SHARP News 24, Number 2 2015

der Forschungsbibliothek Gotha.” networks. The assumption of space as being Conference Reviews The first series of papers concentrated on produced or constructed by humans over social aspects of production. Esther time was made famous by Henri Lefebvre. van Gelder (Utrecht) presented a highly spe- Adrian Johns was probably the first to ex- in Motion in Early cialised project of scientific : Jan plicitly transfer the concept to book history. Modern Europe: Christian Sepp’s entomological study of the Following that interpretation, the papers Netherlands’ flora and fauna between 1760 in this session fell into two categories: one Beyond Production, Circulation, and 1811. The publisher teamed up with analysed socio-spatial relations and that the and Consumption Cornelius Nozeman to produce a series of other concentrated on circulation patterns Gotha Research Centre, University of publications that not only depicted insects’ in book production and consumption. Joop Erfurt, Germany habitats but also served to create a com- W. Koopmans (Groningen) emphasized the 28–31 May 2014 munity spirit in the Netherlands through the relationship between publishers and artists establishment of a common understanding by showing their mutual dependency in the More than thirty years ago, Robert Darn- of the Netherlands’ domestic plants and ani- production of illustrated newspapers and ton’s seminal study “What is the History of mals. Kristi Viiding (Tartu) emphasized the periodicals. Newspaper publishers were in Books?” established a model for the study role of women in the Early Modern period need of engravers and illustrators who had of networks of production and the circula- and the absence of research on women in the creative skills to produce illustrations tion and consumption of books in the Early the book trade. Paul Nelles (Ottawa) studied for their papers. At the same time, these Modern period. To develop this model, forty the development of a universal based artists needed publishers who wanted them scholars in book history met for an interna- upon Conrad Gesner’s Bibliotheca universalis, to make illustrations for their periodicals. tional three-day conference at the Frieden- published in Zurich in 1545. Gesner aimed Furthermore, news editors would have played stein Palace in Gotha (Thuringia). The aim to record all known texts, compiling a collec- a central role mediating between publishers of the conference was to critically discuss tion of several thousand bibliographic entries and artists to explain and discuss which and open up new perspectives for Darnton’s from which the geography of the book can topics were suitable to depict. Benito Rial model. Daniel Bellingradt (Erfurt) opened be studied. Giles Bergel (Oxford) delved into Costas (Madrid) presented a case study of the the conference, arguing that although produc- the particularly difficult production of English interactions between and the crown. tion, circulation, and consumption are the genealogies in the sixteenth and seventeenth He researched print issues and peripheries cornerstones of Early Modern book culture, centuries. Diagrams, Porphyrian trees and and stressed the importance of analysing they should not be understood as monolithic other illustrative charts were simple to design infrastructures. Andreas Golob (Graz) dem- pillars restricting scholarship to one of these in manuscript form, but printers struggled onstrated how an Early Modern newspaper three aspects. To encourage a dynamic discus- with representing such figures in print. His publisher could benefit from his connections sion, three other aspects should be considered conclusion was that no media transition is with book publishers. Review journals such to elaborate on Darnton’s model: sociality, ever frictionless, and as a result, book his- as the Allgemeine Deutsche Bibliothek were vital spatiality, and materiality. Production, circu- torians should concentrate more on shifts for the newspaper, as they not only provided lation, and consumption are shaped by the and transitions than on individual works or constant news on recent publications but also actions and motives of actors in the book genres. The final session was led by Daniel helped editors to choose the appropriate text trade networks, hence a social element needs Bellingradt, who further discussed the benefits to convert into a serial. Through book adver- to be considered. Furthermore, books are of analysing materiality, sociality, and spatial- tisements, book printers could also attract produced in particular spaces and published ity. He unravelled another blind spot in book ... /3 in various forms and sizes, often reshaped history: the paper trade and its networks. He through rebinding and regrouping with other combined elements of materiality, sociality, Contents texts after publication. A plenary discussion and spatiality to show that paper dealers were followed each session, bringing together the deeply interconnected with book production, Conference Reviews 1 panellists and encouraging discussion about book circulation and book selling. The Prez Speaks 2 the application of these three aspects. This Books travelled in myriad ways and under Rare Books Summer School 9 conference was supported by the German different circumstances. They moved from Book Reviews 10 Research Association (DFG), Erfurt Uni- one geographical area to another; they were E-Resource Reviews 32 versity, Utrecht University, “Dr. phil. Fritz eagerly collected, preserved, and passed on 35 Wiedemann Stiftung,” and the “Freundeskreis through time by individuals or within certain  c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

difficulties that most scholarly societies based SHARP News The Prez Speaks in a single country don’t face – but then again, we do get to travel the world in the name of editors book history... Padmini Ray Murray, Centre for Public History We are an international organisation. At- There are, of course, opportunities too. Srishti School of Art, Design and Technology tend our conferences, browse our newsletters, Through our expanding team of regional C-1 Casa Lavelle 1, Lavelle Road, Bangalore read our conversations on SHARP-L, search liaisons led by Simon Frost, we are able to – 560 001, India. the directory of members online, and our support local book history events across the Sydney Shep, Wai-te-ata Press internationality is self-evident. This has been world. We have held ten regional conferences Victoria University of Wellington one of SHARP’s greatest strengths since its since 2003, and actively encourage applica- PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand 6140 foundation, and is recognised in the opening tions for future ones. We support scholar- [email protected] sentences of the document drafted by the ships in three different countries and intend Futures group in 2013: to expand this. SHARP has been named in Editorial Assistant – 24.2 Sara Bryan “We recognize that SHARP aspires to be a several international research applications, Publication Assistant, Wai-te-ata Press global, diverse and interdisciplinary organiza- and we’re currently involved in a bid with tion. SHARP should support members and INKE (Implementing New Knowledge En- review Editors their activities wherever they are in the world vironments, based in Canada) which would Joanna Howe, Books – Europe and in whatever language.” allow us to explore ways of making our online Bath Spa University, UK Being international comes with its own newsletter more interactive and dynamic. [email protected] challenges, perhaps the most obvious of For several years now, we’ve been working Clayton McCarl, Books – Latin America which is recognising and embracing linguistic with Brill and Professor Andrew Pettegree University of North Florida, FL, USA diversity. Most of SHARP’s activities take (and his colleagues at St Andrews) to revivify [email protected] place in English, but increasingly our confer- Book History Online, and make it a world-class Jeffrey Makala, Books - North America ences are supporting multiple languages, such resource for book history research: there will University of South Carolina, SC, USA as the recent and highly successful regional be an announcement about this at Montreal. Erin A. Smith, Books - North America conference in Monterrey organised by Blanca The new redesigned website features an inter- University of Texas at Dallas, TX, USA L. de Mariscal and colleagues , or this summer’s bilingual happening near them. In the longer term, I University of Heidelberg, Germany annual conference in Montreal . The translations commit- any member to visit any part of the world, Abhijit Gupta, Books – South Asia tee, which published five translated articles whether in person or virtually, and see at a Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India last September

east; books were exported to the west as well. SHARP Latin American Conference Reviews Cont. Michiel van Groesen (Amsterdam) explored Regional Conference: the practices of book exportation to Brazil and New Netherland between 1620 and 1640 Impresiones en el tiempo attention to their stocks and thus benefit from by studying the cargo lists of the West India Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico the newspaper. He thereby illustrated the of- Company. He showed that exported books 3–6 March 2015 ten-circular nature of the Early Modern book were mainly in the hands of the Reformed world where content was re-used in a number Church and the Jesuits, who understood this Situated in northern Mexico, the city of media and could as a result appeal to vari- enterprise as a matter of maintaining the of Monterrey is home to the Instituto ous audiences, depending on availability and colonists’ belief. This proved to be a difficult Technológico y de Estudios Superiors de the preferences of the reader. Jeroen Salman enterprise: in the South American settlements Monterrey. This is a private university, and (Utrecht), co-organiser of the conference, the books often did not reach their intended is well-appointed with beautiful buildings studied the dissemination of popular medi- readers. In New Netherland, an independent and grounds, home to deer, ducks, peacocks, cal and England book culture slowly emerged with the second and… Starbucks. The host hotel, the Fiesta through book advertisements in newspapers. generation of settlers, building up a book Inn, is located adjacent to the university. He ultimately questioned the metanarrative world that more closely resembled the Dutch Other housing was provided by campus of the development of human knowledge in market. The session was closed by Nelleke residence. Both were adequate. the medical field, which traditionally portrays Moser (Amsterdam) who convincingly dem- The rooms used by the conference were the most advanced and effective treatments onstrated how methods of referencing can nice, complete with adequate technology, and practices as immediately replacing tradi- be useful sources for analysing miscellanies. comfortable chairs and good acoustics. Two tional practices. Most papers underlined the They not only help to reconstruct the books rooms were adjacent to one another, and the importance of circulation between capitals that readers must have had on their desks, but larger room used for several sessions and the and densely populated areas. Andrew Pet- also illustrate differences in ideas of reader- plenaries was with a short walking distance. tegree (St Andrews), however, demonstrated ship and ownership. SHARP and our scholarship was legiti- that the onset of the reformation could also This international conference sought to mized and celebrated before the conference redirect circulation, allowing regional towns bring together book historians and encourage even began, with an article published in the to become centres for circulation. While in discussion of the world of the Early Modern local daily, which highlighted Blanca Lopez the fifteenth century printing flourished in book, and tried to rework the relatively static de Mariscal and the history of the book. centres of trade and commerce such as along concepts of Darnton’s model. To this end, the Posters advertising the conference could be the Rhine, in Italy, Paris, and Lyon, the rise aspects of sociality, spatiality, and materiality seen across the campus. Most impressively, of Wittenberg to a central position amongst were introduced. While the stages of produc- the Rector of the 11,000-student campus, Early Modern printing towns was mainly the tion, distribution, and consumption are fairly David Noel Ramirez, welcomed everyone achievement of Luther. well researched, the interplay between them with an especially relevant message, espous- The purchase of books offers only very remains somewhat unclear and needs further ing the “pasion de la lectura.” ambiguous evidence with regard to reading scholarship. The conference identified new The program included 28 sessions, laid and methods of consumption. Arjan Van avenues for the study of production, many out in a professionally published conference Dixhoorn (Ghent) took on the challenge of papers discussing marketing, sales, or publish- guide. The sessions were well-thought out, examining readership in relation to the cohe- ing strategies that producers used in order to covering a wide breadth of both knowl- sion of a of texts. An interesting reach certain groups of buyers. Much more edge and interdisciplinary methods, but discussion was raised about the order of texts information can be found in the material in SHARP-fashion, the links between the in particular collections and its meaning. The object; to a certain extent the object itself research were evident in each subsequent notion of uniform consumption through should be the main body of evidence. Thus, paper. The congress committee did a grand reading was challenged by Stephen Colclough how to deal with that evidence was one of the job of reading abstracts and creating relevant (Bangor) through a study of pocket books. underlying questions of the conference. The sessions. While most papers were presented Widespread in eighteenth-century Britain, new approaches of a “Gotha model” linked in Spanish, there were at least three scheduled these books served many purposes beyond the three aspects of book industry closer in English and many more in Portuguese. merely reading, such as recording borrowed together, pointing out that scholarship needs The plenaries represented the diverse items or expenditure. The purpose of these to break with artificial distinctions between disciplines and interestingly, were not specific books is often reflected in their physical production, circulation, and consumption to Mexico. Instead, they covered poetics on appearance: bound together and sold as an and look at networks and practices that not the page (presented by a popular Mexican actual pocket, they could easily be stored in only include official figures and production academic), Peruvian intellectual history, luggage and were protected from abrasion. centres, but also unofficial figures, channels, nineteenth-century newspapers, and authorial The physical component, the materiality, and markets as well. intellectual property in Brazil. played an essential part in many of the pa- Talitha Verheij The scholarship was reflective of SHARP pers of the session. Supplying the Ottoman University of Utrecht, Germany membership in that it was interdisciplinary world with European books in Arabic was Jan Hillgaertner and spanned several centuries. There was discussed by Geoffrey Roper (London). University of St Andrews, Scotland equal representation from young scholars European presses did not only supply the and those more established. ... /4  c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 3 The conference committee provided Book History in Global and to read Marx, but often pooled their wages exemplary social opportunities, which began Transnational Perspective: to buy the editions produced by Kerr; this with their treatment of the volunteers and practice reinforced their unity and financed SHARP representatives. (For example, we Book History Research Network a small, radical printer. Hawaiians would also were both picked up at the airport by student Study Day seem to have incorporated printing in their volunteers, as were the plenary speakers.) We Centre for Urban History, University of discursive national identity through a history were welcomed at Blanca’s home for a private Leicester, United Kingdom of mutual cooperation. Printing was intro- dinner, and were treated well throughout. 23 May 2014 duced by a missionary in 1822, and was soon Conference goers were treated to a welcoming employed by local elites in a wider “enlight- reception, an evening at the Museum of Mexi- The BHRN Study Day addressed veins in ened” programme that fostered progress and can History including a delicious light meal, the rich domain of book history that have not education. Early modern guides and maga- a Mexican dinner complete with traditional yet been explored, and aimed at a diachronic zines likewise made suggestions regarding Nuevo León regional dancing, and an op- approach and global perspective. Postgradu- what were most appropriate either tional ballet on the final evening. During the ate students and senior researchers addressed for women or gentlemen, clearly indicating days, the coffee breaks and two-hour lunch a variety of topics from an interdisciplinary that reading reflected social expectations. breaks provided attendees opportunities to standpoint. The overarching theme of the day Books cross borders by definition, but can discuss the sessions and their own work. was the double nature of books, as contents- do so only through the mediation of a variety On reflection, we recommend the follow- conveyors that spread messages well beyond of actors. Translators and literary agents are ing for future conferences: first, post signage the simplistic ‘writer-reader’ schema and as crucial to this process, which is sometimes on campus. Although there were promotional material objects that embody an economic lost more in politics than in translation, as was posters, conference goers did not (initially) value and social meaning. Some of the papers the case for making Canadian novels available know where the seminar rooms were. Sec- particularly stressed the latter aspect, and behind the Iron Curtain. ond, post the program online more than one suggested that the material outlook of books As powerful media, books always invite month before the conference. Of the nearly does indeed have an impact on their reception calls for their control and regulation as po- 100 registrants, there were 34 no-shows. This and ways in which they are consumed. The tential multipliers of dangerous ideas. The might be a result of a lack of communication. eighteenth-century typographer Baskerville, absolutist agenda of early modern French We recommend that conference organizers for instance, devoted his life to designing a censorship aimed to prevent the country communicate with attendees on a regular font that embodied the contemporary love being flooded with illicit pamphlets. None- basis once their papers are accepted. It would for symmetry. In this case, beguiling readers theless, consistent and efficient control was also be helpful to include the name of each with aesthetically pleasing books was just hardly feasible: ambassadors ultimately had presenter’s home country; their universities one attempt to meet the tastes of a growing few resources to cope with cunning clandes- were listed, but not everyone knows where literate audience. Rapin Thoyras’s History of tine traders. By contrast, the contemporary each university is located. England was a best-seller of the Republic of Jehovah’s Witnesses are an example of a very While the museum visit was enjoyable and Letters not simply because of its innovative successful centralized control of reading. A very special, we recommend also providing content: folio editions appealed to scholars Central Writing Committee of seven individu- book-related opportunities, such as a visit to a and cheap weekly editions were exchanged in als ensures that believers across the world only state, university or special library. And because coffee-houses. If the renowned “Battle of the use the same printed material, a practice that people come to an area in part because of the Books” was fought on an intellectual basis, its is central to the uniform spreading of the location, excursion opportunities outside of weapons were sharpened in the printing press, church’s doctrine. the city would be ideal. and the “new history” was advertised and re- Indeed, the issue of “who read(s) what” is Included in this conference program was viewed in the newly born periodical press. The a crucial research area for book history, and a session in which scholars talked briefly need to tailor both content and form to one’s all contributors agreed on the importance of about their recently published books. We readership has been a constant throughout collaborative projects aim at a comparative recommend that future SHARP conference time, as the colonial editions of a number of study of library catalogues. The first librar- organizers include this kind of session in British printing houses during the twentieth ies in early eighteenth-century Europe were their schedule. It provides an opportunity century testify: these usually cheaper editions places of sociability, often requiring a sub- for intellectual exchange not available when constituted a quarter of these houses’ total scription fee or the mediation of high-ranked books are simply laid out on a table. output. To stay in the market as “books for patronage for its users, and only later became We were made to feel very welcomed, by the people,” the renowned Penguin editions the public institutions which we now know. the conference organizers and the student had to go local, and print outside of the UK The discussion suggested that joint research volunteers. We suspect that the conference during World War II. efforts could focus on a particular genre of goers felt the same. We recommend that The notion of the book as a vector for readings as a key to understanding the men- future organizers make an effort to do the ideas and change was examined in a series tality of an age. For example, efforts might same for their guests. of papers that underlined the active role address travel literature that both informed Lisa Kuitert that readers play as a collective agent, whose travellers before journeys, and granted poorer University of Amsterdam appropriation of meaning entails an identity readers a vicarious, exotic experience that DeNel Rehberg Sedo value. For example, working class Britons in substituted for the journey. Or alternatively, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax the early twentieth century not only decided research networks could analyse local libraries ... /5 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 

... / 4 in various countries, eventually giving new the works of women, such as Trix Kipling I am nearing the end of my Master of insight on questions such as literacy, and the and Florence Marryat, who have been all but Information Studies, and with the financial relationship between genre, class, and reading. forgotten, revisiting the roles women played constraints of full-time study, I would not Collating data and making it freely accessible in the nineteenth-century writing community have been able to attend but for the oppor- would be the first step towards sharpening and the place they should have in contem- tunity presented by this scholarship. It was a the picture of book history, and taking into porary scholarship. The variety of texts and stimulating and invigorating (yet somehow account agents at all stages of the chain authors discxussed reveals how much is left also quite exhausting) experience. leading from the authorial conception of an to be said on the conference’s topic. Maps have many fascinations for me idea, to its transubstantiation into a book, and Although many presentations focused on – scientific, historical, linguistic, artistic, eventually its reception by both individual the characterization by and of women, two ad- and psychological. Each is the product of and collective agents. Electronic devices can ditional themes were intertwined throughout evolution and exchanges of concepts and inherit the communication role heralded by the day: depictions of the visual and issues of conceptual frameworks, and each reveals the printed materials, running parallel to them publication. The presenters addressed art and priorities of its makers, for no map is neutral just as early books did with manuscripts. the role of the artist in the “Visual Culture” – each one has its intended use and users, its Cooperation among research clusters could panel, and also in papers that discussed beauty, beauties and its dangers. draw on the expertise of all those fascinated the depiction of the beautiful, and the authors’ The ARBSS format involves an engross- by a topic, which still has a lot of blank pages policing of their own image. Publication was ing mix of practical and scholarly work, to be filled in. similarly both a primary consideration in pres- supported by special collections of historic Miriam Franchina entations on Joanna Baillie and a new materials. The opportunity to view treasures University of Halle, Germany of Charlotte Smith’s poems, and an undertone from the NLNZ’s collections was invaluable. to presentations on sensational authors who An ever-expanding spiral of further reading c were widely read by the general public during is reminding me that even the largest and their lifetimes. glossiest coffee-table book or digital screen A highlight of the day was Arini Load- is no replacement for seeing a map in the Women and Nineteenth-Century er’s paper on Māori women’s authorship in full glory of its original size and materials Literature nineteenth-century New Zealand. This pres- – born-digital maps at home in their own National Library of New Zealand, entation was featured on Te Karere, a Māori native software excepted, of course. Mark Wellington news programme, on the same day as the Bagnall, Curator Cartographic, and Ruth 23 January 2015 conference. Lightbourne, Curator Rare Books and Fine In more general terms, Women and Nine- Printing, selected fascinating works for us, This one-day conference focused on teenth-Century Literature provided a day of dis- including those which showed changes in the emerging research into previously marginal- cussion and the exchange of ideas regarding landforms and land use priorities of our own ized female authors from the nineteenth cen- the place of women in nineteenth-century little island through recent centuries, as cities tury. Dr. Nikki Hessell organized the event, literature, both on the page and holding the buried waterways, earthquakes raised shore- which was hosted by Victoria University pen. lines from the ocean, contracts were broken, of Wellington and the Alexander Turnbull Kathryn Magaña and wars were fought. We had a sneak peek Library, and sponsored by SHARP and the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand into the complexities of map publishing via Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at a marked-up proofsheet from the recently- Victoria University of Wellington. published Earth Platinum, which is now the Eighteen presentations were given by world’s largest atlas at 1.8x1.4m. We toured representatives of six different universities. the conservation and imaging laboratories These presentations included both texts and RBSS: Australasia of the Library, and saw demonstrations of authors just coming under academic study, printing techniques by Marty Vreede and and classic favorites. The conference was ac- Sydney Shep at Wai-te-ata Press. companied by a display of treasures from the Victoria University of Wellington The diverse interests of the attendees Alexander Turnbull Library collection relating and Alexander Turnbull Library added to the richness of the programme. to the theme of the day. 25–30 January 2015 ARBSS brought together researchers, print- Issues of perception recurred in several ers, librarians, geographers, and others, of the presentations: the distinct difference in Thanks to SHARP’s generosity, I recently sparking many rewarding conversations, and perception, or perspective, of the nineteenth- attended the tenth-anniversary Australasian allowing our class to learn about nautical century female author and written woman. Rare Books Summer School (ARBSS) course charts from a real sailor. Some papers invited listeners to consider a in the history of cartography, taught by Julie Many thanks to all at SHARP who made new perspective on a canonical works such Sweetkind-Singer, Assistant Director of it possible for me to attend ARBSS, and to as Frankenstein, A Tale of Two Cities, or Emma, Geospatial, Cartographic, and Scientific Data the indefatigable organisers of the School. I drawing attention to their importance for & Services at Stanford University, and hosted hope I’ll be back! constructing a cohesive picture of the role by Victoria University of Wellington and the Melissa Bryant of women in nineteenth-century literature. Alexander Turnbull Library of the National Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand A second set of presentations focused on Library of New Zealand (NLNZ).  c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

that Sutherland appears to have been forced vast expanse of English vernacular writing, Book Reviews to part with them out of financial necessity” comparing More to Chaucer and Lydgate, to (ix). The contract for the 1705 purchase anti-Lollard tracts and plays such as Everyman, mentions an inventory, but no contemporary N-Town Play, and the Digby Mary Magdalene, listing survives. Fortunately, the 303 books as well as more obscure examples of printed Robert L. Betteridge. The Library of James received in 1707 were recorded in the Dona- devotional literature. Betteridge does not Sutherland as purchased by the Faculty of Advocates, tions Register. This list was edited by W. A. sidestep the matter of More’s humanism; he Edinburgh in 1705 and 1707. Edinburgh: Mer- Kelly in The Bibliotheck 14 (Glasgow, 1987), locates in clear evidence of “More’s chiston Publishing, 2013. xx, 96p., ill. ISBN but of course provides an incomplete picture commitment to northern humanist ambition 9780956613608 (). of Sutherland’s interests. Drawing on surviv- of uniting classical learning with Christ’s ing ex libris, shelfmarks (Sutherland’s books teaching” (79). However, Writing Faith gener- Inaugurated in 1689, the Advocates Li- originally were shelved together, but split up ally avoids the classical works that influenced brary in Edinburgh was created initially as a in the eighteenth century) and a 1742 printed More and the specific contexts of print repository for legal and other books useful catalogue, librarians at the National Library culture and of Reformation debates. As his to lawyers. But with the help of early dona- of Scotland began to reunite the books from final paragraph declares, Betteridge is “un- tions such as the 800-volume library of Lord Sutherland’s library in 2004. This edition re- apologetic about this” (208). George Douglas (d. 1693?), the collection flects the results of that reconstruction: with Instead, he sees “a particular under- soon expanded to include classics, history, just one exception, Betteridge identifies every standing of Christian humanism” in More literature, science, medicine, and historical one of Sutherland’s books, including twenty- that “places him outside the norms of manuscripts. The collection’s status was seven now missing. This edition lists them post-Reformation Christianity, Protestant such that it was made a legal deposit library in the order in which they are now shelved, or Roman Catholic,” and he claims Shake- in 1710; by the mid-nineteenth century it and an appendix provides a concordance speare and Montaigne as “inheritors” who was functioning effectively as Scotland’s na- of the original shelfmarks, enabling readers “shared More’s skepticism toward totalizing tional library. In 1925 the National Library to browse Sutherland’s collection as it was confessional discourses” (208). One of the of Scotland was established on the founda- originally housed. characteristic moves of this study is to note tion of 750,000 non-law items gifted by the The edition is well indexed and features how More’s approach differs from that of the Faculty of Advocates. The Advocates Library ten black and white illustrations. Annotations work(s) just examined. This can be frustrat- retained its core collection of legal materials supply references where appropriate to STC, ing in places where the payoff of a particular and remains “widely regarded as the finest ESTC, Wing, Aldis, Madan, Goff, and key discussion seems unclear. Elsewhere, it leads working law library in the British Isles” (Ad- subject . The short introduction to substantial insight: comparing More’s Apol- vocates Library website). details the circumstances of the acquisition ogy with Hoccleve’s Remonstrance, Betteridge The 437-volume library of James Suther- and of the reconstruction process, and offers finds less difference in the heresy they each land (1638?–1719) was the collection’s second short but suggestive treatments of Sutherland combat than in More’s particular concern major acquisition after the library of Lord as collector, his uses of his own books and with heresy as threatening the “spiritual, col- Douglas. Robert L. Betteridge’s exemplary of the networks in which he participated. lective, and communal” space of the church reconstruction of the Sutherland library joins In conjunction with Sutherland’s surviving through “compendious empty eloquence.” W. A. Kelly’s edition of the Douglas library correspondence and other archival material More sought “to protect the boundaries of (1997) to offer a full picture of the early mentioned by Betteridge, this catalogue pro- ‘Christ’s Catholic Church’ not in confessional development of the Advocates Library. Suth- vides a solid foundation for further work on terms but linguistic” (149). erland was the first Keeper of the Edinburgh the collecting and scientific cultures of late Writing Faith could benefit from more Physic Garden and first professor of Botany seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century attention to the specific historical contexts at the University of Edinburgh. While his Scotland. of the works it considers. While admitting library is a relatively small one by contempo- Joseph Black that deliberate irony is unlikely in a poem rary standards, it is unusually strong in early University of Massachusetts Amherst presented to the king, Betteridge detects botany (including ), natural history, “extravagant claims” made in “a slightly medicine, and numismatics. ironic tone” in More’s “On the Coronation Sutherland sold his library in two stages. c Day of Henry VIII.” Considering its criticism In 1705, the Faculty purchased his numismata of Henry’s father, he asks “Was England for a lifetime annuity of £600 Scots, payable Thomas Betteridge. Writing Faith and Telling enslaved by Henry VII?” (42). The implicit in monthly instalments, plus funeral expenses. Tales: Literature, Politics, and Religion in the Work answer is “no.” Yet Henry VII’s was a reign Two years later, in 1707, the Faculty secured of . Notre Dame, IN: University even a mother could not love: Lady Margaret the remainder of the library by paying £782 of Notre Dame Press, 2013. xii, 260p. ISBN Beaufort participated in the new regime’s ef- Scots to Sutherland’s creditors. The sale left 9780268022396. US $38 (hardback). forts to distance itself from her son’s with a the canny Sutherland financially secure and royal proclamation that used terms similar to his books safely housed, safe from future Writing Faith and Telling Tales is “a study of those in More’s poem. Within months, Lord creditors. The purchases were recorded as More’s writing that places it within a tradi- Mountjoy described the scene for donations: Betteridge suggests that this ar- tion of late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century in language again reminiscent of More’s. rangement had been reached “to hide the fact vernacular literature” (7). This book covers a More also harboured a deep antipathy for ... /7 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 

... / 6 Henry VII, who had imprisoned his father translation is impossible and yet still occurs. find all the more persuasive; her facility on trumped-up charges. This matters in part Part of the difficulty is the need to master two with a range of materials that jump across because claims about “Coronation Day” are languages – a point that Bistué interprets as centuries, borders, and subject matter is used to develop a similarly questionable read- defining translation as the work of a single equally impressive and her findings should ing of The History of Richard III as a criticism individual. This view of “correct translation,” reinvigorate literary and translation studies of Henry VIII’s reign, one written in precisely she explains, became “the dominant theoreti- of this period. the years during which More sought a place cal model” of translation, even as collabora- Deborah Uman in the young king’s service. tive translation was practised and appreciated St John Fisher College, New York Readers expecting a full treatment of throughout Europe (27). More’s influences or of More’s engagement Chapters two and three examine examples c with print culture may be disappointed by this of team and multilingual translations respec- book’s focus on late medieval writers. Oth- tively. Locating hotbeds of collaborative trans- ers will see it as a helpful corrective. Minor lation in the Iberian kingdom and southern Anna Bogen. Women’s University Fiction, quibbles aside, Writing Faith is a valuable ad- Italy, where libraries housed numerous Arabic 1880–1945. London: Pickering & Chatto, dition to scholarship on More, written from and Greek texts, Bistué contends that works 2013. x, 230p. ISBN 9781848934085. £60 / a perspective that is rare in recent studies of created by multiple translators involve the US $99 (hardback). his work. intersection of multiple linguistic, political, Jason Powell religious, and social identities and challenge The campus narrative genre, whether in Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia theories of “linguistic and religious unifica- the form of the faculty-focused academic tion which supported the process of political novel or the student-centred college novel unification and centralisation that Renaissance or film, is often seen as a predominately c Europe was undergoing” (55). Turning to male-dominated one, from Kingsley Amis’s multilingual translation, Bistué demonstrates Jim Dixon to the Deltas of Animal House. the ways in which a number of the songs Standout female-authored or featured Belén Bitsué. Collaborative Translation and from the thirteenth-century collection Car- examples certainly exist, from Mary McCa- Multi-Version Texts in Early Modern Europe. mina Burana imitate strategies used in polyglot rthy’s Groves of Academe to Tom Wolfe’s I am Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, translations, and she advocates approaching Charlotte Simmons, and as Anna Bogen points 2013. xii, 188p., ill. ISBN 9781472411587. such multilingual material as texts. out, women’s university novels outnum- £60 (hardback). For the literary scholar, the most engaging bered men’s in the 1930s. So it is useful that chapter is the last. Focusing primarily on Don Bogen’s book reveals the strong current of Collaborative Translation and Multi-Version Quixote, Bistué examines the meta-fictional female college novels in the first half of the Texts in Early Modern Europe adds an important potential of the romance that presents itself twentieth century, and laudable that it recov- perspective to early modern translation stud- (as romances often do) as a translation – in ers lesser-known novels such as Rosy-fingered ies by focusing on two little-examined prac- this case a team translation, first from the Dawn (1934) and Our Young Barbarians (1935), tices: team translation, in which two or more Arabic by a morisco interpreter and then into and perhaps-forgotten work of canonical individuals cooperated, with one translating the final Castilian version. Bistué details the authors such as Virginia Woolf’s “A Woman’s a source text into an intermediary vernacular, many ways in which Cervantes invokes prac- College from the Outside” or Rosamond and the next translating the intermediary work tices linked to collaborative translations. Of Lehmann’s Dusty Answer (1927). It is also into the target language; and multilingual particular delight is her discussion of his use useful in addressing the college novel of the translation, in which versions in different of synonymia, or multilingual synonyms, which, British tradition, as opposed to the American languages are presented side-by-side. Bistué she argues, demonstrates anxiety “about the tradition. Conflating the two traditions, not to argues that collaborative techniques display proliferation of meaning and…about the in- mention a more global one, just as conflating the multiple writing subjects and interpretive determination of social identity” (155). While the academic and college novels, can lead positions involved in translation and simulta- Bistué argues that Don Quixote’s parody to unfair comparisons: while there may be neously challenge the early modern view that offers a view of collaborative translation as similarities, there are enough differences in translation is the product of a single transla- ridiculous, unifying the audience only in our the American and British systems of higher tor, offering a distinct, univocal meaning. laughter at these techniques, we might read education, as Bogen illustrates, to keep the Noting that most historical studies of the romance as revelling in these multiple distinction clear. Indeed, Bogen’s study could translation focus on theory rather than prac- possibilities for interpretation and resisting be more aptly titled “Women’s Oxbridge Fic- tice, Collaborative Translation provides ample the unifying impulses evident in the politics tions, 1880–1945,” as she specifically focuses evidence of both the prevalence of collabora- and theories of the time. on novels set at Oxford and Cambridge, as tive practices and the tension between ideas Several times Bistué points out that schol- opposed to the Redbricks (made famous later about translation and its reality. Chapter one arly bias against collaborative and multilingual in the novels of Amis and David Lodge, who scrutinizes what is considered the earliest ex- works has led to challenges locating these make the distinction between campus and tant translation treatise, De interpretatione recta materials, and she details the difficulties she varsity novel, the latter being the student- (1425/6) by Florentine humanist Leonardo encountered using traditional search engines centred Oxbridge form). At the same time, Bruni. An experienced translator himself, and databases. This explanation makes the though, Bogen’s book reminds us that more Bruni acknowledges a central paradox that preponderance of evidence that Bistué does attention should be paid to the voices of ... / 8  c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 7 college women, both in Britain and America. four types of readers of the university novel: 1903, and as an editor who paid women the Complementary examples in America that an academic audience made up of current same wages as men – his feminism was, Easley would bear consideration might include and former students and faculty; a juvenile argues, imperialist and “chivalrous.” Kathleen Millay’s Against the Wall (1929), audience accustomed to school stories (a Elizabeth Tilley shows how Stead’s “jour- Hester Pine’s Beer for Kitten (1939) and even genre that Bogen notes often overlaps the nalistic advertising” aided the Salvation Army, Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963), which can be university novel); a lower-middle-class market while they probably influenced his vision of usefully read as a college novel. whose main reading habit were the the Review of Reviews as a “Civic Church” (72). Bogen bases her study on the idea of and who were titillated by the hint of sexual Laurel Brake explores Stead’s “fascination the university novel as Bildungsroman and scandal with the covers of the university with journalism processes” (86), in particular structures each chapter by first outlining the novel; and the literary elite who championed his approach to monthly journalism and his pertinent aspects of Bildungsroman theory and Compton Mackenzie’s bestselling Sinister systematic indexing of other publications; historical context before comparing (usually Street. Bogen’s delineation of the varying read- she also highlights his career as a publisher two) example novels. Using the framework of ers is supported by reference to actual readers’ of books, magazines, and newspapers. John the Bildungsroman avoids the tendency to read experiences as described in letters and diaries, Nerone and Kevin G. Barnhurst trace Stead’s the novels as simply romans à clef or limited and complicates the concept of middlebrow links to America, both as a campaigner and satires of specific situations. By doing so, literature. Her typology of readers might as the earthly voice of dead American jour- she demonstrates tension between form and also bear relevance to the current spate of nalist Julia Ames, showing how he saw his content, concluding that this tension “throws academic and college novels as they respond spiritualism as intrinsically journalistic. They into useful relief the hidden ideology within to the needs of various publics the modern playfully extend Raymond Williams’s “mobile male university novel and university discourse university serves, including students, alumni, privatisation” of communication technologies more generally” (167). Organisationally, faculty, administrators, parents, taxpayers, from the home into the soul. Similarly, John Bogen breaks down the “lived experience” and legislatures. As Bogen’s study implies, Durham Peters describes how Stead expected of female college students into thematic each of these has a stake in how the campus “every enterprising newspaper” to exploit chapters, including liberal education, religion, is represented in fiction. telepathy alongside telephony (169); Peters home, war, the literary scene, and sexuality. Eric Leuschner sees Stead’s death on the Titanic as a symbol These themes continue to be resonant in Fort Hays State University, Kansas of many of his communication themes. university discourse today, on both sides of Chapters focusing on Stead’s journalistic the Atlantic, but differ from the problems of c innovations are largely positive, but those on political correctness and harassment culture his spiritualism and racism are more critical, of today. Lacking in these novels, in general, even mocking. Simon Potter’s examination is the tomfoolery and shenanigans associated Laurel Brake, Ed King, Roger Luckhurst, and of his pro-Boer stance reveals the ugliness with early American college novels such as James Mussell, eds. W. T. Stead: Newspaper of Stead’s racist language, while Justin Saus- Owen Wister’s Philosophy 4 or even Fitzgerald’s Revolutionary. London: British Library, 2012. man exposes his sheer silliness in conducting This Side of Paradise. xviii, 238p., ill. ISBN 9780712358668. £35 a national “census of ghosts” through the Each of Bogen’s chapters is essentially (hardback). Review of Reviews. This mixture, odd to us, independent since, as she points out in her natural to Stead and some contemporaries, introduction, there is little sense of progres- Despite the title of this book, only two comes across clearly. Yet, while the book sion in the pre-war period: “before World War chapters are about W. T. Stead’s newspapers makes no Stead-like claims of completeness, II, continuity generally outweighed change in (the Northern Echo in Darlington and the Pall two questions are left unanswered: why was university fiction” (4). As noted earlier, most Mall Gazette in London), with the Review of Stead not a socialist, and how did others, of the works Bogen utilises will be unfamiliar, Reviews receiving more attention, alongside especially journalists, see him? but enough summary and context is provided Stead’s spiritualism. However, the eleven A six-page chronology provides some to understand the analysis. substantive chapters by media theorists and context, showing the almost pathological As Bogen notes in her early chapters, and Victorian press experts have much to say range of Stead’s interests, involvements, which will be of interest to SHARP members, about the thought-world in which journal- and achievements. This book should be the university novel, particularly in the first ism was practised around the turn of the read alongside a biography, and a list of half of the twentieth century, was often an twentieth century. recommended reading would have helped. example of the middlebrow or pulp novel Highlights include Tony Nicholson on Despite the subject’s eclectic activities and tradition, with its lengthy, formulaic plot of how Stead went from office clerk to fully no introductory chapter, this collection hangs college athletics and upward mobility; its formed provincial daily newspaper editor as together, its themes addressed from different sets of vignettes sentimentalising the college a campaigning, highly networked exponent angles across chapters. Topics include in par- experience; and its links to the exposé novels of American-style New Journalism, which ticular Stead’s extra-journalistic activities, links that associated college life with drinking, pet- he later exported to London. James Mussell between journalism and fiction, journalism’s ting, and other popularly regarded excesses analyses scandal as a journalistic genre, high- ideologies and related techniques, Stead’s of youth. Like their pulp novel cousins, many lighting its paradoxical complexity. There is mixture of modern and Victorian views, college novels quickly disappeared, perhaps further paradox in Alexis Easley’s case for and again and again, the essential naïveté and leading to the marginalisation of the genre. Stead’s place in feminist history, as a catalyst superficiality of journalism. In particular, in chapter one, Bogen outlines for the revival of the suffrage campaign in One could argue that Stead’s singularity ... /9 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 

... / 8 reduces his representativeness and signifi- holds true no matter by what means a text Patrizia Carmassi, Eva Schlotheuber & Almut cance (116). But his influence, and firm grasp passes from one form to another: variance Breitenbach, eds. Schriftkultur und religiöse of journalism as a discourse, make this an is a given with each transmission of the text Zentren im norddeutschen Raum. Wiesbaden: important contribution to any archaeology either in manuscript or print. But then Greg Harrassowitz Verlag in Kommission, 2014. of the media and communications world in is one of those absent scholars in this book. 548p., ill. (24 b/w & 19 col. plates). ISBN which we now live and breathe. Bredehoft also keeps saying that manuscripts 9783447100168. €108 (hardback). are unique, but this is a bit like telling us that Andrew Hobbs water is wet. It is the very definition of the This collection of eleven essays is based on University of Central Lancashire difference between manuscript and print that a workshop, “Schriftlichkeit und Kulturtrans- each copy of the former is unique whereas fer im norddeutschen Raum,” that took place c each copy of the latter is, or is meant to be, in the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüt- the same as every other copy. tel, Germany, in 2009. The subject of the When Bredehoft comes to tackle the first anthology is the cultural space of the religious Thomas A. Bredehoft. The Visible Text: Tex- four folio editions of Shakespeare’s plays (F1 centres in the north of Germany from the tual Production and Reproduction from Beowulf 1623, F2 1632, F3 1664, F4 1685) things get Middle Ages to the sixteenth century. to Maus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, even more worrying. He spends a deal of The introduction by the volume’s three 2014. x, 182p., ill. ISBN 9780199603152. time on Hinman’s Norton Facsimile of F1 editors gives an overview of the current £18.99 (paperback). ISBN 9780199603169. (1968) and the fact that it is not a facsimile state of research about cultural space and £50 (hardback). of any particular copy but is made up of scholarship in the Middle Ages, with special the corrected copy of each page, making it emphasis on such aspects as “Kloster- When fashionable critical theory infected “ideal” in Bredehoft’s terminology, without landschaft,” “Kulturtopographie,” and the analytical bibliography and textual criticism any indication that it is that way because of network of knowledge based on the media several decades ago, even blurring the mean- Hinman’s vast amount of work in collating of literature, sermons, liturgical singing, and ing of the latter term, it was soon found to many copies of F1, even inventing a machine so on. The centres of knowledge in north- make these studies, which require precision for doing this collation (the Hinman Collator), ern Germany are then analysed in Hedwig and accuracy, both vague and imprecise, culminating in his magisterial two-volume Röckelein’s monumental essay as sites for and it was eventually abandoned. However, The Printing and Proof-Reading of the First Folio the production of literature and culture. She this book is a demonstration that it has not of Shakespeare (Oxford, 1963). In addition, identifies the clergy as the main producers entirely been eradicated. The title itself is a although he mentions Ben Jonson’s poem to of literature in the Middle Ages and dem- demonstration of the strange world in which Shakespeare, to be found in F1 and thereafter, onstrates the importance of monasteries and this kind of work is done. What sort of text he fails to mention that F2 has Milton’s poem schools (Dom-, Stiftsschulen, Hohe Schulen) would be the invisible text? How can anyone to Shakespeare (“What needs my Shakespear for northern culture, as well as the influence say anything about a text that is unseen? for his honour’d Bones, / The labour of an of religious reforms. Next, Felix Heinzer What Bredehoft appears to mean by the term age in piled Stones…”). He also ignores the discusses the monastic way of life as an “visible” is that text that we can see and read importance of all the earlier quarto editions of ideal context for study and learning – “ideal as opposed to what he repeatedly calls the about half the poems collected in F1. gedachter Freiraum” (142) – and describes “ideal” text, and he appears to use “ideal” in There are many, many other problems liturgy and liturgical texts as both creating the same way critical editors and descriptive with this book, and perhaps some of them and representing important texts and images, bibliographers have used it to mean that form can be put down to inadequate copy- or “kulturelle Klausur” (142). In fact, liturgy of the text which was intended by its crea- by Oxford University Press, such as “unique was a permanent factor in the daily lives of tors but which may not exist in any surviving and different” (59), and my favourite, “[the] monks and students, and Heinzer underlines example. This would be all well and good had problem of Beowulf’s uniqueness will be the the essential role of repetitive liturgical pat- he rehearsed any of these arguments, but he carrot that…will lead us through the maze terns, as well as the interaction between the does not. Indeed, those scholars who have of these lost manuscripts and their fate” liturgical and the visual. struggled with the notion of the ideal (W. W. (25), but in the end we are no further along Considering various liturgical manuscripts Greg, Fredson Bowers, Charlton Hinman, D. in our understanding of texts, visible or not. from the Dominican convent of Paradies bei F. McKenzie, and others) are entirely absent In fact, one could draw the conclusion from Soest, such as graduals from the fourteenth from the pages of this book. These are by no this book that we do not know nearly as much and early fifteenth centuries, Jeffrey F. Ham- means the only things absent. about texts and their transmission as a careful burger examines the practice of incorporat- Bredehoft is concerned throughout the study of the scholarship demonstrates that we ing both illustration and Latin commentary book with the matter of textual variance. do know. And of course my greatest worry is into these manuscripts: “the nuns who made However, he seems to be innocent of Greg’s that a book such as this from a distinguished these manuscripts managed to combine word statement in The Calculus of Variants (Oxford, imprint such as this is going to lead the novice and image with considerable artistry, inge- 1927) that “the process of transcription is into thinking this is the way textual work is nuity and variety” (175); thus, the convent characterized by variation” and that “such done. It is not. of Paradies “will prove a significant center variation may be assumed to be universal, William Proctor Williams and source of intellectual light in its own every transcription introducing some variants University of Akron, Ohio right” (224). Franz Karl Praßl’s analysis of … in all but the shortest texts” (8), and this yet another liturgical manuscript, the Mind- ... /10 10 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 9 ener Graduale (HAB Wolfenbüttel, Codex David Carter. Always Almost Modern: Australian be possible to miss David Carter’s brilliant Guelf. 1008 Helmst.), moreover, shows how Print Cultures and Modernity. North Melbourne: and important contribution to the study of music was transferred from Sankt Gallen to Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2013. xv, the republic of letters in this period and re- Minden. 312p. ISBN 9781925003109. AUD $44. gion. For Antipodean scholars who have fol- Patrizia Carmassi examines several manu- lowed Carter’s work over the last two decades, scripts produced in Halberstadt throughout Over the last twenty years, David Carter this collection is an extraordinarily useful the Middle Ages. Focusing on the scribes of has approached the question of modernity in assemblage of otherwise difficult-to-source these manuscripts, she offers a sketch of the Australian literary and cultural studies from essays. For scholars in America and Britain practice of writing in Halberstadt and thereby almost every angle conceivable: the rise of who may still operate without reflecting on presents the town as a medieval centre of the modern within contemporary consumer fields of print culture outside of their orbit, writing. Bertram Lesser discusses the many culture; the institutionalization of Australian this collection may come as a gentle rebuke, different ways of distributing books in this literature against and within this background; a revelation, or an important corrective. For period by drawing on the practices of buying, the role of magazines, their relation to the literary scholars in and of Australia who have copying, and donating manuscripts. While he middlebrow and its unique character in Aus- not yet been prompted to think beyond close concentrates on the Devotio moderna as a tralia (Was Australia always middlebrow? Or readings or familiar frameworks, the ques- “Textgemeinschaft” (textual community), he was it never, quite?); considering art, televi- tions Carter raises about what constitutes also takes into consideration Geert Groote sion, cultural nationalism, internationalism, the literary field, how it is constructed and and Florens Radewijns and their approach fascism, and communism. In so doing, he has maintained, and what is excluded in tradi- to organising a library. Britta-Juliane Kruse uncovered a rich history of print culture in tional approaches invite welcome ways to examines the inventory of the Augustiner- Australia from the First World War to mid- reconceptualise literary studies in general and Chorfrauenstift Steterburg of the sixteenth century, years that have historically been cast modernism/modernity in particular. century, and provides a complete list of Ste- as Australia’s dullest. In Always Almost Modern, Yet for studies of print culture more terburg’s property (textiles, sculptures, liturgi- Carter has assembled a number of key essays broadly, Carter’s work is indispensable, for cal equipment, manuscripts, and documents) that have become keystones of the broader two reasons. The first is the way it conceives in the period before the Reformation. A field of print culture studies and which are of “the modernity of writing which is not modern edition of the text of this inventory exemplary in their engagement with book always overtly modernist” (vii), insisting on can be found in the appendix to her article. history, institutional history, periodical stud- the importance of seeing writing “within a Next, Tuomas Heikkilä provides an over- ies, film studies, literary repute, and studies print or cultural economy, in relation to other view of the book culture of medieval Finland, of the middlebrow. media and forms of entertainment, and, as and highlights Finland’s role as part of both Amidst a culture of Australian literary that implies in relation to a public space and the Swedish empire and the Latinitas; the studies in which asking such questions and to a marketplace” (vii). The second is the way most important collection of Finnish docu- engaging in such approaches uncannily mir- it draws from Robert Dixon’s approach to ments is the Fragmenta membranea collection rors the dilemma posed in Carter’s title (Have colonial modernity in Australia which “takes in the Finnish National Library. Jan Brunius Australian academics always been renegades? issue with the assumption that modernity then discusses fragments of German manu- Or have they never been, quite?), it is easy is first invented in the metropolitan centre scripts (mostly liturgical ones) in Swedish to see that Carter’s brilliant work has fallen and then exported to the colonial peripher- Finland as evidence of a vital book culture in between stools, very similar to the fate of ies, which are always, by definition, belated” medieval Finland. Almut Schneider considers Australian modernism and modernity that he (quoted in Carter xi). the function of the German language and its uncovers and describes. Despite the richness Engaging in the broad issues of how ideas regional variations in comparison to Latin of Carter’s work, it is interesting to make his of ‘high’ and ‘low’ were shaped in Australian textual culture. Finally, by way of examining own work subject to the kinds of scrutiny culture, Carter observes that in the rise of the the Devotio moderna and the literary canon under which he holds his topics of inquiry. “notion of an Australian tradition” (28), the that was established by Geert Groote, Rita Considering institutional gatekeeping, for consequent flourishing of nationalist cultural Schlusemann discusses the space of literature instance, it is instructive to notice that few history had the unforeseen effect of circum- in the north (Ijssel to Lubeck, Ostwestfalen established literary journals in Australia have scribing and narrowing “the literary history” to Cologne). hosted this work in its earlier published forms. (28) of Australia in this period. Over the years, This volume is an important contribution Yet it has also been enlightening for me, as a studies such as Drusilla Modjeska’s Exiles at to medieval book culture in that it identifies literary scholar, to read these essays with an Home (1981) or Carole Ferrier’s Gender, Politics the north of Germany as a significant cultural interwar history and literature reading group; and Fiction (1985) have undertaken a broaden- space. Moreover, it complements a series in so doing I have discovered that historians ing of the literary field in Australia. To these, of studies on the culture of south-western seldom find that Carter’s wide-ranging work Carter’s own project makes an important Germany during the Middle Ages, edited by lives up to their standards for empiricism further contribution, extending the project Jeffrey F. Hamburger, Nigel F. Palmer, and and dense notation. These points may help of recuperation beyond overlooked women Hans-Jochen Schiewer: Kulturtopographie des ale- account for the diverse range of publications or social realist novelists to even wider con- mannischen Raums, published by De Gruyter. both in Australia and abroad in which these siderations of forces that shape the literary essays found original publication. and cultural field. Sabine Griese As a consequence, without this book’s col- Victoria Kuttainen University of Leipzig, Germany lection of these wide-ranging essays, it might James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 11

Julie A. Chappell. Perilous Passages: The Book requirement that another follow from it, which revenge tragedy, as well as valued editions of of Margery Kempe, 1534–1934. Basingstoke: itself is justified by a subsequent circumstance. drama from the English Republic. Clare’s re- Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. xlvi, 178p. ISBN For instance, no substantial evidence supports search frequently emphasises the instabilities 9781137277671. £55 / US $90. (hardback) the claim that the manuscript was in the pos- of the early modern theatre, and in her latest session of London Carthusians, apart from monograph she offers a compelling picture The fifteenth-century Middle English the assertion that Everard Digby had it at of previously overlooked creative interac- prose text known as the Book of Margery Kempe the dissolution of the London charterhouse tions within the theatrical trade of the late continues to challenge readers. Its material in 1538. Chappell establishes one possibil- sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. transmission stands as a valuable and often ity for the manuscript’s movement, with the Shakespeare’s Stage Traffic is concerned under-considered source for understanding visit of the London prior, John Houghton, with “the interplay of imitation, borrow- early receptions of this laywoman’s spirituality to Mount Grace: “it is not a stretch to believe ing, and competition in the ambience of and her Book. The text’s convoluted narration that Houghton may have been the means by Shakespeare’s theatre” (1). Such is the status of its own inscription, the layers of annota- which the Mount Grace copy […] came to accorded to Shakespeare that critics have tions in the single surviving manuscript (now London” (30). But why should we think the been reluctant to acknowledge the extent to British Library MS Additional 61823), the manuscript was in sixteenth-century London which some of his plays are the result of ad- two sixteenth-century of excerpts, at all? Digby’s possession of the book is hardly aptation. This notion does not sit easily with and the manuscript’s dramatic rediscovery secure. As Chappell admits, “no extant docu- the perception of Shakespeare as “a widely in 1934 all have shaped the Book’s present ments give the possessions each monk carried. read and serious playwright who thoroughly status in religious and literary history. An in- We cannot, therefore, be precisely sure what researched his material, deftly shaping it into novative digital facsimile of the manuscript is Everard Digby’s baggage contained” (55). To theatre, providing material fit to be studied in newly available online, thanks to Southeastern remedy this lack of documentation, a subse- departments of English literature” (34). In Louisiana University and the British Library quent episode is enlisted: “But evidence for this book, Clare’s aim is “not in any way to – and so now would seem an apt time to at least one item in his possession seems clear deny or diminish Shakespeare’s extraordinary reconsider the journey of Margery’s “tretys” since it ended up with the senior branch of gifts,” but to resituate his writing within the from past to present. the family. Digby provided the second passage networks of influence, exchange, and com- Julie A. Chappell’s study promises to for the manuscript” (55). This shift from what petition between companies and playwrights, recount just this passage through history, “seems clear” to historical assertion is charac- and to suggest how we might “see his plays from the manuscript’s ownership by late teristic of the study’s mode of argument. as part of the dynamics of early modern medieval Carthusians at Mount Grace Priory In addition to such gaps in historical evi- theatre nurtured by a responsive theatre-go- in Yorkshire to its modern identification by dence, Perilous Passages also makes a number of ing public” (3). medievalist Hope Emily Allen. “Its journey overreaching claims about the religious faith Clare draws on the full implications of over nearly 400 years” entails five “passages,” of those involved in the Book’s transmission; “traffic” – trade, exchange, negotiation, and corresponding roughly to the five chapters for example: “Those who preserved Kempe’s competition – to articulate how the fun- of Chappell’s study: from Mount Grace to Book could not and would not have done so damental matter of plays was “trafficked” a Carthusian charterhouse in London; from unless there had not [sic] been a profound through the early modern theatrical market, the Carthusians to the Digby family; from the sense of faith” (90–91) and “Externally, Digby moving between companies, playwrights, Digby to the Bowden family; and finally to had conformed to Henry [VIII]’s demands, audiences, and performance venues. The the manuscript’s rediscovery and publication but the inward man must have held to the eight central chapters each discuss a single (xliv–xlv). In standard accounts of the man- religion that sent him to the Carthusians in Shakespeare play (including Hamlet and Henry uscript’s history, a gap in knowledge stretches the first place” (55). The pattern of assertions VIII) or group of plays (the early histories between Mount Grace and its possession by far exceeding their support means that Perilous and early comedies, for example) in relation Henry Bowden (b. 1754), whose bookplates Passages should be cited only with caution. to contemporary dramatic texts. Clare’s focus are still found inside. Perilous Passages offers a is dramaturgy: while it is relatively straightfor- sometimes plausible, but never conclusive, Julie Orlemanski ward to compare verbal borrowing between account of the manuscript’s whereabouts University of Chicago texts, how and why one play might replicate during this interval. the dramatic effects of a particular narra- At its best, Perilous Passages draws together c tive or scenario from another are issues that sources of evidence usually separated by previously have been neglected. conventions of periodization and disciplinary Shakespeare’s Stage Traffic thus asks us to specialization. The sheer historical range of Janet Clare. Shakespeare’s Stage Traffic: Imitation, reconsider the adequacy of terms like source, the project is impressive, moving from me- Borrowing and Competition in Renaissance Theatre. pre-text, co-text, and intertextuality as critical dieval palaeography to Reformation politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. tools for dealing with early modern plays. In from gentry genealogies to correspondence xii, 308p. ISBN 9781107040038. £65 / US working on the Henry VI plays, King John, and among modern scholars. Unfortunately, the $99 (hardback). Richard III, for example, Shakespeare was study is marred by a mismatch between the indebted to other plays performed by the strength of its assertions and the tenuousness Janet Clare’s contributions to scholarship Queen’s Men: The Life and Death of King John, of its evidence. The logic of the argument is on the theatre in early modern England in- as it appeared in the First Folio, owes much frequently circular: one fact is proven by the clude distinguished work on censorship and to The Troublesome Reign of King John (attributed ... /12 12 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 11 to George Peele), integrating plot, structure, women from one another, showcasing each than abstract way, particularly when encoun- and tone. Audiences would have thought as a singularly individual author in a series tering the figure of the Greek woman: invari- of them together, and furthermore, “both of case study chapters. He re-contextualizes ably concubine, slave, or sequestered wife, not plays would have been received as part of a Lucy Aikin’s long poem Epistles on Women emblem of Hellenic heroism and freedom. more general textual continuum of patriotic (1810), bringing into graphic relief its brief This ambivalence, fully Romantic in its long- pro-Tudor history writing in which dramatic passages on Greece as sites for a feminist ing, opens new doors for re-examining the history played such a great part” (48). redefining of the idea of Greece and of Romantic as well as the Hellenic dimensions This book offers a challenge to the history itself. Felicia Hemans’s epic Modern of Romantic Hellenism. kinds of bias readily found in Shakespeare Greece (1817), an “aggressive challenge to Amy Muse criticism. Borrowing, revising, and adapt- Byron’s Hellenism” (70) in its pro-Elgin and University of St Thomas, Minnesota ing were inherently part of writing for the pro-imperialist bent, is also, he discovers, a theatre in early modern England, and Clare reappraisal of J. J. Winckelmann and by impli- convincingly argues that the creative talent cation German-centred Romantic Hellenism, c was sometimes more evenly spread than we in favour of an Anglocentric Greece that will assume. Shakespeare’s Stage Traffic draws its own revitalize England. Most intriguing to me was conclusions about various plays, but should Comet’s work on Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Christopher D. Cook, with also catalyse readers to rethink how we ap- that relentless experimenter with poetic form, descriptions by Mirjam M. Foot. Incunabula proach early modern drama, in Shakespeare who “struggles with a Hellenism of second in the Westminster Abbey and Westminster School scholarship certainly, but also in the influential thoughts, proposing a traditional classical vi- Libraries. London: The Bibliographical Soci- project of editing and teaching the works of sion only to destroy it” (100). He performs ety, 2013. 188p., ill. ISBN 9780948170239. Shakespeare – not the only “merchant of an especially fine reading of her poem “The £45 (hardback). great traffic through the world,” to borrow Thessalian Fountain” (1835) – and, aware a phrase from The Taming of the Shrew – in that it is unfamiliar and hard to find, includes The quality of this book’s craftsmanship relation to those of his predecessors and a copy of it and two other Landon poems in – the paper stock, typography, mise-en-page and contemporaries. an appendix. binding – reflects the seriousness with which Lucy Razzall Of particular interest will be Comet’s find- the authors treat their subject. The care and Emmanuel College, Cambridge ings on women’s print culture of 1820s and - attention given to this book’s construction 30s England. Magazines such as Lady’s Monthly seems only fitting, for those who catalogue Museum and its competitor The Court Magazine, incunabula know such matters of form are an c or La Belle Assemblée form our “missing link” essential part of the content. The specifics of between the familiar male-dominated Hel- binding, paper, type, and ink are what often lenism produced in the university classrooms distinguishes one copy of a pre-1501 imprint Noah Comet. Romantic Hellenism and Women and the high-brow publishing houses, and the from another. The decoration of a binding or Writers. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, “far-reaching popular movement” (17) of the notes and diagrams left in the margins of 2013. xii, 172p. ill. ISBN 9781137304971. English Hellenism largely created by women a single page, for example, can provide impor- £55 (hardback). – hugely influential at the time, but barely tant clues as to when the book was bound and known today. Had literary historians not how it was used, while the inclusion of rubri- In the conclusion of Romantic Hellenism disregarded the resources of women’s maga- cated initials and manuscript images may offer and Women Writers, Noah Comet states that zines, we would have seen, all along, a form evidence for understanding the customization “Romantic women’s Hellenism has never of scholarship being conducted to present and cost of that same volume. Such findings, been acknowledged as a coherent genre of classical Greek knowledge to women. What on occasion, can return us to the different writing” (119). Until now. In this “disruptive Comet unearths in the periodical archives is settings in which these books circulated, and study” (3) Comet rewrites the story of Ro- no less than a curriculum for a public classi- that kind of evidence may alert us to larger mantic Hellenism away from the one narrated cal education; in his first (and in some ways social phenomena. Catalogues such as this, almost entirely by men in their university-clas- most innovative) chapter he “reconstruct[s] therefore, are much more than listings; they sics mould. He challenges traditional practices a syllabus” for this educational programme also capture relationships between people, of literary periodization, which have left the and “interpret[s] the pedagogy that informed places, and things. 1820s and -30s – the “historiographically lost it” (19). Christopher D. Cook and Mirjam M. Foot years between Romantic and Victorian” (3) The commonality within what Comet capture all of this: their slim but detailed – sorely, even unconscionably neglected. And calls “women’s Greece” is a shift away from catalogue offers seventy copy-specific en- he urges us into periodical archives, which “monumental” Greece to something “tenu- tries for incunabula currently housed at the remain relatively unexcavated but full of ous” and “ephemeral” (3). Unlike their male Westminster Abbey and Westminster School resources for refreshing our understanding compatriots, the women aren’t awestruck; Libraries, provides details of seventeen fif- of Romanticism, women’s authorship, and they’re decidedly ambivalent, keenly aware teenth-century printed binding fragments nineteenth-century print culture. of the imperfections of ancient Greece and found within books from the same libraries, Even though the book is titled Romantic the uncertainty of modern Greece. For them, and includes an appendix of four incunabula Hellenism and Women Writers (my emphasis), the famous Romantic “burden of the past” previously recorded as part of the collection one of Comet’s strengths is to distinguish the weighs heavily in a distinctly concrete rather but no longer present, not to mention a short ... / 13 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 13

... / 12 foreword and introduction, and aids including books. This volume offers an excellent model necessary lie of literature rather than a hand- a bibliography, concordance, and various in- for future cataloguers to follow. maid to historical veracity” (43). Likewise, dexes. What is more, the book is of the same Scott Schofield Peter Sabor presents compelling reasons for high quality throughout – a testament to the Huron University College, Ontario revisiting Frances Burney’s manuscript life strength of the research behind the words. writings that, unlike the “imaginative” (85) A typical entry begins with a collation that reworkings that appeared in print, reveal includes details of sheet size and format, c Burney’s more spontaneous construction of signatures, and leaf and binding measure- multiple selves. ments. The remainder of the entry includes Daniel Cook and Amy Culley, eds. Women’s A number of essays introduce neglected references to major catalogues such as the Life Writing, 1700–1850: Gender, Genre and material or obscured contributions. Catherine Bodleian Catalogue (Bod-Inc) and Authorship. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Delafield reconsiders the collaborative nature ISTC, and detailed sections on ownership, 2012. x, 254p. ISBN 9780230343078. £56 of the “life writing cycle” (28) and offers a binding, and use. It is in these final parts dedi- (hardback). complex account of the role of both Burney cated to provenance that we see most vividly and her niece and editor, Charlotte Barrett, in the social uses for such books. Some entries Scholars of life writing often preface their the production of Burney’s posthumous life note the presence of manuscript indexes, studies with caveats about its problematic sta- writings. Gillian Dow introduces an impor- corrections, and notes, many of which are tus. As a subgenre poised somewhere between tant comparative analysis of the reception of in sixteenth- or seventeenth-century hands; history and literature, it presents readers with “omnipresent” (87) French female-authored other entries record examples of bookplates, fascinating but often frustrating examples of works in Britain, arguing that these texts help stamps, armorials, and ownership inscrip- the complex dynamic between the real and the reveal British attitudes to femininity and tions, including examples by students and representational in historical texts. As the edi- memoir writing. Laura Davies’s illuminat- divines associated with Westminster Abbey tors of the present collection argue, though, ing study of seventeen unpublished letters or School. Some of the books are still in their “life writing has broader implications for our from early Methodist women focuses on the contemporary bindings, while many others understanding of literary genres, construc- women’s unique and sometimes conflicting show evidence of having been rebound at tions of gender, the relationship between representation of time as the organising later stages. The catalogue may enumerate a manuscript and print, the mechanisms of pub- principle of their conversion narratives. Amy list of incunabula, but the entries as a whole licity and celebrity, and models of authorship Culley revisits the court memoir, revealing capture textual traditions spanning the five in the period” (1). Drawing inspiration from that it can help us to interrogate disciplinary centuries that follow. Clare Brant’s influential arguments about the boundaries between objective history and Among the most innovative parts of myriad but marginalised literary forms that “linear narratives of self-development” the catalogue is the final section devoted to many eighteenth-century women produced, (134). Finally, noting the critical neglect of printers’ waste. While some of the fragments the chapters in this a diverse range biographies of women writers themselves, derive from the bindings of incunabula, many of texts and genres in order to evidence the Jennie Batchelor concludes the volume with others come from bindings of post-1501 ways in which women’s life writing can enrich a trenchant polemic on the crucial place of imprints in the Westminster collections. But and transform traditional narratives of author- biography in women’s literary history. why include the fragments? Consider frag- ship, reading, and textual production. At the Space precludes mentioning all twelve ment 6. The unsewn conjugate leaves from same time, numerous contributors tackle the essays, but they are all fine pieces of scholar- the circa 1494 Venetian imprint Breviarium issue of fact versus fiction in relation to their ship. It is to the credit of the editors, Cook Saresberiense, illustrated here in high-quality, subjects’ textual representations, offering nu- and Culley, and all the contributors that the colour photographs, are extremely rare. Since anced appreciations of contextual pressures chapters so consistently and productively no complete copy of this edition of the Bre- as well as creative outcomes. speak to each other. Women’s Life Writing viarium survives, these fragments form the The introduction and twelve essays in will undoubtedly become an important rarest example of incunabula printing from this collection encompass an enviable range model and guide for future scholarship in the two collections. of knowledge and expertise, from Isobel the field. One notable omission from the libraries’ Grundy reminding us of Lady Mary Wortley Melanie Bigold holdings is any work produced by England’s Montagu’s extraordinary output of autobio- Cardiff University first printer, . Caxton’s press graphical material, to Felicity A. Nussbaum’s “was located within the abbey’s precincts from case for the innovatory nature of Hester 1476 to 1491” (18) and yet he is only repre- Thrale Piozzi’s Anecdotes of Samuel Johnson, in c sented by a single fragment in the collection. which “she infused (auto)biographical writ- While Caxton may hold only a minor place ing with a previously uncharted revelation Mary Cosgrove. Born Under Auschwitz: Mel- in these two collections, contemporary Eu- of private information” (62). Daniel Cook, ancholy Traditions in Postwar German Literature. ropean printers, including major figures from taking a more holistic view of the vagaries of Rochester, NY & Cambridge, UK: Camden Basel, Cologne, Paris and Venice, are regular eighteenth-century publishing, argues against House, 2014. x, 234p. ISBN 9781571135568. fixtures. Readers interested in incunabula will the search for truth in life writing. Utilising £50 (hardback). naturally be interested in this catalogue, but so Laetitia Pilkington’s Memoirs, he shows that her too will scholars interested in provenance and understanding of the genre is one of “a know- Melancholy, the principal focus of Mary related copy-specific features of early printed ingly fictional pursuit, an extension of the Cosgrove’s new monograph, has an estab- ... / 14 14 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 13 lished provenance in European literature; to Jacques Derrida” (6). Nonsense. be considered, in style as well as content, as Cosgrove seeks to explore variations of it in Esoteric ruminations on the ambivalence developments of Dane’s previous feisty (or recent German fiction, examining works by of language and the “destabilizing” of ideas at least contentious) The Myth of Print Culture: Günter Grass, Wolfgang Hildesheimer, Peter about humanism notwithstanding, the broad Essays on Evidence, Textuality, and Bibliographical Weiss, W. G. Sebald, and Iris Hanika. Her term “melancholy” has different and often Analysis (Toronto, 2003). Indeed, Dane admits point of reference throughout is the 1514 contradictory connotations. Ambivalence that Out of Sorts is “an extension of a polemic engraving by Albrecht Dürer titled Melencolia “also informs medical accounts of melan- I have been conducting for several years” I, itself the subject of numerous scholarly choly,” Cosgrove notes: “[d]istinct from (191). The books show one of our most inquiries. other kinds of sadness, melancholy is usually prolific bibliographers and book historians Cosgrove’s book is superbly researched a sadness with insufficient cause: the subject in a playful mood, illustrating wide-ranging and frequently thought-provoking, particu- struggles to identify and name what caused problems in technical “hard” bibliography by larly as it proceeds from the experience of his sadness” (6). Here the author fails to go enlisting a similarly technical term (but one melancholy in the work of Grass, whom she further with a much-needed clinical investiga- with an unexpected figurative usage) to draw nominates as a member of the Holocaust tion. While certain postmodernist trends may in a more general readership. Let it then be “perpetrator collective,” to Hildesheimer and reflect a “heterogeneity of meaning” about said that neither title is much of a guide to the the “victim collective,” through the others melancholy, there is no mention whatsoever contents of the books. Out of Sorts, despite its until she finally concludes that “collective of various shadings of the mental distress illustration of individual pieces of guilt” remains a good thing for all Germans she purports to analyse, skipping over bipolar type (“sorts”), does not have those individual to maintain and from which to suffer. There disorder, depression, schizophrenia, mood pieces as the main focus of its much more is such a thing, she claims, as the “ethics of swings, adult attention hyperactivity disorder,r wide-ranging account of typographical oddi- memory” (59), and the duty of remembering and a whole host of other maladies. She ties in the production of copies in the age of German guilt is a worthy one. Yet many young is instead content to settle on the long-en- the printed book; and Blind Impressions, despite Germans no longer have an emotional con- trenched terms “good melancholy” and “bad its dust jacket attempt to render the shadowed nection to the Holocaust. The reunification melancholy:” the former provides a literary effect of uninked letterpress, is not a techni- of Germany has accelerated the unethical artist with opportunities to transcend sadness, cal guide to this feature alone, in, say, the development of “Shoa business” (186), the while the latter relegates him to inertia. manner of Randall McLeod, who has made memory industry in Germany. By the book’s The title Born Under Auschwitz derives from the study of uninked (“blind”) relief all his conclusion, Cosgrove recognizes (as does au- Rudolph and Margot Wittkower’s Born Under own, and who gets an entire “Typographical thor Hanika) that such ethical considerations Saturn (1963), which examined the popular … Interlude” in Out of Sorts devoted to his are on the wane; young Germans are tired of image of the artist as an eccentric, noble other analytical techniques. Dane cannot be feeling guilty – though many retain feelings genius. Saturn is “the astral mentor” of such a the first reader to admit that McLeod’s “FIAT of guilt for not feeling guilty. figure (9). Today, however, it signals the com- fLUX” is “difficult to summarize…(as I am Such conceits make this book fascinating, ing-of-age (after 1945) of authors who use sure its author intended it to be)” (95), but though the overuse of postmodernist jargon melancholy as a means of crafting an ethical the playful manner and technical dexterity of dulls the sharp edges of Cosgrove’s insights, discourse of literary commemoration. both Dane and McLeod make them not-so- most notably those about Grass and Sebald. strange bedfellows. Is this legerdemain (even Her overestimations about the “melancholy William Grange misrepresentation) a disservice to serious performative” (37) are good examples; she University of Nebraska, Lincoln bibliography? Clearly not, and a review of claims that the work of some linguistic phi- Dane’s two books with similar provocative losophers has revealed the importance of design features should I think give credit to certain indicative constructions in language, c the designer, John Hubbard, who is an active by which one’s statements are genuine actions. collaborator in the message and method of It is true that in Roman legal tradition state- the books. ments allowed husbands to obtain a divorce Joseph A. Dane. Out of Sorts: On Typography Given that the canny reader of Dane’s simply by throwing a pot against a wall and and Print Culture. Philadelphia and Oxford: œuvre will probably not expect the chapter on declaring his intent. Such assertions, however University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. xii, “The Red and the Black” in Impressions to of- private and unwitnessed, were nonetheless 242p., ill. ISBN 9780812242942. £39 / US fer a study of Stendhal (the essay is innocent performative; they were not merely utter- $59.95 (hardback). of any mention of the French novelist) but ances but constituted formations that were to concentrate on the technical problems of “performed.” It is a profoundly unreasonable Joseph A. Dane. Blind Impressions: Methods two-colour printing in letterpress, there is an stretch to apply such abstractions to literary and Mythologies in Book History. Philadelphia: understanding that this play with titles is not interpretations of the Holocaust. “We might University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. viii, an attempt to mislead but a rhetorical ploy view this,” Cosgrove maintains, “from a de- 224p., ill. ISBN 9780812245493. £42.50 / US that enlivens the presentation of bibliographi- constructionist angle in terms of the perfor- $65 (hardback). cal evidence. And sometimes the allusion in mative that indicates a lack of original, unitary a title (“Bibliographers of the Mind” in Blind meaning … The heterogeneity of meaning Joseph Dane clearly has a way with titles. Impressions, with its reference to D. F. McKen- that emerges in this space of ambivalence is These two books are both products of the zie’s much-cited “Printers of the Mind”) can the general condition of language, according “Material Texts” series from Penn, and might be illuminating as well as informative. Simi- ... / 15 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 15

... / 14 larly, the list of lists in “On the Making of having demurrals about conducting research The book is based on the premise that Lists” in Blind Impressions offers a refreshing in Boston because of the horrendous traffic “[h]indsight is at once the condition of our interrogation of such well-known divisions and parking? (Blind Impressions, 150–1). knowledge of the past, and the viewpoint and subdivisions as “printing history” and None of these tales from the underbelly of that we need to resist or abrogate if our “Anglo-American bibliography” (with their the academic life detract from the seriousness knowledge is to make any claim to authentic- respective presiding genii Steinberg and Pet- and cultural significance of the topics covered ity” (2). Considering this paradox via Hans- tegree in the first category and Bowers, Greg in these two books, but they do show that Georg Gadamer’s Truth and Method, Dentith and McKerrow in the second). And Dane is bibliographers do inhabit the same universe as stresses the need for a balance between a not shy of multiple uses of the same titular other critics, scholars and readers. And in two reading that is dominated by hindsight, and phrase in various context: “Making of Lists” collections covering such significant textual one that strives to recreate the perspective of in Blind Impressions occurs not only as a chapter issues as the 1800 date in book history, the the text’s contemporaries. What is essential heading but also as the title of an entire (dif- concept of typographical “value,” variable here is an awareness of the multifarious ferent) subdivision in the same book. This definitions of “evidence” and the “banality developments that have occurred between does not necessarily display sloppy taxonomy, of counting” in libraries, printing manuals past and present. Thus “the means by which but is itself an illustration of the fraught na- and STCs (Blind Impressions), as well as linear we are enabled to understand the texts of ture of list-making, as is the critical analysis perspective and iconography (gothic or clas- the past are created by the myriad historical of the dubious undertakings of “the Makers sical) in Percy’s Reliques (Out of Sorts), there connections which link us to that past” (10), of Lists,” in which the present writer is the is surely going to be enough solid matter to such that “to achieve connection with the object of some trenchant demurrals. One of please the most fastidious of readers (or re- past is not to abandon one’s location in the these demurrals in this section contains the viewers). Neither book has a particularly well present, but to inhabit it more fully” (11). As judgement that “Gabbard’s Ulysses” is unlikely defined narrative (or a beginning, middle, and a result, these past texts can have an unex- “to be useful to anyone who does not have a end), nor should it need to. These are collec- pected impact “as they carry their historical clear idea of the textual-critical controversies tions, and their historical evidence and critical otherness into the contradiction-filled melee at its base” (135). But the comment would conclusions could, without much damage to of our contemporary moment” (15). In par- have been even more helpful if “Gabbard” the structure, be resorted and rearranged. It is ticular, they can reinforce our sense, not only had been correctly identified as Hans Walter true that Dane’s demurrals about the concept of what eventuated, but also of what Robert Gabler, whose “synoptic” and “critical” edi- of “print culture” remain a consistent thread Frost (cited by Dentith) famously called “The tion of Ulysses was indeed the occasion of throughout both books (as they were in the Road Not Taken.” much ideological, personal, and vituperative predecessor The Myth of Print Culture), but the In The Mill on the Floss, then, this kind of mud-slinging in the mid- to late 1980s. Such historical range, critical acuity and cumulative reading highlights the force of the proto- slips, “Gabbard” for “Gabler,” are in part evidence from various sources, genres and feminist strand of the novel, since this fore- what make bibliography (and the critiques of media make the books a rich resource on any shadows modern liberal feminism – but it bibliography) so much fun. And the essays bibliographer’s shelves. also points up the novel’s “willingness to put collected in Dane’s two books under review David Greetham into play competing viewpoints and ideolo- only add to the fun. CUNY Graduate Center, New York gies” (50), including its ambivalent treatment The range of sometimes seemingly spe- of the social class from which the novelist cialized and highly technical topics (catchti- herself emerged. Meanwhile David Copperfield, tles, the composing stick, illustration in digital c which clearly thematises hindsight, emerges media in Blind Impressions; Zeller and DK type as more knowing than is often assumed about and typographic firsts in early Chaucer folios what must be suppressed in the protagonist’s in Out of Sorts) does not mean that either of Simon Dentith. Nineteenth-Century British development into a model heterosexual self- the two books is a “dryasdust” compilation Literature Then and Now: Reading with Hindsight. made man. of impenetrable bibliographical concepts Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, The force of our present historical mo- and their accompanying jargon. Quite the 2014. x, 182p. ISBN 9781472418852. £60 ment is more salient in Dentith’s later chap- contrary, for Dane not only enlivens his text (hardback). ters. He explores Trollope’s treatment of with the refreshing polemical cast with which political reform in his Phineas Finn novels bibliographers from Housman to Greg and Professor Simon Dentith will be known against the backdrop of the real events with Tanselle have become deservedly well known, to many readers as a leading scholar of which they engage. But awareness of modern but also spices his discussion with arresting nineteenth-century literature, from his early British politics brings into sharper relief how contemporary references. Who knew that monograph George Eliot (1986) through his Trollope represents both the persistence of gothic and roman type could be approached Epic and Empire in Nineteenth-Century Britain elites and the power of the popular press. via “voodoo economics” (Out of Sorts, chap- (2006). His fine new study, Nineteenth-Century The works by Ruskin (primarily Unto this ter 3) after Bush the Elder? And how many British Literature Then and Now, draws on his Last) and Morris (News from Nowhere) are set historians, of whatever stripe, would willingly expertise on canonical British writers from against a world now dominated by global recall receiving an invitation (unaccepted) to the period, covering Eliot, Dickens, Trollope, neoliberal economics and threatened by eco- contribute an essay to a collection on a topic Ruskin, and Morris. It is also, sadly, likely to logical catastrophe. Ruskin’s championing of “about which I know absolutely nothing” be Dentith’s last monograph, since he died use-value over exchange-value, and his hope (Blind Impressions, 203, n2), also admitting to late in 2014. for a landscape not totally industrial, clearly ... / 16 16 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 15 speak to the present, while Morris’s utopian ing fiction periodical of the day (which even Elaine Fantham. Roman Literary Culture: From novel demonstrates the pros and cons of “the during the wartime paper shortage sold half Plautus to Macrobius. 2nd edition. Baltimore: road not taken.” a million copies a month), and also the fiction The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. Finally, Dentith turns to neo-Victorian included in the more elite English Review; in xxii, 346p. ISBN 9781421408361. US $15.50 novels, a genre where hindsight is always addition she considers stories that have ap- (paperback). implicitly or explicitly at issue. Suggesting peared in collections and anthologies between that its explicitness can become reductive in 1918 and the present day. How could there be “Roman literary cul- Fowles’s The French Lieutenant’s Woman and While traditional literary analysis concen- ture” when, on the one hand, most Romans Farrell’s The Siege of Krishnapur, he welcomes trates on what the literary work tells us about were illiterate, and, on the other hand, Ro- the more nuanced techniques of Carey (True the writer, Einhaus’s emphasis is far more on man authors were bilingual (speaking both History of the Kelly Gang), Faber (The Crimson the reader. She is interested in how stories Greek and Latin) and bicultural, with Greek Petal and the White), Byatt (The Children’s Book) fulfilled needs and delivered pleasures, and culture by far the more prestigious? In the and Harris (The Observations). how they offered “interpretative patterns introduction to her book, Elaine Fantham SHARP members should find this book of to which readers could compare their own sets out a whole range of preliminary topics great interest, demonstrating as it does both experiences” (23). Spy stories engaged with necessary to understand the development erudition about a range of nineteenth-century the readers’ fears; stories of the supernatural of Roman literary culture. She identifies the writers, and a sense of how Victorian culture hinted at consolation; romances offered hope. Roman author as male, both composer and has inflected the work of recent novelists. Magazine stories were often written quickly performer of his work, from the senatorial and published almost immediately. Topicality class (the ruling class) or equestrian class Joanne Wilkes helped them to address the concerns of their (wealthy businessmen), and with an education University of Auckland, New Zealand immediate readers, but they connect less well in both Latin and Greek. with the preoccupations of later generations. The first chapter, “Starting from Scratch,” Crucially, most wartime stories did not, Ein- is new in the second edition and begins in haus notes, “possess the same pacifist, ideo- the fourth century BCE with drama, the c logical potential as those poems of the war first literary genre at Rome. It then moves that were repeatedly anthologised” (17). on to the first Latin history, Cato’s Origines, Ann-Marie Einhaus. The Short Story and the First The “war-books boom” of the late twen- then on to Lucilius’ satires, and ends in the World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University ties produced some stories that highlighted first century BCE, with the lyric and elegiac Press, 2013. viii, 224p. ISBN 9781107038431. trench experience and the soldiers’ sufferings, poetry of Catullus and the didactic poetry in £55 / US $90 (hardback). but later stories about the First World War hexameter of Lucretius. Chapter 2 describes have by no means displayed a uniform attitude how Cicero, Varro, and Caesar created the The centenary of the Great War has to it. Einhaus pays due attention to frequently literary culture of the last age before Caesar’s drawn the educated nation’s attention to its reprinted pieces like Richard Aldington’s an- assassination, and includes the provocatively literature – or at least to some of it: to the guished expressions of post-war alienation, titled section “Roman education, for better or highly-regarded poems, novels, and memoirs but she also points us towards lesser known worse.” Fantham does a great job throughout that speak out against the war’s perceived stories of equal or greater interest, such as of signposting her topics. futility and highlight the suffering of victims. Arthur Calder-Marshall’s remarkable “Before Two chapters follow on the time of Ann-Marie Einhaus is less interested in this the War” of 1942, which shows a young Ter- Augustus, Rome’s first emperor. Chapter 3 well-known canon than in work that has ritorial soldier of 1939 taking his girlfriend discusses two survivors of the end of the been “forgotten in the popular remembrance to the hospital where his father, appallingly Republic, the elegist Cornelius Gallus and culture that privileges themes of sacrifice, wounded in the previous war, has lived since the epic poet Vergil. Fantham recalls scholars’ mourning and protest” (17). In particular, 1918. The father’s ruined face is a shock, disappointment upon publication of the Qasr she considers short stories that are rarely especially to the girl, and, as Einhaus writes, Ibrim papyrus of Gallus in 1979, which added studied in academic courses on war literature, “the fear of being similarly mutilated perme- nine lines to his one attested line, but did not although the short story was the most popu- ates the story” (148). Yet rather than drive match his reputation as recorded in Vergil lar literary form of the period, published in the young couple to pacifism, the experience and other contemporary poets (81–4). The the dozens of fiction magazines that found makes them more aware of the preciousness chapter ends with a discussion of “The First eager readers. She quotes the successful story- of life, and they decide to marry as soon as Real Histories” (111–17) and the monumental writer Stacy Aumonier’s claim that “the art of possible. achievement of Livy. Ovid’s exile is the central writing short stories is probably the only art This book teases out the ways that over the matter of chapter 4. in which the demand is far greater than the past century writers and readers have discov- Chapter 5 records literary activity under supply” (33). ered a fascinating variety of meanings in the the next three emperors and highlights the These magazine stories are generally plot- Great War, according to the needs and preoc- moral treatises and letters of Seneca. Fantham driven rather than character-led and are very cupations of their own times. It is a valuable departs from strict chronological order in unlike the modernist stories whose formal addition to the war’s critical literature. chapter 6, pairing Nero (54–64 CE), the final innovations have attracted analysis from Julio-Claudian emperor, and Domitian (81–96 academic critics. Einhaus examines the stories George Simmers CE), the last Flavian, as two emperors who published in the Strand Magazine, the best-sell- Independent researcher cared about poetry, and profiles Lucan, Pet- ... / 17 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 17

... / 16 ronius, and Statius. At the centre of chapter news discourses. Goc’s book is also a study illustrates the commodification of infanticide 7 are the letters and speeches of Pliny the of patriarchy. Employing Foucault’s notion and the role of the media in establishing Younger, present at Vesuvius’ eruption. of the “society of blood,” she reveals how national discourses. Decline in literary culture is the topic of the law and medicine, intertwined with news Nicola Goc has made an important con- chapter 8, which includes the authors of the discourses, maintained patriarchal power. tribution to our knowledge of infanticide and Greek rhetorical renaissance, the “Second Women’s voices were rare in press reports its imbrication with patriarchal discourses, Sophistic,” who, Fantham says, dominate the and witness statements in cases of infanti- and to our understanding of the part played cultural history of the Antonine period (219). cide. Women were excluded from juries and by the media in influencing attitudes and The chapter on decline ends on a high note indeed from courtrooms; the lurid details of values and in creating meaning. with the orator and novelist Apuleius, “the infanticide cases and implied sexual deviance Robert Hogg single creative talent of this age” (236–46). were considered too awful for “respectable” University of Queensland, Australia Chapter 9, on the impact of Christianity on women to know. classical literary culture, ends with a discus- Nevertheless, through a meticulous and sion of the dialogue Saturnalia by Macrobius discriminating reading of news texts, Goc c (fifth century CE), in which every speaker demonstrates how the newspapers that often quotes Vergil (282–7). condemned infanticidal women at the same Fantham offers a succinct but generous time unintentionally provided them with a Remo L. Guidi. Frati e Umanisti nel Quattro- guide to recent scholarship in Latin literature. public presence that politicised their actions cento. Alessandria, Italy: Edizioni dell’Orso, I heartily recommend her book to scholars and transformed them from tame, powerless 2013. viii, 628p. ISBN 9788862744614. €50 of Latin literature, to instructors seeking beings into political subjects. Goc also dem- (paperback). a for History of Latin Literature onstrates the Janus-like nature of the press: courses and to graduate students studying on the one hand treating infanticidal women Specialists in fifteenth-century book for exams. as a news commodity, while simultaneously history will welcome Remo Guidi’s third Some readers may recognize Fantham’s campaigning for the repeal of laws that left volume on moral thought in the Renaissance, name but wonder why: she was the long- women in poverty with no option but to mur- for it is based – like its predecessors – on an time Classics commentator (c. 1980–1995) der their “illegitmate” children. An analysis impressive range of manuscript and early on National Public Radio’s Weekend Edition of The Times’s reporting of infanticide and its printed books from dozens of libraries and Saturday. campaign, over several decades under two edi- archives. Bravura citations are not all that T. Keith Dix tors, to repeal the so-called Bastardy Clause of recommend Frati e Umanisti, however. Guidi’s University of Georgia, Athens the Poor Law is a central and revelatory part labours also drive home a simple truth: that of Goc’s study, as is her analysis of the role without understanding the professional c of the coroner for central Middlesex, Dr Ed- interests of both friars and humanists, win Lankester. Lankester’s pronouncements and without mapping the moral grounds from the bench, and his use of the nascent on which they quarrelled and cooperated, Nicola Goc. Women, Infanticide and the Press, science of statistics, dominated the discourse the book historian cannot adequately 1822–1922: News Narratives in England on infanticide. investigate one particularly intense period and Australia. Farnham, UK and Burling- Part II of Goc’s study moves to colonial of Renaissance intellectual production. To ton, VT: Ashgate, 2013. viii, 208p. ISBN Tasmania, where infanticide was somewhat a remarkable extent, the “spiritual masters” 9781409406044. £60 (hardback). less newsworthy than in Britain. There were and the humanists wrote, copied, and printed nonetheless particular cases on which the because of one another. “INHUMAN ATROCITY” was the Tasmanian (Van Diemen’s Land for a large Guidi’s fourteen chapters – thirteen shocking headline of a report published in part of the nineteenth century) colonial press previously published (1990–2011) – do The Times in 1822, concerning the alleged reported, and Goc finds that these reports not build on one another to present a infanticide of a newborn baby. The report of infanticide were less enmeshed in broader novel interpretation of fifteenth-century did not name the woman involved, identifying political discourses, though not entirely free intellectual history. Rather, they examine her only as “a young woman from Sunny- of implications for the nature and structure familiar moral-institutional dilemmas of the brae.” Nicola Goc argues that this particular of colonial society. In this section Goc moves Quattrocento from different facets. Despite story typifies the reporting of infanticide in into the twentieth century with an examination some repetition, Guidi thus manages to write the English press in the nineteenth century: of two cases of child murder in Tasmania, intellectual history as a series of Geertzian unmarried mothers murdered their babies and the framing of these events in national “thick descriptions.” In this regard, the six out of shame; working-class women were discourses of the bush and of madness. central chapters detailing the polemical sexually profligate; and “illegitimacy” and Goc’s final case study concerns Edith environments of major figures are the infanticide constituted a grave threat to the Robert and the Leicester Mercury. By the 1920s strongest. They address in turn the émigré social order. infanticide was no longer perceived to be a convert Cardinal Bessarion, protector of Through a series of case studies from threat to society. Nevertheless, society still the Franciscan order; Milanese humanist and nineteenth-century England and colonial Tas- named and shamed the women involved Franciscan theologian Antonio da Rho; the mania, Goc examines how newspaper readers while fathers escaped public opprobrium. The anti-Jewish preacher, anti-heretical inquisitor, understood the act of infanticide through reporting of Edith Robert’s case once again and Franciscan saint, John Capistran; the ... / 18 18 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 17 anticlerical layman Poggio Bracciolini, who participate in court culture. While all of the tionships among members of court. In the took pride in his son’s decision to become a manuscripts studied are devotional works Breviary of Isabelle of Castile, Francisco de Rojas mendicant; the Observant Franciscan Blessed (books of hours and psalters), Hand ex- strategically placed his family arms to remind Alberto da Sarteano, controversialist; and the plains how specific elements added to these Isabelle of his role in brokering her children’s notoriously anticlerical Lorenzo Valla, who books bridge the divide between the sacred marriages. Also fascinating is Hand’s analysis died a priest and Curialist. Bookending these and the profane. She convincingly argues of portraits strategically placed within narra- focused discussions are more diffuse chapters that the manuscripts noblewomen owned tives to suggest a particular political stance, that take up mendicant-humanist positions and commissioned reflect the “multifaceted as in a book of hours that Louise de Savoy on, for example, authority and reform, or composition” (7) of their religious, secular, commissioned for a dignitary of Charles convent and civic values, and outlier chapters and familial roles. V when negotiating the release of her son, that treat Ferrarese Jews and hagiography. This global approach to reconstructing Francis I, from captivity. The mendicants of Frati e Umanisti are noblewomen’s identity distinguishes Hand’s Lastly, Hand explores the generational chiefly Franciscans. Within that group Guidi monograph from related studies investigat- transference of identity through devotional attends to the rigorists of the Observance ing patronage (she refers to Kathleen Ashley manuscripts. Noblewomen were responsible – some of whom represented the degree zero and Claire Sponsler, among others). Rather for the early education of their children, of opposition to humanist provocations. But than analyzing the primary text or specific which allowed them to protect and preserve Guidi also reminds us that some of these visual elements at length, Hand casts her religious and social traditions. St Anne was a Observant Franciscans were highly educated net widely, evaluating the sum of multiple ubiquitous model for matriarchal instruction, and had spent time in humanist classrooms; secondary additions, artistic touches that held particularly at the French court under Anne some were accomplished theologians in the a special meaning to the manuscript’s owner. de France and Anne de Bretagne. The seem- scholastic mode; some were inquisitors. Not The introduction offers both an overview ingly passive role of teacher to her children all humanists were laymen, moreover. If of women’s devotional manuscripts – their actually reinforced a noblewoman’s power. humanist allegiance to classicising education use and acquisition – and a survey of recent She was responsible for shaping the future and “intellectual autonomy” grated on scholarship on late medieval female book king, just as St Anne shaped Mary, the Queen mendicant sensibilities, Observants too owners. of Heaven, who in turn shaped Christ in his might value classical texts, and in any event The first chapter’s panorama of northern youth. “intellectual autonomy” is so ambiguous a European courts (France, Burgundy, and In an otherwise admirable book, Hand’s category in a period of patronage-seeking that the Netherlands) situates the noblewomen thematic structure fragments the study, Guidi wisely hedges it with many caveats. studied within their historical context and dismantling the manuscripts and obscuring Frati e Umanisti glitters with bibliographic traces the development and transference of our view of the works as a whole. I found gems, choice quotations and filigreed their book collections through patronage, myself constantly flipping back to previous expositions. Such authoritative work, so gifts, and inheritance. The second chapter chapters in search of other tidbits about the generously offered, is not to be missed. The explores the choices women made in commis- manuscript being discussed. Despite this book concludes with four indices: of archives, sioning devotional books. Hand points out, quibble, Hand’s argument is compelling. She of incunables, of manuscripts, and of proper for example, parallel aesthetic and political offers to art historians, book historians, and names. Cécile Caby’s many fine studies of preferences in the Sforza Hours, which Mar- literary scholars both a useful synthesis of mendicant-humanist relations are oddly garet of Austria inherited as an unfinished existing scholarship and an insightful new absent from Guidi’s extensive secondary manuscript after the death of her husband, perspective on how noblewomen actively bibliography. Philibert II, Duke of Savoy. Margaret, who participated in the literary and cultural life Alison Frazier served as Regent to her nephew Charles V, of their courts. University of Texas at Austin commissioned a master painter from Ghent Kelly Peebles to finish the manuscript, though it was begun Clemson University, South Carolina in the Italian style. Other modifications to the c standard structure of devotional manuscripts c reconstruct personal and social aspects of Joni M. Hand. Women, Manuscripts and Identity the owner’s identity, such as the choice of in Northern Europe, 1350–1550. Farnham, UK language and prayers: familiar prayers trans- Christine Haug and Vincent Kaufmann, eds. and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2013. xiv, 252p., lated into an unfamiliar vernacular helped a Kodex – Jahrbuch der Internationalen Buchwis- ill. ISBN 9781409450238. £65 / US $109.95 new bride learn her husband’s language, while senschaftlichen Gesellschaft: Buchzerstörung und (hardback). suffrages of saints with ties to her region of- Buchvernichtung. Vol. 3. Wiesbaden: Har- fered the comfort of home. rassowitz Verlag, 2013. viii, 216p., ill. ISBN Joni M. Hand considers how noblewomen Hand is at her best from the third chapter 9783447100250. €39.80 (paperback). from the mid-fourteenth through the mid- on, as she calls on her training in art history to sixteenth centuries constructed and preserved consider portraiture, heraldry, and marginalia. This number of the periodical is devoted their identity by personalizing devotional She explains that coats of arms may not only to the theme of the deliberate neglect and manuscripts. In a time when their agency date and connect a manuscript to a region destruction of manuscripts and books at was decidedly difficult to assert, acquiring (women used their father’s coat of arms from different times and places. As it is impossible and customizing books allowed women to birth until marriage), but also elucidate rela- to do justice in the limited space of a review ... / 19 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 19

... / 18 to all twelve contributions, which run from Christine Haug and Rolf Thiele, eds. Buch from 1589 that details attacks and executions fifteen to twenty-five pages in length, I can – Bibliothek – Region: Wolfgang Schmitz zum 65. on the lower Rhine and in Westphalia. only highlight those which have particularly Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, Schmitz’s publications from 1976 to 2012 caught my eye. 2014. viii, 548p., ill. ISBN 9783447101950. are listed on pp. 519–42. This list, highly Thomas Fuchs, a trained theologian now €98 (hardback). impressive in its own right, is all the more working as a librarian, discusses the losses remarkable when one considers that the work suffered in early modern Europe by the wish The title of this volume, like the arrange- involved was carried out during Schmitz’s (circa 1500) to reform the holdings of monas- ment of the contributions, reflects the range career as a senior librarian. tic libraries; similar devastating practices, he of Wolfgang Schmitz’s interests and publica- W. A. Kelly observes, were at work during the Reforma- tions. The very nature of the volume makes Edinburgh Napier University tion and the Thirty Years’ War. The desire to it impossible to cover all the individual texts improve the functionality of libraries since – 32 in number. I shall therefore confine the eighteenth century has proved a further myself to noting those which particularly c blow to books. interested me. Ulrike Gärtner tells us that destruction First among those under the rubric is an essential part of creating memory. “Book,” Werner Arnold covers the activities Judith Johnston. Victorian Women and the Throughout history destruction has been of Jean Beeck in Paris as one of the agents Economies of Travel, Translation and Culture, used by regimes to serve a variety of religious, acting for Duke Augustus junior of Braunsch- 1830–1870. Farnham, UK and Burling- ideological, and political orthodoxies. In the weig-Wolfenbüttel in the sending of political ton, VT: Ashgate, 2013. viii, 208p. ISBN modern age, however, the intrinsic features of and other information and in the acquisition 9781409448235. £60 (hardback). the technical (r)evolutions ushered in by new of books for his library – an institution I have media have become more important than the visited several times. Thomas Bremer makes The transnational turn in Book History content of the memories to be saved. use of archival and printed sources from the in recent years has led to increasing research Fernando Báez discusses the Nazi book- publisher Gebauer to illustrate the history of interest in intercultural transfer, in which caust as the destruction of books perpetrated the book trade in Cologne from 1771 to 1810; translation is obviously a key element. As to destroy a memory thought to be a threat to Oliver Duntze and Falk Eisermann revisit the such, Judith Johnston’s timely study of another. In this regard he quotes Ray Brad- problematic dating of imprints from the work- the significant nexus connecting travel and bury’s aphorism, “You don’t have to burn shop of the Basle printer, Lienhart Ysenhut; translation – described neatly on the jacket as books to destroy a culture. Just get people Ernst Fischer takes another look at the defini- “two richly resonant modes of getting from to stop reading them.” To his assertion that tion of bibliophily given in G.A.E. Bogeng’s here to there” – with gender is likely to open the years from 1933 to 1945 saw the loss of Einführung in die Bibliophilie, first published in new perspectives for book historians with an 70% of Jewish books, one can add sadly that 1931; and Christine Haug considers the light interest in the nineteenth century. attempts were made earlier not only by mis- which the production of novels for lending li- Underpinning the book is a metaphor guided Christian apologists but also by con- braries throws on the development of popular reading translation as a form of travel. John- verted Jews. In another essay, Oxane Leingang culture in post-World War II Germany. ston teases out the implications of this rich illustrates the way in which the destruction of Among those contributions under the metaphor, exploring the impact of (male- or unpalatable books in Nazi Germany and in rubric “Library,” Sven Kuttner highlights a female-authored) travel writing in (female- the Chinese Cultural Revolution is portrayed little known collection of some 2,600 volumes authored) translation and reviews as both in literature for children and youths. once owned by the German physician Richard a commodity within a thriving marketplace Andrea Gnam uses the place of books Koch (1882–1949), now in the library of the and a spur to knowledge transfer between in contemporary art as material for instal- State University of Medicine and Pharmacy in cultures. She locates the works she studies lations, a process which is at variance with Chişinău, Moldavia; Paul Needham discusses within the economy of Victorian culture as their original purpose of being read. She in detail the question of the formats of in- she demonstrates how they echo and shape poses the question of what this tells us of our cunable broadsides, in which he examines the social attitudes and responses to issues such relation to accumulated stores of knowledge. treatment accorded them (or not) in a variety as the opium wars and slavery in America. Further into the collection, Patricia Engel of printed catalogues; and Peter Vodosek The book opens with an engagingly draws on her expertise as a paper conserva- examines the heavy-handed politicizing of written introduction that sites the study tor to demonstrate that the danger to older public libraries in the German Democratic chronologically in the age of steam power, printed books of a lack of knowledge of the Republic that forced a number of practicing noting how new technology allowed women, materials used in the printing and binding librarians to move to the Federal Republic, and books, and knowledge alike to travel further processes is as great as a neglect of theories the steps they had to undergo for revalidation and faster than ever before. This is followed of conservation. of their professional qualifications. by a lengthy first chapter that provides the This is a fascinating and thought-provok- Among those grouped under the last theoretical backbone for the subsequent case ing group of essays which deserves a wider rubric, “Regional history,” Detlev Hellfaier studies. Johnston’s approach is avowedly readership than those able to read them in examines a mixed volume of manuscript interdisciplinary, drawing on scholars such German. and printed materials recently acquired at as Sherry Simon, Michael Cronin, and John W. A. Kelly auction by the Lippische Landesbibliothek in Urry. She paints a convincing picture of the Edinburgh Napier University Detmold. This includes a copy of an imprint ways in which new technology made the ... / 20 20 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 19 world a much smaller place, thereby pro- first glance seem like a straightforward case of Sarah Kay. Parrots and Nightingales: Troubadour ducing “unexpected neighbourhoods” (21) cultural appropriation. The penultimate chap- Quotations and the Development of European Poetry. which women were to explore for their own ter, set in the “high-water mark of Victorian Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, purposes. In this context, however, I would colonialism and imperial ambitions” (134), 2013. viii, 464p., ill. ISBN 9780812245257. query Johnston’s chronology to some extent, explores Jane Sinnett’s translations, mainly £52 / US $79.95 (hardback). as the upswing in popularity of travel writing of German travel narratives – particularly as a genre – and women’s engagement with it Ida Pfeiffer’s Eine Frauenfahrt um die Welt (A In this erudite, closely documented book – began several decades earlier than the 1830s: Lady’s Voyage round the World, 1850). Johnston Sarah Kay traces the ways in which quotations while women may have become “increasingly focuses in particular on how such translations of troubadour poetry circulated around the participant in what might be considered a offered the reading public a foreign view of Western Mediterranean basin from the late forefront publishing industry” (20) from this the British imperial venture, allowing for a twelfth century to the 1350s. The regions period on, there were certainly significant pre- degree of frank criticism of British colonial involved were those in which the Occitan cursors to the trend from the late eighteenth policy in India and China that chimed with language of the troubadours was either spo- century, which suggests that ascribing it solely Sinnett’s own views as expressed in her essay ken as the native tongue or easily understood to technological change would be something “Colonization and Emigration” (149). The as a sister language. They formed a broad of an over-simplification. On a related note, it final chapter turns to Mary Howitt’s transla- geo-cultural arc, stretching from today’s is unclear why the end-date of the title is set in tions of Swedish author Fredrika Bremer’s southern France into both Catalonia and 1870, as the case studies focus exclusively on writings on America in the early 1850s, Italy. Throughout that expanse, the trouba- texts published (as originals or translations) exploring how Bremer saw translation into dours’ mother tongue grew into an admired, by the mid-1850s. English as an international platform for her prestigious language, a vernacular whose The first of the book’s six case studies is anti-slavery views that again echoed those of literary standing might almost rival Latin. As devoted to Sarah Austin’s work on Hermann Howitt herself: parallels between the subordi- troubadour songs travelled, excerpts were von Pückler-Muskau’s Briefe eines Verstorbenen, nate position of women, slaves, and transla- plucked from them and relocated in various translated in the early 1830s as Tour in England, tors created a politically charged context for kinds of texts and manuscripts – treatises Ireland and France in the years 1828 and 1829. the publication. of grammar and poetics, narrative tales, bi- Johnston focuses on how Austin foregrounds Johnston’s book is a thought-provoking ographies, literary commentaries and guides, the prince’s political discourse in line with addition to a growing body of scholarship encyclopaedic compilation, and the works her own Whig leanings, using the work to that seeks to recover the lost history of fe- of other poets. Kay gathers in her nets more participate in key contemporary political male authorial practice. However, for a work than a thousand troubadour passages that debate while maintaining a veneer of seemly that sets out to locate its arguments within were quoted and anthologized over a span female decorum. The second case study Translation Studies, it suffers from a distinct of 150 years. That entire crowd she tabulates moves on to the lesser-known figure of Mary lack of engagement with the translations exhaustively and cross-references within 17 Margaret Busk, a relatively prolific reviewer themselves, limiting the effectiveness of its meticulous appendices. of continental literature for leading journals conclusions. Johnston’s arguments are based Kay investigates how quotation practices in the 1840s, whose periodical contributions solely on paratextual elements such as trans- instilled new forms of subjectivity in the offered her a means of engaging in contem- lators’ prefaces; similarly, the bibliography Occitan cultural sphere and sometimes even porary intellectual debate while allowing her indicates that she has drawn exclusively on north of it. The art of troubadour quotation, to affirm England’s cultural superiority over English-language scholarship. This is not to she contends, served to drive forward cultural its European rivals. The third case study say that her arguments are invalid; however, as change. Treatises on troubadour grammar and focuses on how Anna Jameson refracts her recent work by scholars such as Rachele Raus, poetics have their origin in Catalonia, where experience as an expatriate in Germany into Carol Tully, and Inmaculada Tamarit Vallés Raimon Vidal de Besalú’s Razos de trobar her travel writing in Winter Studies and Sum- has shown, a much fuller and more nuanced paved the way for a series of later treatises, mer Rambles in Canada (1838), exploring how picture of translators’ cultural and political mostly composed in the same land as well as Germany and Jameson’s friends there acted agency can be gained from a detailed study of Italy. Two other types of prose texts stored as substitute home and family, problematiz- how they intervened in the texts themselves: up troubadour quotations: the largely fictive ing issues of nationhood by suggesting that what they put in and what they left out. Fur- “lives” of the troubadours (vidas) and the emotional bonds rooted within cross-border thermore, it seems to me that there is a certain expository commentaries on individual songs (female) friendships are equally as potent as irony in using English as the sole medium in (razos). These twin textual traditions were set a sense of national belonging. studying how translations were used to chal- in motion by Uc de Saint-Circ, a troubadour The next chapter takes a step back from lenge the British imperialist agenda. Be that from Quercy who migrated to Italian courts travel writing per se to study how Lady Char- as it may, Johnston’s work is a stimulating around Treviso. Vidas and razos are preserved lotte Guest’s translation of the Mabinogion read likely to prove of considerable interest in troubadour anthologies (chansonniers), some (1838–49) brought the issue of colonialism to book historians keen to explore the many of which also comprise a special florilegium close to home by introducing the ancient ways in which women contributed to the section stocked with excerpted stanzas. Welsh legends to an English-speaking read- rapidly expanding knowledge industry in the As its title suggests, the book draws a ership. Johnston refracts the question of nineteenth century. primary distinction between two avenues colonialism through Guest’s gender and class Susan Pickford of reception: the “nightingales’ way” and to produce a nuanced reading of what may at Paris-Sorbonne University the “parrots’ way.” The “nightingales’ way” ... / 21 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 21

... / 20 adapts what it borrows with the intent to William A. Kelly and Jürgen Beyer, eds. sions of the outbreak of sweating sickness in “re-create” while the “parrots’ way” repeats The German Book in Wolfenbüttel and Abroad: England in 1485, and later on the Continent verbatim what it excerpts, or claims at least Studies presented to Ulrich Kopp in his retirement. in 1529. Continental printers reacted with to do so. The nightingales thus display a Tartu, Estonia: University of Tartu Press, the publication of more than one hundred free-flowing, unconstrained “mastery of 2014. 348p., ill. ISBN 9789949324941. €29 medical works; English printers produced song” while the parrots are often meticulous (paperback). only three. Flood thus provides evidence in their work: one of their aims is to teach of a much more active German and Dutch correct grammar; another is to mine trouba- This book, presented on the retirement book market – an observation previously dour poetry for apt maxims and useful moral of Ulrich Kopp, former head librarian at made only in relation to religious and politi- saws. Hence poetry is valued as a “mode the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, cal works. of knowledge” rather than as an outcry of studies aspects of German book printing William A. Kelly usefully focuses on desire. The parrots at this point veer away from the incunabula age to the seventeenth the survival of German books outside from verbatim replication and seek to open century. An underlying current in a number of Germany in a study on sixteenth-century new paths of thought for their tutees. The articles is the examination of German prints German imprints in Edinburgh libraries. He nightingales’ way can also spark subjective that are not represented in either VD 16 or investigates the holdings of four Edinburgh change. For instance, when characters in a VD 17, the main national bibliographies of libraries to compile a list of more than 130 French romance sing passages lifted from books printed in German-speaking countries books, some of which are unknown to VD troubadour songs “they behave as if they in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 16 and VD 17. were in a karaoke bar, delivering spirited if not respectively, created under the guidance of Hans-Jörg Künast studies printed calen- always convincing performances of recent librarians and scholars. The thirteen articles dars from the collection of Friedrich Endor- hits” (15). That performance, though wobbly, fall into two categories, studying both book fer the elder in the Augsburg State Archive. turns them into doubles of the lyrical subjects printing and book survival outside Germany, Such ephemeral prints tend to survive much they ape. The quoted lyrics emanate from two and printing within Germany in the early better in archives than in libraries, and since implicit voices, and listeners or readers have modern period. There is not space here for VD 16 and VD 17 take account only of li- to come to terms with that doubleness. Kay discussion of all thirteen; the following five brary collections, the bibliographic coverage observes the spectrum of possible audience were of particular note. of these items for all early modern printers responses through the lens of Jacques Lacan’s Jürgen Beyer’s contribution studies the is rather patchy. For many printers, though, psychoanalytic theory. (She draws in particular printing of Bibles in the two strands of the such short works represented an important on his concept of “the subject supposed to Estonian language: Revalestnisch and Dörpt- proportion of their business. Künast traces know” or “le sujet supposé savoir.”) estnisch. These Bibles fall outside the defini- twenty-nine printed calendars and uncov- Kay also examines the scholastic-like tion of any so-called Germanic language area ers the strategy of equipping each calendar tactics of writers who conscript troubadour (deutscher Sprachbereich) and would not therefore printed in Augsburg with a prognosticon or quotations toward didactic ends: Matfre Er- have been included in either of the national other instructional work (thus pointing to yet mengau and Guilhem Molinier “re-mark” as bibliographies. Yet, as Beyer demonstrates, more items awaiting cataloguing). wise precepts the troubadour lines that they these were multilingual books, equipped with The German Book in Wolfenbüttel and Abroad quote. Dante, for his part, “ex-appropriates” German text and clearly aimed at a German- will be of particular interest to SHARP mem- the troubadours: he salutes them as worthy speaking audience. The bibliographic case bers for aspects of German book printing predecessors yet “elbows” them into the of these Bibles printed at the end of the and survival outside the Germanic lands, shadows of the past. He is simultaneously seventeenth century is further made difficult and the contributors produce substantial able “to recognize their preeminence and to by the fact that librarians often struggled to information and evidence for future biblio- eject them from it” (161). Petrarch pushes catalogue them, frequently creating misleading graphical work. Other contributors to the the process even farther: in his Canzoniere he or inaccurate catalogue descriptions. Beyer’s volume, whose work is of no less interest quotes only one line of troubadour verse, a case study reveals how much scholarly atten- or scholarly value, include Werner Arnold, song incipit that he then implicitly brushes tion remains to be paid to German peripheral Helmut Claus, Robert Kolb, Gisela Möncke, aside as a trifling residue from his benighted printing. Cornelia Niekus Moore, David Paisey, Chris- youth (Poem 70). Gundula and Christoph Boveland study toph Reske, and Anne Simon. Kay concludes that the very techniques the use of a printer’s flower in the shape of a Jan Hillgärtner of copying pioneered by the early makers bear, traceable in various prints in the first half University of St Andrews, Fife of troubadour songbooks become tools of of the seventeenth century in four different erasure in the hands of fourteenth-century printing houses. The authors successfully as- authors. What used to preserve and transmit cribe a number of previously unknown prints poetry conspires after the thirteenth century to one of these four print shops, thereby to distance past lyrics from the present. It strengthening the notion of international ex- even lulls literary history into forgetting (until change in the early modern book world. This now) the troubadours’ quotation practices. contribution is printed in German. The international exchange of medical Michel-André Bossy knowledge is the topic of John L. Flood’s Brown University, Providence contribution, in which he studies repercus- 22 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

Erik Kwakkel, Rosamond McKitterick, and ce: Books, Scriptoria and Libraries.” Arguing with book production, textual transmission, Rodney Thomson, eds. Turning Over a New that Germany, defined as “the Empire north and the expansion of interests both in the le- Leaf: Change and Development in the Medieval of the Alps” (127), was then at the forefront gacy of Ancient Rome and the translation and Book. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Book of all Western Europe in book production, dissemination of Greek and Arabic materials, Culture. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2012. he sees church reform “along monastic or must surely serve as an essential guide to the 224p., ill. ISBN 9789087281557. €34.95 / US quasi-monastic lines” (128) as the central relevant scholarship. Pointing to analysis of $45 (paperback). impetus for the huge expansion in the making script as central to Ker’s concerns, Webber, of books. Noting the piecemeal nature of the in her detailed discussion of developments Erik Kwakkel, ed. Writing in Context: Insular scholarship on contents and palaeography for in script, warns of the limitations of “mor- Manuscript Culture 500–1200. Studies in Me- some collections, he takes surviving booklists phologically-based categorizations of script dieval and Renaissance Book Culture. Leiden: as his key to the situation; his Appendix lists when dating handwriting” (211). Leiden University Press, 2013. 320p., ill. some 61 from 46 centres. Three further papers complete the second ISBN 9789087281823. €34.95 / US $45 book. Two were given at the Leiden 2012 (paperback). The second volume, on manuscript cul- colloquium “Anglo-Saxon Books and Their ture in Britain 500–1200, is dedicated to the Readers”: Michelle P. Brown, “The Implica- The first of these collections marks the memory of Malcolm B. Parkes (1930–2013). tions of the Staffordshire Hoard, Other Re- inauguration of Leiden University’s Lieftin- Each paper has its own bibliography. Three cent Discoveries and the ‘New Materiality’,” ck Lectures, founded in memory of Gerard are Lieftinck Lectures (2011–2012). The first delivered as her much admired inaugural Isaac Lieftinck (1902–1994). Appropriately, “Leiden Pliny,” examined in Mary Garrison’s lecture in the Institute of English Studies, therefore, the volume contains an overview “An Insular Copy of Pliny’s Naturalis historia University of London, 22 June 2010; and of Lieftinck’s career as librarian, palaeograp- (Leiden VLF 4 fols 4–33),” is one of only four Francis Newton, “A Giant Among Scribes: her, and codicologist by J. P. Gumbert, his manuscripts containing a classical text from Colophon and Iconographical Programme in colleague and successor. Three substantial Anglo-Saxon England, not just a commentary the Eadui Gospels.” Brown shows how such papers follow, with an integrated Bibliograp- or epitome but an actual text (67–125). Her archaeological finds as the Lichfield angel hy. Rosamond McKitterick, in “Glossaries focus is on the book’s physicality: plain but and the inscribed gold strip from the Staf- and Other Innovations in Carolingian Book formal, with few abbreviations, and “meti- fordshire Hoard accord with evidence pieced Production,” looks back to practices of the culously corrected” (75). Deductions drawn together for the Mercian “Tiberius” group of late-antique world as well as forward to the from comparisons of it with other large books manuscripts, putting Mercia “well and truly twelfth century and beyond, focusing on both from the early medieval Christian world on the map,” its treasures “vying with those historical writings and collections of glosses, and from the late-antique period lead her to of Northumbria and East Anglian as icons of both areas in which Leiden has rich holdings. placing it, and the Durham Cassiodorus, in Anglo-Saxon identity” (59). Newton, taking In particular, she reflects on the origins of Ælberht’s York. Six tables display evidence Basan in the meaning “giant” from Jerome’s the forty-eight groups of glossae collectae in used in arriving at this conclusion. “Reading etymology “terra gigantum,” ruminating on the “Leiden Glossary” (VLQ 69), calling into the Unreadable: Lay Literacy and Negotiation colophon and illustration of the Hannover question the over-ready linking of some of of Text in Anglo-Saxon England” by Kathryn Gospels and building on the Cassidorean them with Anglo-Saxon England as “both A. Lowe considers the Anglo-Saxon diploma parallel put forward by Catherine Karkov, too direct and too entrenched” (62). “Biting, “from the perspective of modern research argues that Eadui Basan was acknowledged by Kissing and the Treatment of Feet: The Tran- into emergent literacy development” (152). his contemporaries as a giant among scribes. sitional Script of the Long Twelfth Century” Reminding us that lay owners of property pri- He identifies Eadui with the tall figure or by Erik Kwakkel confronts the transition zed charters they were unlikely to have been “lectern” who holds Benedict’s book in the from Caroline to Gothic. He reports on his able to read, she focuses on how they must Arundel 155 presentation portrait. Finally, in examination of three general tendencies in have appeared to these “readers.” Layout, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Continental Scribes 342 plates in the Catalogues des manuscrits datés: choice of script, and decoration would have in Rochester Cathedral Priory, 1075–1150,” the development of feet on minims, the played their part, as would recognition of the Kwakkel takes a close look at pen trials and move towards angularity, and the emergence boundary clause and witness list. Teresa We- short bits of text added by four scribes on of biting. He further argues that Derolez’s bber, in “English Manuscripts in the Century the final pages of a two-volume collection of 1200 as the date at which fully developed after the Norman Conquest: Continuity and Ælfric homilies (Bodley 340, f. 169v, Bodley Gothic script begins may be too early. Three Change in the Palaeography of Books and 342, ff. 217v, 218v) which got to Rochester tables provide quantification of these featu- Book Collections,” presents a marvellously from Christ Church Canterbury by circa 1050. res across ten time bands within 1075–1224, succinct assessment of the significance of He argues that a training in the Low Countries the same information divided by region, and Neil Ker’s English Manuscripts in the Century lies behind Scribe A, whose additions include a conspectus of the manuscripts analysed after the Norman Conquest (1960). For Ker, the “oldest literary text in Dutch vernacular together with indication of the presence or this century was the high point of monastic presently known” (241); that the slightly later absence in them of the evidence accumulated. book production and he highlighted it as Scribe B’s script suggests Germanic origins; Six complementary graphs are to be found at “one of the formative periods in the history that the “style of handwriting of Scribe C the end of the colour-plate section. Finally, of institutional book collections in England” is Italian” (248); and that Scribe D’s hand Rodney Thomson examines “The Place of (191). Webber’s comprehensive examination does not look either English or Norman Germany in the Twelfth-Century Renaissan- of “new directions” (186) in research, dealing but has features “that point at the Germanic ... / 23 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 23

... / 22 region, more particularly Germany” (250). aim of the book is thus to explore “shifts” in writes in her introduction, to pay attention In default of any other evidence for “non- the “symbolic imagination around labor in the in this way is to remind ourselves “that this Norman continental scribes” in Rochester at wake of the Reformation” (144). mode [pastoral] is as much a meditation on this time (254), could it be that monks from Little’s book seeks to trace these medieval disruption as on the felicitous possibilities of Bec, to which they had been attracted from influences – and the history of their occlusion a new form” (14). other countries, acquired the local script of – across six chapters, beginning with ‘Medieval Anke Bernau Rochester but reverted to their native hand Traditions of Writing Rural Labor,’ followed University of Manchester when testing pens? by ‘The Invention of the English Eclogue,’ These two small format books make ‘The Pastoral Mode and Agrarian Capital- recent research available quickly and at a rea- ism,’ ‘Transforming Work: The Reformation c sonable cost. The page layout, with side-notes, and the Piers Plowman Tradition,’ ‘Spenser’s is attractive, and there is a generous provision Shepheardes Calender and a Poetry of Rural La- of illustration, both black and white figures bor,’ ‘Reading Pastoral in Book 6 of Spenser’s Philip Major, ed. Thomas Killigrew and the Sev- in text and plates in colour sections. Each Faerie Queene,’ and concluding with a brief enteenth-Century English Stage: New Perspectives. book is equipped with the necessary prelimi- ‘Afterword’ that considers Shakespeare’s As Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, nary materials (preface, listing of figures and You Like It. By focusing on less well-known 2013. xii, 228p., ill. ISBN 9781409466680. plates and of abbreviations) and at the back authors such as Barclay and Googe, and by £60 (hardback). with “Notes on the Contributors,” “Index reading representations of labour as inevi- of Manuscripts” and “General Index.” It is tably ideologically invested, Little opens up This collection is better appreciated for a series to be warmly welcomed. an alternative narrative of the emergence of offering new perspectives on Killigrew’s Jane Roberts pastoral – one which reveals its development life and various occupations, rather than as University of London to be dependent on the reconfiguration of the a reappraisal of his work in relation to the- figures of the shepherd and ploughman away atrical production, as the title suggests. As from their complex medieval associations with such, it succeeds in its aim of fleshing out c religion, labour, and reformism. The figure our understanding of a significant but elusive of the ploughman, which weaves in and out individual who tends to be characterised in of the main narrative that is focused on the negative one-dimensional terms, variously as Katherine C. Little. Transforming Work: Early shepherd “gives us some insight into both a venal minor courtier, an incompetent the- Modern Pastoral and Late Medieval Poetry. Notre the ‘traditional ideologies’ of labor and the atre manager, a writer of prolix closet plays, Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, contradictions generated by those ideologies” or a licensed buffoon. The eight chapters in 2013. x, 262p. ISBN 9780268033873. US $38 (28). Little is careful not to make a simplistic this book demonstrate the shallowness of (paperback). opposition between medieval (reformist) and these judgements and add not only to our Renaissance (oppressive) pastoral; rather, knowledge of the man but also to our under- This study sets out to articulate an “al- she teases out the complexities inherent in standing of the complex web of commerce, ternative literary history” that challenges the representing labour, and the tensions (both politics, patronage, and social networking that standard account of the emergence of pasto- productive and ever-shifting) between the constituted the workings of the Stuart courts ral in England as a new phenomenon rooted figurative and literal meanings associated with in which he was immersed. almost exclusively in classical traditions. rural labour, especially in the light of agrarian The book approaches its subject from Little argues that this account is founded capitalism and class conflict. several different angles: theatre and theatre on a retrospective viewpoint, which further Little’s argument is admirably lucid; the production, drama and genre, patronage, and reinforces the ideological work that occurs writing clear and focused. The case is made Killigrew as exile and courtier. For the most in the development of pastoral across the persuasively. If anything, I would have liked to part these approaches intersect engagingly, sixteenth century itself. What is ignored in have seen more – this study privileges, under- though there is inevitably some repetition, such narratives is the ongoing, troubling influ- standably, the main intervention that the au- and the collection succeeds in its aim of ence of medieval poetic modes; specifically, thor seeks to make. What is sometimes lacking generating a welcome feeling of unpredict- the traditions of what she calls “ecclesiastical is detail: in the readings themselves, but also in ability as one moves from chapter to chapter. pastoral” (an allegorical representation of relation to context. It is not always clear how Some may view this as a lack of focus, but the shepherd) and the “plowman tradition” or why specific examples were chosen, or how this would be to discount the detailed and (most familiar from Langland’s Piers Plowman). representative they are. And the complex poli- persuasive arguments permeating this collec- Because these medieval modes are associated tics surrounding the religious and economic tion that work collectively to shed new light with specific religious and political positions, changes discussed are sometimes streamlined on its shadowy (and inherently ill-focused) they must be “transformed” (or elided); in in order to highlight the main thrust of the ar- subject. particular, the economic realities of rural gument. Nonetheless, what this study achieves The first chapter, by Eleanor Collins, labour, the politics of enclosure, and the is not just to show the close relationship which examines pre-Restoration production importance of “works” to Catholic doctrine between aesthetics and politics, but also how of two of Killigrew’s plays, exemplifies these are what “haunt” (in different ways) the to challenge further the periodising claims of attributes and offers fresh insights from the works of writers such as Alexander Barclay, literary history by attention to form (which perspective of Repertoire Studies. Similar Barnabe Googe, and Edmund Spenser. The is always also politically-charged). As Little attention to detail is evidenced in David ... / 24 24 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 23 Roberts’s chapter, which sets out a refresh- Brett C. McInelly. Textual Warfare and the Mak- For those who may have been schooled ing counterargument to the traditional view ing of Methodism. Oxford: Oxford University in the denominational heroic creation myth, of Killigrew as a bad theatre manager. In Press, 2014. x, 246p. ISBN 9780198708940. shaking it off can be harder than it appears. a highly engaging and eloquent chapter on £50 / US $99 (hardback). I sensed at times that this was imperceptibly autobiographical aspects of the two-part play sliding towards an apologia for Methodism. Thomaso, Jean-Piere Vander Motten conveys The blood of martyrs, it has been said, was I also wondered if this is limited by being a felt sense of the experience of exile for the seed of the church. How much did the simply a textual study: the satirical response to Royalists like Killigrew during the 1640s and literary and satirical character assassinations Methodism was also visual, and the two were -50s. Vander Motten’s essay makes us see of early Methodism in the eighteenth century integral. Nonetheless, the reality remains that Thomaso in a new light as a subtle, rich work in contribute to its formation and strengthening? vituperative exchanges of Georgian satire, its own right, rather than as merely the source If that sounds a dry topic, Brett McInelly in print or picture, served to stimulate the play for Behn’s more renowned adaptation. makes this an engaging and readable study, growth of what critics wanted to ridicule. Is Marcus Nevitt similarly focuses on Thomaso, increasingly so as it moves along. The early religion an isolated case? inviting us to view the play as two separate, Methodist movement, under George Whi- Unlike the early church, where martyred theatrically viable five-act plays rather than as tefield and John Wesley (in separate camps), Christians shed their blood with little opp- a single ten-act closet play. Nevitt provides was vigorous and controversial, in a time of ortunity to challenge their persecutors, the an excellent account of Thomaso’s structure rapidly growing print culture and no-holds- Methodists of the eighteenth century could, and of Killigrew’s subsequent editing of barred conduct of public polemic. and did, reply vigorously to opposition. If the play, which points, he argues, to a likely The Methodist movement in eighteenth- John Wesley tended to present himself as an post-Restoration production. In this case the century Britain generated extensive literature: innocent victim, he did not take it lying down. overall discussion of the play, with its helpful John Wesley alone wrote or edited some 400 Such honed interchanges influenced the comparison to Davenant’s The Siege of Rhodes titles. Many treatments hitherto have been movement as it found its feet in post-enligh- and its fascinating pointing up of the play’s written from within the denominational tenment and early imperial Britain – factors meta-theatricality, proves more intriguing tradition (now numbering some 80 million that spurred it on to become international. In than the argument, but both these chapters globally). As a result there has been a tendency summary, McInelly writes: “What becomes achieve the laudable goal of making readers towards airbrushing negative aspects of its clear when surveying the historical record wish to (re)take up the plays for themselves. past, especially the virulent opposition the is that anti-Methodist efforts impacted the Despite a significant number of typo- movement faced in its early days, and how it Methodists themselves in mostly faith-af- graphical and similar errors that mar the read- was racked by internal disputes and persona- firming ways: clashes with their critics gave ing experience at several points (an inadver- lity clashes. In recent decades, however, there Methodists an opportunity to reflect on and tent exchange of captions to Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 has been a growing interest in other sides of articulate the reasons for their faith, and they being the most disconcerting), all the chapters Methodism’s past. McInelly’s work is a very believed much more firmly as a result of such offer new insights into Killigrew’s work and welcome addition to this literature. experiences…” (215). milieu. In reading this fascinating and diverse Following an introduction, in which the A fascinating and readable study of an collection one is forced to reconsider received author outlines the structure of the book and area of authorship and audience, polemic opinion of Killigrew’s work and character. also sets out much of the background and and publishing. The man re-emerges not necessarily as a more context, come six chapters. The first deals Peter S. Forsaith likeable or significant figure, but as one more with the textual nature of the public criticism Oxford Brookes University, Oxford human, more rounded, more explicable actu- of the movement, the second with its rhetoric ally as an adept survivor. In short, this book and the terminology of the critical exchanges. suggests possible answers to the question it Then follow four chapters dealing with speci- asks in its introduction about who might be fic thematic areas: the theatre, hymns, sexual c the “real” Thomas Killigrew. accusations, and the relationship between Tim Keenan intra-Methodist conflict and external attack. University of Queensland, Australia In these latter sections one gets a sense that Cristanne Miller. Reading in Time: Emily Dickin- the author is able to get his teeth into a single son in the Nineteenth Century. Amherst and Bos- topic and deal with it before bringing the ton, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, strands together in an effective conclusion. 2012. xiv, 282p., ill. ISBN 9781558499515. Much of the narrative is, inevitably per- US $28.95 (paperback). haps, polarised around Whitefield and Wesley as the most visible (and vilified) Methodist With Reading in Time, Cristanne Miller has leaders. However, McInelly has thoroughly succeeded in creating a framework for both explored the extensive literature – not only periodising and historicising the poetry of published work, but the unpublished papers Emily Dickinson. Miller begins her study by of many early Methodists – held in the John establishing that 1865 marks a turning point Rylands Library, Manchester. The breadth in Dickinson’s poetic practice, “making it of this research brings real strength to the reasonable to think of Dickinson as writing book. in two major periods – earlier and later” (1). ... / 25 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 25

... / 24 Focusing her attention on the earlier period, Instead…they tended to understand the lyric Olivia Murphy. Jane Austen as Reader: The Art- Miller then proceeds to historicise Dickinson’s in relation to song, which is to say sound, ist as Critic. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, poetry by reading it from the perspective of music, harmoniousness. …Dickinson’s poetry 2013. x, 238p., ill. ISBN 9781137292407. £50 antebellum (rather than twentieth- or twenty- fit this model” (21, 24). In a series of close (hardback). first-century) accounts of the lyric, the ballad, readings that include analysis of the ballad and and the hymn; by comparing its similarities hymn forms as well, Miller makes a compelling What did Jane Austen read? If this sounds and differences with early-nineteenth-century case for reading Dickinson’s poetry through like a question John Mullan might ask, the poetry, focusing in particular on the US peri- her contemporaries’ definition of the lyric. answer given by Olivia Murphy in her new odicals that Dickinson would have read; and Of most interest to SHARP members will book adopts a style rather different from his by situating it among popular discourses on be Miller’s chapter on “Spoken Poetry and jaunty chapters. Murphy is less concerned foreign travel and the US Civil War. For Miller, the Written Poem,” which takes the notion with what Marianne and Willoughby might reading Dickinson’s poetry “in time” means of lyric-as-sound and teases out the ways in or might not have been reading together reading with an eye to the compositional which Dickinson’s “poetry of implied orality” than with the way elements of their narrative practices that Dickinson nurtured at specific functions when handwritten onto manuscripts resemble texts by Goldsmith, Shakespeare, periods of her life and with a full appreciation or printed on newspaper pages (10). The bal- Richardson, Burney, De Staël, Cleland, for the experimental poetic practices of her lad in particular, as “a hybrid form of oral and Edgeworth, Bage, or the It-narratives of the contemporaries. print cultures” (51), provides a test-case for earlier eighteenth century. Her purpose is to It is with this effort to demonstrate the Miller to consider how text-based media give establish neither an equivalent for Austen of unorthodox aspects of antebellum poetry Dickinson the opportunity to experiment with Duncan Wu’s exhaustive two-volume guide that Miller most fully aligns herself with other a species of synesthesia involving “the writing to Wordsworth’s Reading, nor a supplement to practitioners of “historical poetics,” a grow- out of metrical lines, so that one hears clear R. W. Chapman’s list of “Literary Allusions,” ing community of scholars of nineteenth- metrical units but sees poetic lines that do nor a Mary Shelley style “Reading List”: century prosody whose efforts (not unlike not correspond to the heard structure” (83). she does include a tantalising appendix on those of the residents of Austin, Texas, or Miller’s skill as a close reader of Dickinson’s the Library at Godmersham and the books Portland, Oregon) are to keep poetry “weird”: poetry is on full display in this and other chap- Austen may have possessed, but ultimately to demonstrate through archival research and ters as she pinpoints specific metrical and aural she is more interested in how, rather than careful explication that much of what has moments in the poems where a casual reader what, Austen read. historically been considered “traditional” or might miss Dickinson’s subtle experimenta- This places Jane Austen as Reader in the “conventional” about nineteenth-century po- tions with both poetic and media forms. critical company of literary scholars such as etry is, in fact, more radical than it appears at The chapters on the poetry of foreign Jocelyn Harris, who have encouraged mod- first blush. Miller writes that “the antebellum travel and the US Civil War are less compel- ern readers to recognise the ways in which period enthusiastically embraced a variety of ling than the chapters on the lyric, ballad, Austen’s novels engage in dialogue with ear- innovative formal structures, including poems and hymn, in part because Miller’s arguments lier texts, and those who have done so much with a high degree of structural irregularity,” about the centrality of these cultural contexts to shed light on the publishing practices, and that “many if not most of the stanzaic to Dickinson’s work are themselves less confi- book history, and canon formation of the forms Dickinson used can be found in poetry dent than the arguments she makes elsewhere Romantic period. Jane Austen as Reader is also by at least one of her contemporaries in a in the book. It’s clear from the examples Miller driven by intense irritation over the modern venue she would have known” (10). Reading gathers that discourses of global travel and Austen industry that has turned this brilliant, Dickinson alongside the “innovative” and “ir- of death on the battlefield made an impact innovative author into a representative of regular” poetry of the antebellum periodical on Dickinson; what is less clear is why these “conservative femininity” and “an eminently press, Miller finds that “one can acknowledge particular cultural touchstones – as opposed merchandisable, intellectually dishonest sym- [Dickinson’s] distinctness without seeing her to, say, science, religion, or gender – should be bol of false consciousness” (50). as unique or anomalous to a culture that in taken as the keys to unlocking Dickinson “in In direct opposition to this unfortunate fact seems to have provided her with profuse time” with the nineteenth century. Regardless, state of affairs, Murphy’s thoroughly re- and powerful models” (9–10). the chapters are illuminating, as is the entire searched study offers an intelligent, often Lyric poetry in particular, Miller argues, book, about the complex ways in which Emily thought-provoking argument that sees gave poets like Dickinson the widest latitude Dickinson engaged with the culture of the Austen as a highly independent, serious art- for experimentation and play. In contrast to antebellum United States. ist, whose distinctive narrative techniques recent efforts to distance Dickinson from Edward Whitley developed as a consequence of her acute the lyric as a category of analysis, Miller Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA powers as a reader. In Murphy’s eyes, Austen submits that definitions of the lyric in the was as critical as creative in her writing, but antebellum US accurately capture Dickinson’s rather than expend her energy on book re- work during her pre-1865 period, writing that views and essays, she incorporated her critical “nineteenth-century American definitions of opinions into her fiction. Austen imbibed and references to ‘lyric’ rarely mention sub- the critical atmosphere of her age and her jectivity, address, or temporality – the charac- brilliant, critical reading of numerous texts teristics centering virtually all twentieth- and was crucial to the development of her own, twenty-first century discussion of this genre. highly distinctive work. ... / 26 26 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 25 Despite Murphy’s emphasis on the Catherine Nicholson. Uncommon Tongues: part of the book turns from theory to practice parallels between Austen’s work and other Eloquence and Eccentricity in the English Ren- and uses spatial and geographical metaphors contemporary novels, there is no suggestion aissance. Philadelphia: University of Penn- to define Elizabethan “eccentricity” with that Austen was a derivative writer. Nor does sylvania Press, 2013. vi, 218p., ill. ISBN regard to form. Chapter 3 addresses the “way- Murphy take the approach of a certain kind 9780812245585. £36 / US $55 (hardback). ward” style of Lyly’s Euphues; chapter 4 dis- of historicism that, in illuminating com- cusses Spenser’s Shepheardes Calender through mon themes, characters, plots, and narrative There are two ways of representing the the prism of the alienated Colin Clout; and techniques, so often tends to flatten any rhetorical and linguistic basis of the English chapter 5 the question of the English blank distinctions. Instead, she demonstrates the literary renaissance in the last quarter of verse meter in the context of Tamburlaine. A many ways in which Austen’s novels stand the sixteenth century. One is to see it as a coda on Shakespeare offers an “estranged” out as critiques of contemporary trends. triumph of the vernacular, a moment in reading of Hal/Henry V. Northanger Abbey, for example, is not a mere which native forms find their own voice and The text which Nicholson has most comic parody of Radcliffe’s popular fiction, express a sense of unified English nation- difficulty assimilating into her argument is but a more hard-hitting exposure of the “hol- hood. The other is to see it as a much more Daniel’s Defence of Ryme, since “ryme” has low reassurances of the whole Gothic genre” hybrid phenomenon, as continental models to be understood to cover accentual-syllabic (52). In chapter four, one of the richest in and vocabulary imported from classical and metres as well as homophonic line-endings, the book, Murphy detects telling allusions modern foreign languages are assimilated and Daniel is undoubtedly bent on validat- to Paradise Lost in Mansfield Park, arguing that into English speech. Catherine Nicholson’s ing native tradition. All the promised literary for Austen, Milton’s widely revered epic was intelligent, persuasive and attractively written innovation, he says, gives us “only what was to be read like “any other text” (113) – and book takes very much the second point of our own before, and the same but apparelled taken to task for its oppressive attitude to- view. While this is in some respects a return in foreign titles; which had they come in their wards women. Such bold engagements with to a classic (pre-Helgerson’s Forms of Nation- kind and natural attire of ryme, we should the grand patriarchs of English literature cast hood) picture of the English Renaissance, never have suspected that they had affected to Austen as both radical feminist and champion what Nicholson actually offers is a more be other, or sought to degenerate into strange of the modern novel. novel and provocative account of Elizabethan manners.” But this aside, Uncommon Tongues That Murphy has read an enormous literature that emphasises the exotic over the is a substantial and insightful contribution amount in her pursuit of Austen’s creative- familiar. As she elegantly puts it in referring to our understanding of the reshaping of critical methods is evident on every page. Not to debates about literary form in the period, English literary culture in the late sixteenth only does the book bulge with paragraphs on “[c]ommonality might be the premise from century and to the current revival of interest Austen’s contemporaries, but also with refer- which that conversation began, but estrange- in questions of literary form. It is not a long ence to recent criticism. For a text running to ment was where it invariably tended” (15). book, but its concerns are large-scale and its fewer than 200 pages, it is astonishingly rich in High-impact literature is created by appealing achievement is considerable. material. The extensive endnotes also reward to the reader’s sense of wonder. Neil Rhodes careful attention, for it is here that you can Discussions of eloquence frequently in- University of St Andrews, Fife find Austen’s own, inimitable comments on voke Orpheus and here too the subject may her reading practices (“I have mended my pet- be represented in different ways. Orpheus ticoat, read The Corsair, and have nothing left uses his power of song in a civilising mission, to do” (cited 184n.)), as well as some of the but he also ends up alienated from society, c most thought-provoking critical remarks. The chasing boys. It is this second, antisocial and closing notes to chapter four, for example, “eccentric” Orpheus that Nicholson takes as draw an unexpected parallel between Fanny her starting point. The subsequent chapters Price and Winston Smith at the end of Nine- deal, first, with the use of estrangement in the Niall Ó Ciosáin. Ireland in Official Print Cul- teen Eighty-Four. In such a packed volume, it is humanist pedagogy of Elyot, Ascham, and ture, 1800‑1850: A New Reading of the Poor hardly appropriate to dwell on omissions, but Mulcaster, and with the “commonplace” and Inquiry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, given Murphy’s emphasis on the importance the “far-fetched” in English rhetorics. Here 2014. viii, 200p. ISBN 9780199679386. £60 of Austen’s earliest writings for understanding and throughout the book Nicholson is exact (hardback). her mature art, the absence of any extended in her choice of vocabulary (and astute in her discussion of Lady Susan is disappointing. choice of quotation), focusing the reader’s This book is a sustained analysis and No doubt the word limit enforced this – and attention on the depth of significance in fa- investigation of the writing of Ireland in the the very fact that readers are likely to be left miliar terms. Outlining the traditional contrast official print culture of the period before the wishing this book longer seems suitably defi- between the Attic and Asiatic styles with an Irish Great Famine. It examines “the Poor ant of Johnsonian opinion. entertaining list of positive and negative epi- Inquiry of 1833‑1836” in some detail, and Fiona Stafford thets, she sets about redeeming the Asiatic by offers a mine of information on a period of Somerville College, University of Oxford showing how the “imagery of estrangement” Irish history that has been largely occluded is just as effective in representing an enriched by the focus on the subsequent famine years. vernacular as it is in stigmatising affectation, The sense of an official Ireland is clear from and then moves into an interesting discussion the book, which points out that Ireland had a of Gascoigne’s licentiam poeticam. The second centralised police force, a system of local law ... / 27 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 27

... / 26 courts, state-funded primary education, a state of a country is set up. He mines this discourse notions of diplomacy running throughout body for infrastructural investment, a Board well, and his findings and comments are acute the volume: first, and most dominantly, of Works, and a national system of poor relief and worthwhile. The socio-cultural and po- the processes by which rulers of different (3). It makes strong connections between the litical context is also addressed to provide a polities maintain relations with one another, Irish and English Poor Law enquiries, and full and accurate narrative of Ireland at this and secondly, the mediation of power rela- improves our knowledge of this pre-Famine time. Ireland in Official Print Culture is a strong tions more broadly. This latter notion can period. Ó Ciosáin also differentiates the two addition to the field of historical research and introduce unhelpful conceptual slippage, and cultures, noting that in the English census of a valuable resource for anyone interested in contrasts with Hampton’s concern to put the 1841 there were over 900 occupations cited, Irish Studies. Moreover, the book is beautifully focus back onto the more international mean- whereas in the Irish one there were only some presented with a full scholarly apparatus. The ing of diplomacy and actual negotiations. A 400, which speaks to the different levels of bibliography is extensive, though the index subject petitioning his monarch or offering societal development (171). is a little disappointing, running to just three supplication, for instance, might be more He balances the official record of Ireland pages. profitably understood within the frameworks with material from manuscripts and folk I have a reasonable knowledge of Irish of domestic political hierarchies and political narratives that were originally produced in history, and one of the first questions I ask culture than by likening those activities to the Irish language, thus adding depth to the on concluding a book is whether I now know internal embassies. more official accounts. He also probes the more, and is that knowledge significant? In Those essays more concerned with do- linguistic and terminological differences that the case of Ó Ciosáin’s book, the answer is mestic hierarchies, governance, and counsel exist between the Irish and English, offering definitely affirmative. explore the negotiation of authority in texts a sustained reading of the types of beggars Eugene O’Brien such as Lyndsay’s Dreme or Bodleian MS that were listed, and explaining the meaning Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick Fairfax 16. The latter is viewed by Mariana of the term “boccough” (meaning “lame”) Neilly as both reflecting William de la Pole’s that occurs frequently (101). Similarly, he gives personal circumstances and influenced by us the data on poorhouses as recorded in of- c the cultural opportunities his diplomatic ac- ficial files, and then as recorded by witnesses tivities in France brought. Several essays are in surveys. Intriguingly, he also poses the issue concerned with how writers explored their of agency in these surveys by recording how ideas about diplomacy in literary texts. Hence one man, in Ballymahon County Longford, Jason Powell and William T. Rossiter, eds. Au- Jason Powell’s analysis of Astrophil and Stella Michael O’Rourke, having claimed that la- thority and Diplomacy from Dante to Shakespeare. asks how Sidney might have used the text bourers in distress were reluctant to enter Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, to understand his own place in the world of the poorhouses, now felt that he had spoken 2013. xii, 260p. ISBN 9781409430209. £65 Elizabethan diplomacy, while William T. Ros- “when his pride was up.” Ó Ciosáin points (hardback). siter examines the influence of Sir Thomas out the influence of “the presence of their Wyatt’s embassy to Charles V on his poetry. peer group” and the “presence of figures of Timothy Hampton’s Fictions of Embassy Alexander Lee, meanwhile, makes the case authority” (78) on the nature of the informa- (Ithaca, 2009) generated renewed interest that Petrarch’s diplomatic career was conso- tion provided, and this is a good example of in the relationship between early modern nant with the position that he took on just the nuanced mode of scholarship to be found literature and diplomacy. Authority and Diplo- war and peace in his theoretical writings. in this book. macy, which arises from a conference held at Other contributions focus on the rela- The cultural context of the period, the Liverpool Hope University, makes a further tionship between popular perceptions of clash between oral and written accounts of welcome contribution to our understanding diplomacy and diplomatic practice, making events, the importance of the burgeoning of literary engagements with diplomacy. The a cumulative case that public knowledge of systemic role of the Catholic Church, and concern with the poetics of diplomacy has diplomacy was increasing across the sixteenth the portrayal of Daniel O’Connell all cre- been strongest amongst Anglophone literary century. John Watkins’ essay explores French ate something of an Irish public sphere, to scholars, particularly those working on English poetical celebrations of Cateau-Cambrésis, use the Habermasian term, and describe a literature. Unsurprising, then, English authors highlighting that many of the negotiators’ place where a “growing newspaper press” and texts predominate in the volume. It is not concerns about interdynastic marriage in constituted an “arena for political discussion entirely Anglo-centric, however: there are es- 1559 were voiced more publicly in England and organization outside parliament” (8). Ó says on Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, in 1579 with regards to a different marriage Ciosáin makes the point that, in many ways, David Lyndsay, and the influence of Torquato negotiation. Mark Netzloff analyses George Ireland was unrepresentable in the norms Tasso on Scipione and Alberico Gentili. Chapman’s Monsieur d’Olive, a neglected early and terms of English officialdom. He also Several essays examine the late medieval Stuart play about a failed embassy, rightly traces the tension between the political and period, thereby exploring literary-diplomatic terming it a “comedy of state” (192). Joanna religious dimensions of Ireland, noting that engagements before the advent of resident Craigwood’s analysis of Shakespearean am- the Catholic Church “was beginning to en- diplomacy (which Hampton saw as provoking bassadors similarly raises questions about gage in state-building exercises of its own in the “diplomatic moment” in European litera- how the playgoing public would have en- the 1820s and 1930s” (125). ture). The essays are unified by a concern with countered diplomacy on stage. Both Netzloff Ó Ciosáin has brought to light a lot of notions of sovereignty and authority. Some- and Craigwood are concerned with notions information about how the official discourse what problematically, there are two different of diplomatic representation and authority, ... / 28 28 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 27 asking how Chapman and Shakespeare re- is treated by Karen L. Bowen with particular this survey lies, as the authors declare, in the spectively thought about the sovereign role reference to the negotiations required in his tremendous stocks of metadata, whose study of the ambassador vis-à-vis his king and printing of the new Tridentine missal. While opens up possibilities far beyond the mere what the limits of that borrowed sovereignty Bowen’s assertion of the fundamental impor- identification of individual editions. were. Diego Pirillo highlights the entangle- tance of this text for the practice of [Roman] Finally, Gert Meesters comments on the ment of diplomacy and literary production Catholicism is undoubtedly true, it still sounds fact that Willy Vandersteen, despite his im- in this period by demonstrating that Alberico strange to one brought up in the Calvinist portance in the development of cartoons in Gentili’s writings on diplomacy were forged tradition, which places central importance on Flanders, is almost totally unknown outside in productive dialogue with Torquato Tasso’s the reading of and meditation on the Bible. its borders. (I do not find that unusual, as an Messaggiero and Gerusalemme liberata. Bowen begins by discussing the sources for important part of my youthful reading was Those interested in the practices of early Plantin’s plans for printing the new text, once the strip cartoon produced by the Scottish modern diplomacy will find this book less he had been authorized to do so. Instructions artist Bud Neill in The Glasgow Evening News useful than literary scholars, but all those had been sent from Spain on the type to be between 1949 and 1956 and in The Sunday Mail interested in how authors mediated and ques- used and what illustrative matter should be in the late 1950s. His wry humour, expressed tioned power relations will find something of added. She demonstrates that, for pragmatic in bizarre characters such as Lobey Dosser, value in this volume. reasons, Plantin declined to follow to the the one-eyed Sheriff of Calton Creek, and Tracey A. Sowerby letter those Spanish instructions, particularly his two-legged[!] horse, Elfie, was written Keble College, Oxford regarding illustrations and layout, which he in language incomprehensible to most non- believed would have impaired his ability to Glaswegians.) Vandersteen’s legacy is kept print the text efficiently. alive in seven Belgian cities by walls decorated Pierre Delsaerdt moves the story on to with scenes from his cartoons and there is c the late eighteenth century in his study of a statue in eight, a tribute that Glasgow has bibliophily and of confiscated libraries in also accorded to Neill. An important feature Belgium. In the former area the most im- of Vandersteen’s work was the studio system, portant figure was Jean-Baptiste Verdussen, not a common feature of European comics Goran Proot, ed. De Gulden Passer: Tijdschrift a scion of a family of printers. When his at that time. This allowed him to produce voor Boekwetenschap [The Golden Compass: Journal private library was auctioned in 1776, the not only more comics but also more genres. for Book History]. 92.1. Antwerp: Uitgave van government in Brussels was keen to see the This system was also an important distin- de Vereniging van Antwerpse Bibliofielen, manuscripts and printed books relating to guishing mark between the Dutch- and the 2014. 147p. ISSN 07775067 (paperback). Belgian history kept in the country, not only French-language way of publishing comics as part of the country’s heritage, but also in Belgium. This special number of the long-standing to prevent them being snapped up by the My main criticism of the volume concerns periodical was produced for the meeting of Dutch. The two areas of Delsaerdt’s study the layout. I find it irritating that the text of a SHARP in Antwerp in 2014, as the front coalesce with the secularisation of religious footnote does not always appear on the same paper wrapper makes clear. orders in the 1770s onwards, beginning with page as the reference, a problem that end- In the first article, “The emergence of the takeover by the state of Jesuit libraries notes would have solved. The English of the Antwerp as a printing centre,” Renaud Adam but moving on later to encompass those of contributors, who are with one exception not gives a detailed account of the first printers other conventual orders. native speakers, is excellent, there being only in the Low Countries: Nicolaus Ketelaer and Kevin Absillis examines the way in which the occasional slip which jars slightly on the Gerardus de Leempt in Utrecht, and Joannes the invention of printing was celebrated in eye and ear of a born English speaker. That de Westfalia and Dirk Martens in Aalst. In Belgium in the eighteenth and nineteenth said, until a national history of the book in the under ten years the new technology had centuries, before discussing the role which northern and southern Netherlands appears, spread to the major cities of the Burgundian these celebrations played in forming a na- if it ever does, this volume will be an excellent Netherlands. Printing began in Antwerp in the tional identity. starting-off point for the southern part. early 1480s and by around 1510 there were ten Steven Van Impe, Goran Proot, and active printing shops in the town. The earli- Susanna De Schepper’s contribution on the W. A. Kelly est imprints produced there were devotional printed and electronic resources on Low Edinburgh Napier University works in Dutch and medieval romances, often Countries imprints of the hand press period translated from French, but later ones were in comes closest to my training as a librarian Latin. This last-named group, which included and bibliographer. Such resources help to important humanist and renaissance texts, compensate for the lack of a national his- helped to establish Antwerp as the leading tory of the book in the area. The virtues and printing town in the Southern Netherlands. limitations of these are discussed, as well A significant role in the development of as their usefulness for further bibliographi- printing there was membership of the Guild cal study. This latter is illustrated by a case of St Luke. study of the use of paragraph marks and of The most important figure in the history single vine leaves, used first for punctuation of printing in Antwerp, Christopher Plantin, and then for decoration. The great value of SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 29

Richard Rankin Russell. Seamus Heaney’s region we inhabit after death” (367). 1982 that “Establishment critics must, and Regions. Notre Dame, IN: University of His reading of The Cure at Troy is strong; will, make their peace with him, and with his Notre Dame Press, 2014. xiv, 498p. ISBN he connects it with the classical influence that millions of readers throughout the world” 9780268040369. US $55 (paperback). became gradually stronger as Heaney’s poetry (“Rudyard Kipling and the Establishment”) developed, but also in terms of Heaney’s in- was then premature, the publication of David This is a scholarly and accessible explora- terest in drama. Russell points out that in his Sergeant’s Kipling’s Art of Fiction makes it tion of regionalism in the writing of Seamus student days, at St Joseph’s Training College seem at last prescient. Presenting a detailed Heaney from one of the most insightful read- in Belfast, Heaney led some fellow students analysis of the fiction, particularly the short ers of his work. Thus, when Heaney speaks of in putting on the Passion section from the fiction, from the first publication of the a statue of Orpheus as exemplifying “a local Chester medieval mystery plays (283). He also stories that were collected in 1888’s Plain Hellenistic period,” Russell sees this as em- points to an early play written by Heaney, a Tales from the Hills to the 1901 novel, Kim, in bodying Heaney’s sense of an imagined future radio drama entitled Munroe and broadcast on the triple contexts of their composition and in the concept of the region (12). Russell uses 14 January 1970, about one of the 1798 rebels, publication, thematic and topical dimensions, a tripartite sense of the region (as an actual in which Heaney demonstrates a proleptic and formal elements, Sergeant’s excellent place, as a place of imagination and as a locus sense of his own inclusive aesthetic as his book seems to indicate that Orel’s longed-for for the hope of a future peaceful identity) as a character declaims that “Brutus and Rousseau peace has at last broken out. lens through which to range across Heaney’s stand with me. / And Christ and Luther” (89). Sergeant does not neglect the complex poetry, prose and drama. Consequently, he The mention of Luther at a time of increasing history of imperialism in which Kipling’s points to Heaney’s reading of Dante not as violence in Northern Ireland is a statement in work is embedded. Rather, he proposes a a universal voice but as a “local-associative” itself, and Russell is to be praised for bringing two-sided schema that reads Kipling’s fictions one (263), and goes on to see Dante, like so this material to the light of day. as either “authoritarian” or “complex” – that many other poets, as enunciating the voice Heaney himself said in The Redress of Poetry is, either aligned with the controlled, orthodox of a local sensibility in the face of a global that poetry “has to be a working model of in- views of his largely conservative audience, or one. There are strong comparative elements clusive consciousness. It should not simplify.” evincing a quite different kind of control in in this work, with Heaney being read against Russell’s reading of parts of District and Circle the more ambiguous and disturbing works the regionalist dimensions of other poets as simultaneously voicing Heaney’s longing Sergeant calls complex. More than one critic such as Dante, Eliot, Yeats, Owen, Burns, for a connection with the “traditional concept has found such conflict in Kipling’s work and Holub, and Joyce. of the region,” as well as the realisation that elaborated the ways that these sides subvert As well as reading Heaney standards, like mortality is moving him “ineluctably towards and contain, contest and confirm, Kipling’s North, Field Work, and The Cure at Troy, Rus- the region of the dead” (354), thus echoes political views; Sergeant’s analysis, though, sell probes the less studied sections of his his reading of the final book, Human Chain, is set apart by the careful wedding of this work. For example, he examines Heaney’s in which he traces hauntings from Heaney’s schema to a close textual formalism and a early radio broadcasts, and in a quote from earlier poetry; we are, he suggests, linked to- charting of Kipling’s artistic development an untitled one, notes how in a discussion of gether in “a human chain of help and hope through a publication history that does for British explorers, Heaney cites the value of all our lives and beyond” (404). Russell’s book the fiction what Ann Parry did for the poetry the mirror and the microscope, going on to is full of such information and is a significant in The Poetry of Rudyard Kipling (1992). offer a typically nuanced opinion that “you and original addition to the critical work on Thus Sergeant follows his brief can disappear into the thing you look at…. Seamus Heaney. introduction with a lengthy chapter focused We explore lives not our own by our atten- Eugene O’Brien on the Indian fiction of 1884–89, noting tion” (81). He is especially strong on The Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick a preoccupation with rules that is borne Haw Lantern and on Station Island, two very out both rhetorically, in a structure that different books that he compares in terms asserts a rule and enumerates instances, of their different enunciations of the region. and syntactically, in passages that run out He reads the formal tercets in these books, c of control and are then tamed, or not Heaney’s “dominant form” after Station Island tamed, in the exertion of the rules. Here (248), as owing much to Dante, but offers a too Sergeant introduces key tropes that will more sustained reading of Heaney’s prosody David Sergeant. Kipling’s Art of Fiction 1884– appear and reappear in Kipling’s fiction: than any other book, apart from Bernard 1901. Oxford: Oxford University Press, enclosures, mechanisms, rationalisms, for O’Donoghue’s Seamus Heaney and The Lan- 2013. x, 238p. ISBN 9780199684588. £55 example; knowers both idealized, as in the guage of Poetry. Indeed, throughout the book, (hardback). numerous Strickland figures, and satirized, Russell is highly attuned to the rhythmic and as is the notorious babu of Kim. SHARPists formal qualities of Heaney’s poems. His Rudyard Kipling – novelist, poet, short will appreciate the detailed consideration of reading of Seeing Things and Human Chain story writer, laureate of empire and of composition and publication history that fuses form and content as he notes that both England – has for over a century been the accompanies these close readings; Kipling volumes, by their sustained use of a version academy’s favourite whipping boy, as much, scholars will note with delight Sergeant’s of Dante’s terza rima, lead the reader to expect it seems, for his working-class popularity and graceful handling of the critical heritage that an exploration of spiritual themes, as “the patriotism as for his imperialist sympathies. renders it exhaustively without exhausting poetry muses upon border crossings to the And though Harold Orel’s contention in the reader. ... / 30 30 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 29 Chapter three marks Kipling’s return to an interrogative reading of Virginia Woolf’s derpinned by detailed and extensive archival Britain and what Sergeant sees as the changes A Room of One’s Own. As Smith points out, research, these chapters amply demonstrate in Kipling’s artistic development consequent Room’s evocative story of Judith Shakespeare the complexity of women’s involvement with on his new British, rather than Anglo-Indian, has generated a huge and diverse secondary the book trade, which generally resulted from readership, in particular the shifts in narrative literature on women’s writing from many – but cannot be fully explained by – marital or technique that emphasize a newly simplified centuries and in both manuscript and print. filial connections. Smith is at her most persua- typology of figures and a hierarchical By contrast, Smith argues, scholars have sive when arguing, against the grain of some concern with their ordering – an account paid rather less interest to another of Room’s recent scholarship, that a widow who ran a that culminates in tracing the role of these insights: namely, Woolf’s insistence on the successful print-shop probably did not learn techniques in 1890’s The Light That Failed. In importance of “grossly material things,” the business from scratch on her husband’s chapter four, Sergeant notes the retooling of the physical conditions that have variously death, or that a woman who risked publish- these shifts in Kipling’s movement to fable shaped, enabled, or limited women’s engage- ing controversial political or religious litera- and myth, a focalizing device that embraces ment with the written word. It is this lacuna ture was probably not motivated by money the realist and non-realist elements of The that Smith’s deeply informative book sets alone. Her studies of women’s involvement Jungle Book and, helpfully, in The Day’s Work; out to fill. in the Scottish and English provincial book here too the tropes Sergeant identified early The five chapters of‘Grossly Material Things’ trade, and in the importation of Catholic on, like the proliferation of doubles, remind address the issue of women and writing from and Puritan books from France and the Low us of the genuine utility of Sergeant’s a diverse and suggestive range of perspectives. Countries, also form a useful counterbalance two-sided heuristic. Finally, in chapter five, Chapter 1, subtitled ‘Women at the Scene of to the metropolitan focus of much English- Sergeant turns to Kim, Kipling’s masterpiece, Writing,’ surveys women’s contributions to language book history. that “imaginative flight from the cares of written texts as scribes, translators, editors, ‘Grossly Material Things’ concludes with a Kipling’s authoritarian self ” (201), and uses and oral witnesses. Many of the arguments chapter on women and reading, as well as a his understanding of its fabular and two-sided in this chapter will already be familiar to short but richly stimulating epilogue on books dimensions to see it newly as complex. readers well-versed in recent scholarship on and the body. This monograph will be indis- Despite his desire to see the authoritarian early modern women’s writing – which has, pensable for early modern book historians and the complex throughout Kipling’s œuvre for instance, frequently stressed the creative as well as scholars of women’s writing in the in a kind of creative tension that reaches its and productive role of women’s (as well as sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. pinnacle with Kim, Sergeant’s conviction that men’s) translations. Even so, few such readers Kipling is fully aware of his contexts and will fail to learn from the wealth of examples, Gillian Wright contrivances in the authoritarian fictions, from both primary and secondary sources, University of Birmingham, UK but more likely unconscious in such complex so ably marshalled and discussed by Smith. fictions as “The Story of Muhammed Din” Chapter 2, subtitled ‘Women, Patronage and (45) tend in the end to privilege one side Print,’ begins with Anne of Denmark’s role of Kipling’s “split identity.” Nonetheless as patron to John Florio’s New World of Words c Sergeant has made a significant contribution, (1611) and ends with the activities of Catholic whose primary flaw is that he did not find and Puritan women in facilitating, concealing, “world enough and time,” as he says (206), and circulating banned religious texts. Smith’s to trace the development of the coercive and analysis carefully distinguishes the numerous James Smith. British Writers and MI5 Surveil- the complex in the later fiction, particularly shades of agency encompassed by “patron- lance, 1930–1960. Cambridge: Cambridge the remarkable post-war stories. age,” while her expansive treatment of “print” University Press, 2013. xx, 212p. ISBN also includes attention to the complementary 9781107030824. £55 / US $95 (hardback). Susan Johnston – and sometimes overlapping – significance University of Regina, Saskatchewan of manuscript: witness Samuel Daniel’s wed- The recent Snowden revelations showed ding masque Hymen’s Triumph, dedicated in unofficially how near many of us are to state print to his regular patron, Queen Anne, but supervision of our activities. James Smith presented in manuscript to its commissioner takes advantage of the gradual but official c and co-subject, Lady Roxborough. porousness of the security archive to examine Smith’s most exciting and innovative con- what kinds of interest mid-century British tributions to scholarly knowledge, however, Intelligence took in certain cultural notables. Helen Smith. ‘Grossly Material Things’: Women occur in chapters 3 and 4, which consider Having set the scene in a lucid and helpful and Book Production in Early Modern England. women’s relationships with and beyond the introduction, successive chapters focus on Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Stationers’ Company. Drawing on innovative “The Auden Circle,” Ewan MacColl and Joan xvi, 256p. ill. ISBN 9780199651580. £63 studies of the late seventeenth- and early Littlewood, and George Orwell and Arthur (hardback). eighteenth-century book trade by Maureen Koestler. Bell and Paula McDowell, Smith identifies nu- Coleridge and Wordsworth were notori- Helen Smith’s award-winning ‘Grossly merous instances of women acting as printers ously shadowed by an observer who misheard Material Things,’ like so much scholarship on and publishers both inside and outside Lon- “Spinoza” as “Spy Nosey.” Writers in the early modern women, locates its origins in don between the 1550s and the 1640s. Un- twentieth century played with the idea of ... / 31 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 31

... / 30 espionage, few more influentially than Auden: This is a ground-breaking study: its only The “sciences” asked for rational criticism, “Our hopes were set still on the spies’ career” limitations are those imposed by its timeframe requiring the writers and readers of New he recalled, self-reproachfully. What Smith and the nature of its source. Spain to adapt new information to their shows is that the play-acting had, for the au- Tony Sharpe country’s needs. As Valdez Garza claims, this thorities, some substance, and that suspicion Lancaster University, UK was more than just a change in tone that the of the true allegiance of certain left-wing literary establishment might adopt, but rather fellow-travellers, in the pre-war period, led a challenge to the thinking of the whole to their need to prove themselves patriots c colony as it approached nationhood. during the conflict that followed. This then She is particularly concerned with Al- paved the way for actual cooperation with the zate’s criticism of foreign travelers’ views post-war dispensations when, for example, it Dalia Valdez Garza. Libros y lectores en la Gazeta of Mexico, singling out Joseph de La Porte appears that Stephen Spender was not quite de literatura de México (1788–1795) de José An- and George Anson, whose unfavorable such an innocent as he pretended to have tonio Alzate. México. D.F.: Bonilla Artigas and judgments deriving from their politics and been (his contribution to The God That Failed, Monterrey: Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Protestantism she links to the accusations of itself serving Intelligence interests, was an Superiores de Monterrey; Madrid: Iberoa- American inferiority of De Pauw and Buffon. important factor in his rehabilitation). mericana, 2014. 266p. ISBN 9786078348414 Their denigration of Mexico’s population Smith attests: “Many previously radical (Bonilla), 88484898634 (Iberoamericana). and geography is counterbalanced by Alzate’s authors with MI5 files suddenly found them- satire and opposing arguments so as to teach selves courted by these covert arms. This was Book history has been a research focus readers to rethink their self image. often a turning point in their careers … it for historians and literary scholars in Mexico Her title’s emphasis on “readers” points marked a rapprochement with the Establish- for a while now, so that Valdez Garza has to reception. Here she examines Alzate as a ment” (27). Smith is alert to the “almost comi- a formidable task in situating José Antonio reader concerned with diffusing knowledge cal” aspects of some of this, but asserts that Alzate (1737–1799) and his work in that in his newspaper and in the tertulias or infor- the cause for concern was genuine: “Only the accumulation. Alzate was a clergyman of in- mal gatherings where he shared his reading. most stubborn of apologists could today deny dependent means at a time when the Spanish In considering Mexican readership, however, that Britain was subject to a campaign from colony was producing its own scientists yet she also points to New Spain’s participation an extensive foreign intelligence service” (19). was curious about European advances, and in an emerging international republic of His study is a dispassionate attempt to pen- he used the emerging press industry to pro- letters, wider than the previous elite com- etrate rumour and establish fact – showing, duce several publications. In the case of the posed of theologians, high administrators, for example, that Orwell was neither as much Gazeta de literatura de México, he opportunely and legal scholars. She adduces reception of a left-wing firebrand nor, subsequently, took advantage of his countrymen’s curiosity from the holdings of the libraries of New as much of a traitor to the left-wing cause – and their desire to modernize – to publish Spain, as well as bookdealers’ and importers’ as he has been depicted in some quarters. a twice-a-month, twelve-page journal whose records – but also readers’ contributions and In certain aspects, what Smith discovers is claim to “literature” meant several things: attributions. quietly reassuring. Whatever nonsense could the sciences (physics, mathematics, botany, In the climate of colonial censorship, emanate from local levels, there was often medicine, mining technology, etc.) and also Alzate represents himself as his own censor, an official at the centre discounting their the fine arts such as theater and poetry. Alzate editing out potentially offensive material. prejudices: “MI5 actually often functioned as himself conducted experiments and observa- French journals represented 91% of the a mollifying influence on the nervous police” tions (electricity, astronomy), wrote articles, extracts he printed, so that indebtedness, ig- (89). Yet there remains, when we learn of how and also extracted news from any books and noring Spanish sources, is significant. Politics completely the post-war CPGB had been periodicals from Europe on which he could was off-limits, despite the fact that the Bar- penetrated by MI5, an element of wonder at lay his hands and which he judged to be per- celona-printed El Pensador Matritense (1780?) how comprehensively they in their turn had tinent (he was a corresponding member of did discuss law and civil society. The Gazeta been bamboozled by Blunt and others. the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris and was closed down by Mexican administrators Smith can strike a dry note, as when not- of the Royal Botanical Garden in Madrid, for reasons that are not entirely clear, but it ing that the epilepsy that saved MacColl from as well as the Spanish Sociedad Bascongada, a is thought that two reasons were the Gazeta’s prosecution for desertion was not a condition philanthropic body in the Basque country). criticism of the viceroy and fear that French previously or subsequently apparent. The He often translated these selections and, in revolutionary events might spread violence little-known fact, established by his file, that addition, published letters from subscribers. in the colony. MacColl rejoined the CPGB in the early 1950s Valdez Garza’s book, then, makes several Valdez Garza’s background reading has leads, Smith suggests, to a re-understanding important points. The “sciences,” a focus of been extensive, taking in the work of Mexi- of the political networks within which Theatre this journal of Alzate’s (though she also brings can scholars but also theories of communica- Workshop operated; he asserts that the MI5 in material from other publications he wrote tion by, for example, Robert Darnton, Roger file, albeit inadvertently, therefore constitutes and edited), were a way residents of New Chartier, Dena Goodman, Jurgen Habermas, a valuable research resource. Elsewhere he Spain, under Spanish censorship, could talk and Hans Jauss. Their ideas about the privacy shows glints of something more than dryness, about new ideas; scientific literature permit- of reading, borrowing habits, authorial rights, coming close to contempt when describing ted challenges to authority and disputation in and censorship are suggestive for New Spain; Koestler’s ideological malleability. a way that earlier colonial literature did not. and she usefully reviews New Spain’s own ... / 32 32 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 31 evolution, which in the eighteenth century the structure of L’Apparition du Livre. First, and more wide-ranging perspective. saw an appetite for newsy periodical literature Jean-Dominique Mellot and Valérie Tesnière Indeed, the challenge does not consist in alongside other literary popularizations and retrace the publication history of L’Apparition studying the book for itself – though perfectly secularizations. Although she presents no du Livre and its influential contributions. A acceptable, this erudite performance verges new archival findings relative to the reader- synthesis between a tradition of erudition and on the sterile – but rather in using the book ship to which her title refers, her coverage of the École des Annales, the book ensues from to interrogate a particular society and its the implicit reader in Alzate’s text suggests a a history of problems: not only a medium social and historical context. Some contribu- literate elite increasingly self-aware and asser- for the history of ideas, it is also an object tors do not manage to achieve this – a sign tive. Questions, however, remain. Although by which to study the history of economics that reverting to a traditional history of the her book assumes that the readers of New (a “good”) and an object by which to analyse book, however interesting, remains both an Spain uniformly desired modernization ac- mental tools (a “ferment”). Significantly, easy and dangerous path to tread. Only a few cording to French and other northern Eu- Martin, who died in 2007, succeeded as early of the essays in this volume concern other ropean, English, and U.S. standards, scholars as 1958 in establishing a dialogue with other countries, and this gives an accurate picture like Isabel Terán supply contrary evidence. researchers, in particular linguists and an- of the current history of the book in France. Scientific developments in Mexico – mining thropologists. Importantly, though, there are a number of advancements and the work of Mexican sci- The second section contains contributions French specialists out there who wish to come entists such as Antonio León y Gama – made about the book as a “good.” Sabine Juratic together with researchers abroad and particu- their way to Europe, but how Alzate’s journal exposes brilliantly state-of-the-art research on larly with researchers from other disciplines, might have contributed to that transmission the commerce of books in eighteenth-century and one can only hope that this picture will is not clear. France, Alan Marshall gives a disturbing as- soon become a thing of the past. Valdez Garza’s study deserves praise for sessment of the limited research conducted sorting through existing scholarship and sug- on the technical , and Marie-Cécile Bouju gesting possibilities for new research. Pascal Durand and Tanguy Habrand discuss Université Paris 8, Vincennes Saint-Denis the status of the history of the book in trans. Claire Niemkoff Nancy Vogeley Belgium. The third section approaches the University of San Francisco, California book in terms of materiality. Varry comes back to the history of physical bibliography in France (including the decisive Anglo-Saxon c approach) and Michel Melot to Martin’s work on the image; the latter diverges from E-Resource Reviews strict history of art to investigate the book as a graphic object. In the fourth section, Dominique Varry, ed. 50 ans d’histoire du Christian Jacob (a specialist in Antiquity) and livre: 1958–2008. Villeurbanne: Presses de István Monok adopt an original approach, Dot Porter. The Manuscript Collation Project. l’enssib, 2014. 224p. ISBN 9791091281157. studying Central European private libraries Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Stud- €34 (paperback). in the modern period to analyse the book as ies. . This publication includes the conference is a prospective one: Robert Damien writes proceedings of the colloquium Cinquante on the subject of Gabriel Naudé; Raphaële Scholars who wish to work and teach from ans d’histoire du livre. De L’Apparition du Livre Mouren, perhaps more convincingly, on the particular medieval manuscripts are often (1958) à 2008: bilan et perspectives d’une discipline methodological analysis of sixteenth-century faced with a problem of access, limiting their scientifique, held in Lyons 11–13 December scholarly books; and Bertrand on the history interaction with these works to facsimiles, im- 2008 under the direction of Frédéric Barbier of libraries. ages gleaned from another scholar’s work, or and Dominique Varry. L’Apparition du Livre As both a conclusion and an answer to the the edited edition with its attendant apparatus, (translated into English as The Coming of the introductory anxieties expressed about the rather than coming as close to the intention Book in 2010), written by Lucien Febvre, co- future of the discipline, Roger Chartier raises of the scribe who composed the work as founder of the École des Annales, and young a number of additional issues in the epilogue. possible. In the Internet age, researchers and researcher Henri-Jean Martin, gave birth to These include the relationships between teachers have a number of high quality images a new history of the book. The colloquium manuscripts, printed documents, and digital of manuscripts available to them from places aimed to assess this scientific heritage while media; the intellectual and physical circulation like the Walters Art Museum or the British highlighting its major innovative aspects. of books; the role played by the codex in an Library. Often, though, these manuscripts Nonetheless, right from the start of their author’s construction of his work; and the re- are presented as decontextualized stacks of introduction, Varry and Anne-Marie Bertrand newal of physical bibliography brought about images and metadata. There is no sense of express concerns about the future of the his- by an interest in compositor studies. Chartier how large or small they are, or where in the tory of the book in France as an identified calls for the continuation of the École des codex they might be. Folio numbers are pro- and recognised field of research. Annales, advocating the use of a longer time- vided, but these require viewers to consider The chapters in the book are organised scale and thus considering the codex (and not the structure of the book abstractly rather into five sections, corresponding in part with just the printed document) from a broader than intuit it as they might if they picked up ... / 33 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 33

... / 32 a physical volume. Thus, in the attempt to Two additional elements of the site might (1600–1662), and the educational theorist Jan improve access and remove some of the limi- also benefit from further development and Amos Comenius (1592–1670). The legacy tations of facsimiles and edited editions, the explanation. The site lacks an introduction, site that archived the activities of this first organizational structure of the web obscures which could explain the impetus for the site, phase can be viewed at . Dot Porter, the Curator of Digital Re- diagrams, and how to navigate the codices The project is now at the end of its second search Services at the Schoenberg Institute presented. Including this information would phase (2013–14), and has created an impres- for Manuscript Studies, has made an impor- make the site more useful pedagogically. It is sive network of international collaborations, tant first step towards returning that physical also not immediately apparent that the shelf- including the Circulation of Knowledge and intuition of the structure of the codex and mark of the item links back to the catalog Learned Practices in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch the place of the text within it to the stacks of description in the archives Porter is drawing Republic (CKCC), the innovative epistolary images and associated metadata available with from. This is a useful feature I would like text-mining initiative based at Huygens ING, online resources with the Manuscript Collation to see either included in an introduction or and Mapping the Republic of Letters (MRofL), Project (full disclosure – I work with Porter on otherwise mentioned. These are minor is- the pioneering visualization project head- an unrelated project, the Medieval Electronic sues, however, that can be easily resolved, quartered at Stanford University. Scholarly Alliance). On this website, users are and should not be taken to detract from what The main goal of the CoK project is to presented not with a keyword search or image is currently a useful resource and will only capture the multilateral, spatially-dispersed browser, but with a list of manuscripts avail- become more so as additional manuscripts character of early modern epistolary cul- able, which privileges the codex as a whole. are included. tures, and to craft digital tools that meet Upon selecting a particular manuscript, they Matthew Evan Davis real scholarly needs, in order to develop “An are presented with a page showing each of North Carolina State University, Raleigh intellectual Geography of the seventeenth- the bifolia that make up the first quire of the century Republic of Letters.” text on the right-hand side of the screen, The project portal offers invaluable infor- and a diagram showing how the quire is mation – and this free of charge! – for schol- constructed on the left. Each bifolium repre- ars interested in correspondence networks. sented on the right is highlighted in white on c It offers rich fourfold resources access: its respective diagram, and the inactive bifolia Links, “A curated collection of essential early are represented in a light grey. Missing leaves modern epistolary resources; the most com- are represented in a darker grey, and rather Cultures of Knowledge: Networking the Republic prehensive collation of letter-related links on than simply ignored, they are represented in of Letters, 1550–1750. University of Oxford. the web (we think!)”; Seminar Podcasts, with the right-hand images by a white page with . case studies and seminars from 2010 to 2013; an X. This signification of missing pages is Texts, a repository of transcriptions and immediately understandable to the viewer, Cultures of Knowledge: Networking the Republic other raw text files submitted by contribu- and the method of highlighting, while not of Letters, 1550-–750 (CoK) is a resource based tors to EMLO and a select bibliography of immediately obvious, can be understood at the University of Oxford and funded by articles and books relating to the Republic very quickly. the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This of Letters; Videos, filmed papers from CofK Taken in combination, this method allows website, powered by WordPress, showcases conferences and workshops. the viewer to understand the relationship of an ambitious collaborative, interdisciplinary The most valuable tool offered by this the individual image to the structure of the research project established in 2009. Under portal is undoubtedly access to the Early physical codex. I would nevertheless like to the leadership of Professor Howard Hotson, Modern Letters Online (EMLO), a growing see it capture still more of the codex’s struc- a team of academics, technologists and fellows catalogue of sixteenth-, seventeenth-, and ture in its display on the web. Currently, quires are using digital methods to reassemble and eighteenth-century correspondence. Three are accessed via a drop-down menu that can interpret the correspondence networks of the guidelines were followed for this unique cata- be hard for a user to immediately notice, early modern period. logue – Collection, Curation, and Discovery since it is to the right of the manuscript’s In its first phase (2009–2012) the project – and 12 catalogues have been explored – re- shelfmark. This location on the page seems focused on the epistolary activities of John sulting, so far, in 61009 letters, 66277 letter counterintuitive as the eye is naturally drawn Aubrey (1626–97), one of the foremost versions, 59431 images, 32665 comments and to the diagrams and images of the manuscript gatherers and disseminators of learning in late 48232 related sources. pages. That dropdown menu might be better seventeenth-century England; Edward Lhwyd EMLO gives access to the Bodleian card positioned either at the top of the actual con- (c.1660–1709), the second Keeper of the Ash- catalogue and combines epistolary metadata tent portion of the page or replaced entirely molean Museum, and an important natural- from eight contributing catalogues and col- with a list of all of the quires and their associ- ist, archaeologist, and linguist; Martin Lister lections. In addition to the correspondence ated diagrams. When a user selects a diagram, (1639–1712), a prominent Fellow of the Royal of the above mentioned scholars, it explores the images of its bifolia would then become Society; and John Wallis (1616–1703), one of the letters of John Selden (1584–1654), a available. I would also like to see an additional the leading mathematicians of the seventeenth jurist, historian, hebraist, and polymath. layer for the palimpsests to provide what is century. It also examined the correspondence Thanks to the metadata it is possible to map visible via normal light as well as what can be networks of two compelling seventeenth-cen- the exchanges between these scholars, sci- seen via multispectral imaging. tury figures: the intelligencer Samuel Hartlib entists, philosophers or literati. For example ... / 34 34 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 33 the “heat map” of Hartlib’s correspondents Legacy Libraries. LibraryThing. . fields (or clear these out if they are added), also reaches Transylvania and Poland, Sweden and make a note in the Comments field (I and Denmark, Greece and Portugal, as well The Legacy Libraries project is a website usually use ‘Precise edition unknown’) that as the English colonies in the New World. where volunteers breathe life into long-dead the specific edition is unknown. No data is The letters bring invaluable socio-historical readers. Just as we can visit Mount Vernon better than bad data.” This is a sensible way to data, about the Thirty Years’ War in central and see a historical reenactor speak to us as frame the task in front of volunteers. It also Europe, the civil wars in the British Isles, the if she were a household slave, a historical reflects what participatory curation projects Reformation, and many other topics. These figure may tell visitors to this site something like this are up against. Such projects work are the data that build a broad “intellectual along these lines: “Eugene Aram was my on a general assumption that users of the geography”. favorite novel, and Bulwer-Lytton is by far site will take this work seriously and discharge Exploring EMLO, I typed “Buchanan” my favorite writer!” their editorial duties – done manually and ad (Buchanan George, 1506–1582) and came LibraryThing (LT), the Legacy Libraries par- hoc – with great care, and I think this is a safe up with one page of results. This search in- ent site at , assumption. But we can expect a massive formed me that EMLO records 14 letters by is a very active online space where readers project like this to develop a little unevenly. Buchanan sent to 8 recipients. I was a little can post books they have read. LT makes Some wet paint and exposed wiring are to disappointed, because the letters themselves cataloging personal libraries easy. LT mem- be expected. are not available, only the Bodleian catalogue bers can search by title, author, Library of Since this project was launched in 2005, card with an abstract of the letter. I was Congress number, ISBN, and so on. After more than 150 accounts for historical figures luckier with “Komenský” (Comenius). I came adding books, members of the community have been declared complete, and more than up with 18 pages and 857 results. I picked out can post reviews, comment, tag books, post to 50 are currently in development. a letter dated 4 January 1634 and addressed to discussion boards about books and authors, At a glance, a student or scholar can André Rivet, a French theologian at the Uni- and in turn find recommendations of other see connections among books and among versity of Leiden: here the scribal copy was books to read. LT’s website makes it clear readers. For example, we can find Benjamin provided. The letter is clearly and elegantly that the information aggregated there may Franklin in the list of signatories to the Dec- written in Latin. It is incredible to have access not be private, but promises that it will not laration of Independence, but not in the list- to it so easily! I picked up another letter dated be associated with identifiable users. This ing of eighteenth-century readers (although 19 April 1635 and sent to representatives of site is bustling with activity and enthusiastic Frankenstein’s monster does make the list of church and school administration in Bremen: conversation. eighteenth-century readers). this letter can be seen both in its scribal and The Legacy Libraries project takes all of Landing on Franklin’s profile, we see a list printed version (dated 1933). The left side of the functions LT provides to contemporary of books he owned, and under “About my the screen provides a very useful synthesis: readers and extends them to historical readers. library,” authoritative sources for the listings author, recipient, origin of letter, destination A link to the Legacy Libraries project can be – in this case largely Edwin Wolf and Kevin of letter, catalogue, year. So depending on the found on the footer of every page on the site. Hayes, The Library of Benjamin Franklin (2006). search, one will access a catalogue record or To make this work, LT members are asked to Benjamin Franklin’s “wall” is a place where the full letter, scribal and/or printed – though create new accounts in the names of historic readers can post suggestions for improve- this distinction cannot be ascertained from figures (sometimes referred to in documenta- ments to the profile. The “Reviews” tab lists the results screen. tion as simply “Dead People’s” accounts) like excerpts from his correspondence and his Au- Unfortunately some links do not work – in Virginia Woolf or Benjamin Franklin, or even tobiography. Franklin’s “author cloud” lists the particular the link “Hartlib in EMLO.” How- a non-person, like the HMS Beagle. authors of books covered in his profile, with ever EMLO is a very promising research tool The same LT tools used to add books by the relative size of each name reflecting the and I can’t wait to see its sister project, Women’s contemporary readers are used to add books representation of an author in his library (we Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO)! The for historic figures. Volunteers on the project should still recognize a difference between a project, a collaboration between the Univer- are advised to use LT’s discussion fora to historical person’s library and what is reflected sity of Plymouth and the University of Vic- recruit members and broadcast an account’s in LT). If we click on Jean-Jacques Rousseau toria, has been launched in 2013 and will give password, and to work from authoritative (a large name in Franklin’s author cloud) we access to metadata, descriptions, and images sources (according to the site, “including pub- see the author’s page, which displays informa- of around 3,000 letters from Tudor women. lished bibliographies, auction catalogs, library tion about his reception by all LT users (peo- In sum, Cultures of Knowledge is a must-see holdings, manuscript lists, wills and probate ple alive now) and by Legacy Libraries accounts for every scholar interested in Early Modern inventories, and personal inspection of extant (dead persons). Results for the two groups are intellectual networks! copies”). The content of interactive functions listed separately. In the latter group, Franklin Véronique Duché such as tagging and book reviews are required is the second most prolific reader of Rous- The University of Melbourne to be in the voice of the subject reader. seau, after Alexander Pushkin, and followed Even for scholars, it is challenging to as- by Leonard and Virginia Woolf, Marquis de certain edition information on every book in Sade, and John Adams (what is represented a historic figure’s library. The site offers this is how many books they held, not how many advice: “If the specific edition of the book they read). This information is fragmentary, isn’t known (this happens quite often), please but can lead to discoveries. ... / 35 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2 2015 d 35

... / 34 Legacy Libraries is like other contemporary either linked to an external website where one crowd-sourced projects, from Galaxy Zoo to can read the scanned document, or they are Bibliography Transcribe Bentham to Wikipedia. It relies on the available on the Vault site through a full text work of volunteers, and so its development viewer (which is also searchable). Thus, it is may be uneven, but it is constantly improv- a treasure trove for literary, historical, book General ing. LibraryThing’s Legacy Libraries project history, or bibliographic research. Carolene Ayaka and Ian Hague. Repre- will surely be of interest to SHARP members Charles Pfaff ’s bar was also something of senting Multiculturalism in Comics and Graphic both as a source of information and as a a treasure trove – a beer cellar on Broadway Novels. New York: Routledge, 2015. ISBN possible venue to bring their own research with low-ceilings and dim lighting, full of 9781138025158. to the public. The crowd-sourced project in interesting people. By some accounts, Pfaff ’s Naomi S. Baron. Words Onscreen: The tracking historical readership involves both was a place to engage in rich debate and dis- Fate of Reading in a Digital World. Oxford: amateur and professional scholars. Additional cussion about art and literature while others Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN contributions from our community could be characterized it as a trysting place. Most likely, 9780199315765. made much more vibrant. it was both. All agree that the social networks Sabrina Corbellini, Margriet Hoogvliet, Alan Bilansky among Pfaffians were what made it unique. and Bart Ramakers, eds. Discovering the Riches University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign The Vault at Pfaff’s recognizes the significance of the Word: Religious Reading in Late Medieval of those connections and even allows users and Early Modern Europe. Boston: Brill, 2015. to search the biographies according to rela- ISBN 9789004290389. tionships. For instance, one could look for Samantha Ellis. How to Be a Heroine, or, c all the other Pfaffians who were connected What I’ve Learned from Reading Too Much. to Walt Whitman, the man who made Pfaff ’s New York: Vintage Books, 2015. ISBN famous. The results are sorted according to 9781101872093. Edward Whitely and Rob Weidman, eds. The acquaintances (Horace Greeley), antagonists William H. Gass. Life Sentences: Literary Vault at Pfaff’s. Waldo Emerson), friends (Ada Clare), and lov- Archive Press, 2015. ISBN 9781564789174. ers (Henry Clapp, Jr.). Some figures appear in Susan Greenberg. Editors Talk About “The vault at Pfaffs where the drinkers and multiple categories, and so the site is able to Editing: Insights for Readers, Writers and Pub- laughers meet to eat and drink and carouse.” capture the fluid nature of the relationships lishers. New York: Peter Lang, 2015. ISBN So begins an unfinished poem by Walt Whit- at Pfaff ’s. 9781433120046. man about a popular spot in Manhattan dur- In the classroom, teachers might use The Mohsin Hamid. Discontent and Its Civiliza- ing the mid-nineteenth century: Pfaff ’s Bar. Vault at Pfaff’s to introduce students to indi- tions: Dispatches from Lahore, New York, and From its opening in 1855, Pfaff ’s was a hub vidual authors or artists, the Bohemians as a London. New York: Riverhead, 2015. ISBN in a network of artists and writers ‑ the first movement, or groups within it like the Bees 9781594633652. self-described bohemians. Today, scholars or the West 42nd Coterie. The materials on Fiona Maine. Dialogic Readers: Children Talk- of American literature, art, print history, and this site can easily be incorporated in courses ing and Thinking Together About Visual Texts. culture can carouse along with the Pfaffians on popular media and periodicals, New York Abingdon, UK and New York: Routledge, through an extraordinary online resource, publishing, or nineteenth-century art and 2015. ISBN 9780415728072. The Vault at Pfaff’s, co-directed by Edward culture, just to name a few. Alberto Manguel. Curiosity. New Haven, Whitely and Rob Weidman and supported by The Vault at Pfaff’s has recently been up- CT: Yale University Press, 2015. ISBN the Digital Library and the Web and Mobile graded, making browsing and searches even 9780300184785. Services Team at Lehigh University. easier with clearer graphics and text. The Ander Monson. Letter to a Future Lover: The Vault at Pfaff’s digitally recreates the site has been peer-reviewed and endorsed by Marginalia, Errata, Secrets, Inscriptions, and bohemian network with roughly 150 biogra- NINES, a scholarly collective for digital hu- Other Ephemera Found in Libraries. Minne- phies of the many poets, playwrights, novel- manities projects based out of the University apolis, MN: Graywolf Press, 2015. ISBN ists, journalists, and artists who met at the of Virginia. With the volume of material care- 9781555977061. bar in the nineteenth century. Also accessible fully indexed and readily searchable, The Vault Tim Parks. Where I’m Reading From: through the site are over 4,000 (and count- at Pfaff’s is truly a model of a digital resource The Changing World of Books. New York: ing) full texts from Vanity Fair and the New that scholars, teachers, and students alike can New York Review Books, 2015. ISBN York Saturday Press, which “began around the digitally gather around the tables at Pfaff’s. 9781590178843. tables at Pfaff’s bar” (Works). Many Pfaffians James Procter and Bethan Benwell. Read- contributed to these journals and the New Sarah Schuetze. ing across Worlds : Transnational Book Groups and York Leader, another periodical accessible University of Kentucky, Lexington the Reception of Difference. Basingstoke, UK and through The Vault at Pfaff’s. Visitors to the New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. ISBN site will find thousands of texts annotated 9781137276391. with primary and secondary resources. One Kathryn M. Rudy. Postcards on Parchment: can search the “Works” by or about Pfaffians The Social Lives of Medieval Books. New Ha- according to the author/creator, keyword, ven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015. ISBN or genre. Users will find that most items are 9780300209891. ... / 36 36 c 2015 SHARP News Vol. 24, no. 2

... / 35 David L. Russell. Literature for Children: United Kingdom University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. ISBN A Short Introduction. Boston: Pearson, 2015. Matthew Bradley and Juliet John, eds. Read- 9780812247084. ISBN 9780133522266. ing and the Victorians. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, Tracy Curtis. New Media in Black Women’s Leonard Shatzkin. In Cold Type: Overcoming 2015. ISBN 9781409440802. Autobiography: Intrepid Embodiment and Narrative the Book Crisis. New York: Idea Logical Press, Jennifer Clement. Reading Humility in Early Innovation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. ISBN 9780878380268. Modern England. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015. ISBN 9781137428851. Rand J. Spiro et al., eds. Reading at a 2015. ISBN 9781472453778. Frank Felsenstein and James J. Connolly. Crossroads?: Disjunctures and Continuities in Catherine Delafield. Serialization and the What Middletown Read: Print Culture in an Ameri- Conceptions and Practices of Reading in the 21st Novel in Mid-Victorian Magazines. Burlington, can Small City. Amherst: University of Massa- Century. New York: Routledge, 2015. ISBN VT: Ashgate, 2015. ISBN 9781472450906. chusetts Press, 2015. ISBN 9781625341402. 9780415891684. Zach Dundas. The Great Detective: The Tom Glynn. Reading Publics: New York Karl Simms. Hans-Georg Gadam- Amazing Rise and Immortal Life of Sherlock City’s Public Libraries, 1754–1911. New er. New York: Routledge, 2015. ISBN Holmes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, York: Empire State Editions, an imprint 9780415493086. 2015. ISBN 9780544214040. of Fordham University Press, 2015. ISBN Sabine van Wesemael and Suze van der Wendy W. Fairey. Bookmarked: Reading 9780823262649. Poll, eds. The Return of the Narrative: The Call My Way from Hollywood to Brooklyn. New Gail Godwin and Frances Halsband. for the Novel | Le Retour à la narration: Le Désir York: Arcade Publishing, 2015. ISBN Publishing: A Writer’s Memoir. New York: du roman. Frankfurt am Main and New York: 9781628725377. Bloomsbury, 2015. ISBN 9781620408247. Peter Lang, 2015. ISBN 9783631652107. Mary Hammond. Charles Dickens’s Great Albert N. Greco. The Economics of the Pub- Expectations: A Cultural Life, 1860–2012. lishing and Information Industries: The Search for Bulgaria Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015. ISBN Yield in a Disintermediated World. New York: Vasil Zagorov. Bălgarskata kniga: (1878– 9781409425878. Routledge, 2015. ISBN 9781138824799. 1912): ot văzroždenskija ideal do komercial- Graham Jefcoate. Deutsche Drucker Und Heather A. Haveman. Magazines and the izacijata [The Bulgarian book (1878–1912): Buchhändler in London. Berlin, München, Making of America: Modernization, Community, From the Revival to Commercialization]. Sofia: and Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. ISBN and Print Culture, 1741–1860. Princeton, NJ: Za bukvite – O Pismeneh, 2014. ISBN 9783110311204. Princeton University Press, 2015. ISBN 9786191850020. Mary L. Shannon. Dickens, Reynolds, and 9780691164403. Mayhew on Wellington Street: The Print Culture of a Anna D. Jaroszynska-Kirchmann. The France Victorian Street. Farnham, UK and Burlington, Polish Hearst: Ameryka-Echo and the Public Role Michael Call. The Would-Be Author: Molière VT: Ashgate, 2015. ISBN 9781472442048. of the Immigrant Press. Urbana: University of and the Comedy of Print. West Lafayette, Natasha Simonova. Early Modern Au- Illinois Press, 2015. ISBN 9780252039096. IN: Purdue University Press, 2015. ISBN thorship and Prose Continuations: Adaptation Emily Knox. Book Banning in 21st-Century 9781557537089. and Ownership from Sidney to Richardson. New America. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. ISBN 2015. ISBN 9781442231672. Germany 9781137474124. Paper Camera : A Half Century with New Sarah L. Leonard. Fragile Minds and David Werther and Susan Werther, eds. Rivers Press. [S.l.]: New Rivers Press, 2015. Vulnerable Souls: The Matter of Obscenity in C. S. Lewis’s List: The Ten Books That Influenced ISBN 9780898233001. Nineteenth-Century Germany. Philadelphia: Him Most. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, Pat Scales. Books under Fire: A Hit List University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. ISBN 2015. ISBN 9781628924145. of Banned and Challenged Children’s Books. 9780812246704. Chicago: ALA Editions, an imprint of the David Oels and Ute Schneider, eds. “Der United States American Library Association, 2015. ISBN Ganze Verlag Ist Einfach Eine Bonbonniere”: Kim Becnel. The Rise of Corporate Publishing 9780838911099. Ullstein in Der Ersten Hälfte Des 20. Jahrhunderts. and Its Effects on Authorship in Early Twentieth Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. ISBN Century America. London: Routledge, 2014. N.B. A reminder from the bibliographer 9783110337082. ISBN 9780415762472. that all new items in the SHARP News bibli- Harold Bloom. The Daemon Knows: Lit- ography are also available in LibraryThing at: India erary Greatness and the American Sublime. . temporary India: Uncultured Books and Bib- 9780812997828. liographical Sociology. Basingstoke, UK and George Braziller. Encounters: A Memoir. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. ISBN New York: George Braziller, 2015. ISBN 9781137489289. 9780807600160. Ardis Cameron. Unbuttoning America: A Japan Biography of Peyton Place and the Unquiet Reader. Mark J. McLelland et al., eds. Boys Love Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2015. ISBN Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Com- 9780801453649. munity in Japan. Jackson: University Press of Michael C. Cohen. The Social Lives of Poems Mississippi, 2015. ISBN 9781628461190. in Nineteenth-Century America. Philadelphia: