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Thesis to Be Completed I Was Fortunate Enough to Be Supported by a Variety of People and Institutions UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Between Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia The Spanish fascination in English and Dutch 17th-century literature Bood, R.R. Publication date 2020 Document Version Final published version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bood, R. R. (2020). Between Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia: The Spanish fascination in English and Dutch 17th-century literature. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). 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UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:23 Sep 2021 Between Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia The Spanish Fascination in English and Dutch 17th-century Literature Rena Rayka Bood Between Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia The Spanish Fascination in English and Dutch 17th-century Literature ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 1 mei 2020, te 13:00 uur door Rena Rayka Bood geboren te Amsterdam Promotiecommissie: Promotor: prof. dr. J.T. Leerssen, Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotor: dr. Y. Rodríguez Pérez, Universiteit van Amsterdam Overige leden: prof. dr. A.J.M. Hoenselaars, Universiteit Utrecht prof. dr. E.M.P. van Gemert, Universiteit van Amsterdam prof. dr. A. Sánchez Jiménez, Université de Neuchâtel dr. K.A. Johanson, Universiteit van Amsterdam dr. A.J. Drace-Francis, Universiteit van Amsterdam Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen Dit werk maakt deel uit van het onderzoeksprogramma ‘Mixed feelings. Literary Hispanophilia and Hispanophobia in England and the Netherlands in the Early Modern period and in the nineteenth century’ met projectnummer 276-30-011 dat (mede)gefinancierd is door de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO). Cover illustratie: Gustave Doré, L'ingénieux hidalgo don Quichotte de la Manche (1863). Publiek domein. Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1 – The Spanish Rogue in England and the Dutch Republic ................ 25 Chapter 2 – The Image of Spain in Amsterdam’s and London’s Literary Spheres ............................................................................................ 73 Chapter 3 – The Spanish Ethnotype and the Nobleman, Servant, and Soldier Sociotypes in English and Dutch Play Texts ................................ 127 Chapter 4 – The Don Carlos Story in England and the Dutch Republic .......... 178 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 211 Summary ........................................................................................................... 220 Samenvatting ..................................................................................................... 221 Appendix A ....................................................................................................... 222 Primary Sources Bibliography .......................................................................... 229 Secondary Sources Bibliography ...................................................................... 259 3 Acknowledgements “ T he light which we have gained was given us, not to be ever staring on, but by it to discover onward things more remote from our knowledge.” -John Milton During the four years it took for this thesis to be completed I was fortunate enough to be supported by a variety of people and institutions. I therefore thought that writing my acknowledgements would be the easiest part. I was wrong. It has proven to be profoundly difficult to find the words to express my genuine and heartfelt gratitude to all who have made it possible for me to finish this project. Regardless, I will do my best to say thank you… To Yolanda Rodríguez Pérez for giving me a chance, for your detailed and consistent feedback, and for your care, humour, and patience. You have helped me grow tremendously, not only as a researcher, but also as a person. To my promotor Joep Leerssen for challenging my ideas, for your valuable advise, and for ensuring I stayed focussed. To my committee members Lia van Gemert, Kristine Johanson, Antonio Sánchez Jiménez and Alex Drace-Francis, and the many scholars in the field for freely sharing their knowledge and expertise. I especially want to thank Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen, Helmer J. Helmers, Alexander Samson, Nigel Smith, Ton Hoenselaars and Trevor J. Dadson who have been extraordinarily helpful, kind, and generous before and during my PhD. To my colleagues at the European Studies department – thank you for the welcoming and cheerful atmosphere which made working on my thesis a more enjoyable experience. I would surely have been lost without the help of Tatjana Das, Nienke Rentenaar, and Paul Koopman, and I would certainly have been grumpier without Anja’s coffee and Alfredo’s good cheer. I am also indebted to Susanne de Jong for excellently editing the manuscript on such short notice. To a group of remarkable people I was lucky enough to call my fellow PhDs: Tim van Gerven, Josip Kesic, Aysenur Korkmaz, Marija Snieckute, Will Haynes, Tymen Peverelli, Enno Maessen, and Milou van Hout. Of course, I especially want to thank Sabine Waasdorp – entertaining and exasperating as being mistaken for one another may have been, I will remember our adventures most of all. From drinking wine in Salamanca, to eating beignets in New Orleans, and fine-dining in the Tower of London… it has been quite the journey. To my friends, particularly Danny van der Valk, Aranka van der Zee, Rindert Jagersma, Myrte Wouterse, Alex Fraser and Sonja Kleij. You have somehow found the patience to see me through the whole PhD process. Your loyalty, care, and friendship have made all the difference. To Luyken Stouten for teaching me the true meaning of kindness – you are a lifesaver. To my family – my grandmother Tineke, Roy and Rianne, Richard and Carmelita, Stephan and Mirjam, Antoine, Aaron and Ravie, and Martin and Soraya. You have given me unwavering support, care, and love. It did not matter to you whether or not you understood my fascination (or obsession) with reading old books, you were proud of me regardless. To Daan and Rosa – being your aunt is my privilege. Naturally, my wish for you is to grow up to be loving and kind, to be yourselves, and to dare to be exceptional, but above all else, I hope you can achieve the most difficult thing of all: to be happy. 4 I would not be where I am today without my mother, Rayka. It is not easy to be the parent of a PhD candidate – especially not when said candidate excels at making things extraordinarily difficult for herself. Thank you for understanding, for your unconditional love, and for always being there for me. I am lucky to have you. To Daan and Rosa – being your aunt is my privilege. Naturally, my wish for you is to grow up to be loving and kind, to be yourselves, and to dare to be exceptional. However, more than anything, I hope you can achieve the most difficult thing of all: to be happy. 5 Introduction “Ick bid u haet hem niet om dat hy een Spangiaert is”1 Since the sixteenth century, the image of the Spaniard has been heavily influenced by what we nowadays call the Black Legend.2 Though every nation has their own Black Legend – used against them by their opponents whenever the political situation shifts from friendly to hostile – in the early modern period, this narrative was most often used to paint a negative image of the Spaniard.3 However, the image of Spain in Europe during the early-modern era is more complex and multi-layered than is often represented in black-and-white oppositions. Recently, scholars have begun to renegotiate this well-known image of the Black Legend Spaniard to discover the other side of the Hispanophobic coin.4 This present study is a contribution to this line of inquiry, with a focus on the image of the Spaniard and Spain in Dutch and English play texts and picaresque novels between c. 1621 and 1700. Although there is a general consensus of what is understood by the term “Hispanophobia,” (i.e. the fear, aversion, or hatred of Spain), its opposite, “Hispanophilia,” is primarily associated with the meaning it attained in the nineteenth century. The 1800s were a tipping point in Europe in that the previously dominant Hispanophobia was replaced by a primarily Hispanophilic narrative focussed on a Romantic Spain, a nation of exoticism and passion. This love of Spain was evident
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