Secession and Survival: Nations, States and Violent Conflict by David S. Siroky Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Dr. Donald L. Horowitz, Supervisor Dr. David L. Banks Dr. Alexander B. Downes Dr. Bruce W. Jentleson Dr. Erik Wibbels An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright c 2009 by David S. Siroky All rights reserved Abstract Secession is a watershed event not only for the new state that is created and the old state that is dissolved, but also for neighboring states, proximate ethno-political groups and major powers. This project examines the problem of violent secession- ist conflict and addresses an important debate at the intersection of comparative and international politics about the conditions under which secession is a peaceful solution to ethnic conflict. It demonstrates that secession is rarely a solution to ethnic conflict, does not assure the protection of remaining minorities and produces new forms of violence. To explain why some secessions produce peace, while others generate violence, the project develops a theoretical model of the conditions that produce internally coherent, stable and peaceful post-secessionist states rather than recursive secession (i.e., secession from a new secessionist state) or interstate dis- putes between the rump and secessionist state. -
Stateless Roma in the European Union
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 34, Issue 6 2011 Article 6 Stateless Roma in the European Union: Reconciling the Doctrine of Sovereignty Concerning Nationality Laws with International Agreements to Reduce and Avoid Statelessness Jessica Parra∗ ∗ Copyright c 2011 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Stateless Roma in the European Union: Reconciling the Doctrine of Sovereignty Concerning Nationality Laws with International Agreements to Reduce and Avoid Statelessness Jessica Parra Abstract Part I of this Note discusses the historical and legal background of Roma in the EU, as well as the nature of the EU legislation and international agreements that comprise the legal substance of Roma statelessness. Part II examines the doctrine of Member State sovereignty concerning nationality laws and the viewpoint, shared by many scholars and politicians, that this sovereignty is eroding and the Court of Justice of the European Union (”Court of Justice”) should continue to limit it. Part II also discusses several solutions to the problem of Roma statelessness in the EU in light of the erosion of the doctrine of sovereignty. Part III analyzes the adequacy of the solutions in Part II, rejects them, and then offers a new solution-an affirmative mandate for Member States to confer Member State nationality, and thereby EU citizenship, on Romani individuals who fall within the purview of the international agreements, which these Member States have signed, to reduce and avoid statelessness. STATELESS ROMA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: RECONCILING THE DOCTRINE OF SOVEREIGNTY CONCERNING NATIONALITY LAWS WITH INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS TO REDUCE AND AVOID STATELESSNESS JessicaParra* INTRODUCTION ...........................