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Linguistics Development Team
Development Team Principal Investigator: Prof. Pramod Pandey Centre for Linguistics / SLL&CS Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Email: [email protected] Paper Coordinator: Prof. K. S. Nagaraja Department of Linguistics, Deccan College Post-Graduate Research Institute, Pune- 411006, [email protected] Content Writer: Prof. K. S. Nagaraja Prof H. S. Ananthanarayana Content Reviewer: Retd Prof, Department of Linguistics Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007 Paper : Historical and Comparative Linguistics Linguistics Module : Indo-Aryan Language Family Description of Module Subject Name Linguistics Paper Name Historical and Comparative Linguistics Module Title Indo-Aryan Language Family Module ID Lings_P7_M1 Quadrant 1 E-Text Paper : Historical and Comparative Linguistics Linguistics Module : Indo-Aryan Language Family INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE FAMILY The Indo-Aryan migration theory proposes that the Indo-Aryans migrated from the Central Asian steppes into South Asia during the early part of the 2nd millennium BCE, bringing with them the Indo-Aryan languages. Migration by an Indo-European people was first hypothesized in the late 18th century, following the discovery of the Indo-European language family, when similarities between Western and Indian languages had been noted. Given these similarities, a single source or origin was proposed, which was diffused by migrations from some original homeland. This linguistic argument is supported by archaeological and anthropological research. Genetic research reveals that those migrations form part of a complex genetical puzzle on the origin and spread of the various components of the Indian population. Literary research reveals similarities between various, geographically distinct, Indo-Aryan historical cultures. The Indo-Aryan migrations started in approximately 1800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia. -
PROCEEDING BOOK Editor: Mehmet Yaman
rd 3 ICABC 2021 3rd International Congress on Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry PROCEEDING BOOK Editor: Mehmet Yaman 22-26 March 2021-Online-Turkey 1 22-26 March 2021-Online-Turkey 2 3 3rd ICABC 2021 Preface The organizing committee of the 3rd ICABC 2021 would like to welcome all participants to the "3rd International Congress on Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ", held as online between 22-26 March 2021. The 3rd ICABC 2021 was started two years ago and covers all areas of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry as well as applications of Chemical and Biochemical Analysis. The scientific congress program consists of 10 sessions that include 18 invited and 52 oral presentations as well as 5 virtuals to be presented in the respective sessions. In addition, researchers of Academia (48 universities from 10 countries) and Research Institutes will present up-to-date developments on analytical and bioanalytical chemistry as well as applications to a wide range of environmental, biological and food matrices. We strongly believe that the discussions and the exchange of ideas among the participants during the 5 days of the meeting will make 3rd ICABC a brilliant platform to initiate new research collaborations, particularly in favor of the young scientists participating in the conference. We wish you all to enjoy this conference and have a pleasant to joining, hoping to meet you again during the next ICABCs. With our best regards The Chair (on behalf of Organizing Committee) Prof. Dr. Mehmet YAMAN Firat University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Elazig-Turkey 4 ICABC 2021 COMMITTEES INVITED SPEAKERS Antony Calokerinos (Athen U/GR) Sezgin Bakirdere (Yildiz Tech. -
Republic of Iraq
Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement -
In the Late Bronze
ARCHAEOLOGY INTERNATIONAL Hittites and "barbarians" in the Late Bronze Age: regional survey in northern Turkey Roger Matthews The Hittites have attracted less attention fr om British archae ologists than other Bronze Age states of ancient Southwest Asia, and yet in the second millennium BC they controlled most of Anatolia and at the peak of their power they even conquered eHattusa Babylon. Here the Director of the British Institute of Archaeol ogy at Ankara describes new research on the northwest fr ontier •Gordion of the Hi ttite empire. Ku�akli• -t its peak the Hittite state of linen", probably disparagingly, but were the Late Bronze Age was one prepared to sit down and negotiate with ANATOLIA of the most powerful political them on the many occasions when military Aentities ever to have arisen in action failed to subdue them. However, in southwestern Asia. The Hit archaeological terms we know little about tites held sway over almost the whole of the Kaska people or about the landscapes Anatolia (modern Asiatic Turkey) and, in which they lived, despite their proxim sporadically, over large swathes of adja ity to Hattusa and their undoubted signif cent territory too. The high point of Hittite icance in the evolution of the Hittite state. expansion came with the capture of Baby Ion in 1595 BC by Mursili I, which brought Project Paphlagonia and the Late to a violent end the 300-year-old First Bronze Age landscape of northern N Dynasty ofBabylon, of which Hammurabi Tu rkey was the dominant figure. But a marked In 1997 I began a five-year programme of characteristic of the Hittite state is the multi-period regional survey, on behalf of t rapidity and severity with which the the British Institute of Archaeology at extent of its territory waxed and waned. -
Contacts: Crete, Egypt, and the Near East Circa 2000 B.C
Malcolm H. Wiener major Akkadian site at Tell Leilan and many of its neighboring sites were abandoned ca. 2200 B.C.7 Many other Syrian sites were abandoned early in Early Bronze (EB) IVB, with the final wave of destruction and aban- donment coming at the end of EB IVB, Contacts: Crete, Egypt, about the end of the third millennium B.c. 8 In Canaan there was a precipitous decline in the number of inhabited sites in EB III— and the Near East circa IVB,9 including a hiatus posited at Ugarit. In Cyprus, the Philia phase of the Early 2000 B.C. Bronze Age, "characterised by a uniformity of material culture indicating close connec- tions between different parts of the island"10 and linked to a broader eastern Mediterra- This essay examines the interaction between nean interaction sphere, broke down, per- Minoan Crete, Egypt, the Levant, and Ana- haps because of a general collapse of tolia in the twenty-first and twentieth cen- overseas systems and a reduced demand for turies B.c. and briefly thereafter.' Cypriot copper." With respect to Egypt, Of course contacts began much earlier. Donald Redford states that "[t]he incidence The appearance en masse of pottery of Ana- of famine increases in the late 6th Dynasty tolian derivation in Crete at the beginning and early First Intermediate Period, and a of Early Minoan (EM) I, around 3000 B.C.,2 reduction in rainfall and the annual flooding together with some evidence of destructions of the Nile seems to have afflicted northeast and the occupation of refuge sites at the time, Africa with progressive desiccation as the suggests the arrival of settlers from Anatolia. -
The Emergence of the Light, Horse-Drawn Chariot in the Near-East C. 2000-1500 B.C. Author(S): P. R. S. Moorey Source: World Archaeology, Vol
The Emergence of the Light, Horse-Drawn Chariot in the Near-East c. 2000-1500 B.C. Author(s): P. R. S. Moorey Source: World Archaeology, Vol. 18, No. 2, Weaponry and Warfare (Oct., 1986), pp. 196-215 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/124615 Accessed: 06-11-2015 06:35 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to World Archaeology. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 141.211.4.224 on Fri, 06 Nov 2015 06:35:53 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Tlhe emergence of the light, horse-drawn chariot in the Near-East c. 2000-1500 B.C.* The recent appearance of three richly documented monographs assembling the diverse and often complex evidence for riding and traction in the pre-classical societies of the Near East and Europe (Littauer and Crouwel 1979: Crouwel 1981: Piggott 1983) provides an opportunity for reassessing a number of critical issues in the earliest history of the light, horse-drawn chariot, whose arrival in many ancient communities has long been seen as a source of significant change in politics and society. -
Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean C.1400 BC–1000 BC
Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean c.1400 BC–1000 BC RAFFAELE D’AMATO ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & ANDREA SALIMBETI© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com &MJUFt Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean c.1400 BC–1000 BC ANDREA SALIMBETI ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & RAFFAELE D’AMATO Series editor Martin Windrow © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 CHRONOLOGY 6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & SOURCES 7 5IFXBSTPG3BNFTTFT** .FSOFQUBIBOE3BNFTTFT*** 0UIFSTPVSDFT IDENTIFICATION OF GROUPS 12 Sherden Peleset 5KFLLFS %FOZFO 4IFLFMFTI &LXFTI Teresh ,BSLJTB-VLLB 8FTIFTI .FSDFOBSZTFSWJDF 1JSBDZ CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT 31 $MPUIJOH %FGFOTJWFFRVJQNFOUIFMNFUToTIJFMEToCPEZBSNPVST 8FBQPOTTQFBSTBOEKBWFMJOToTXPSET EBHHFSTBOENBDFT̓ MILITARY ORGANIZATION 39 $PNQPTJUJPOPGUIFIPTUEFQJDUFEJOUIF.FEJOFU)BCVSFMJFGT Leadership TACTICS 44 8BSDIBSJPUT 4JFHFXBSGBSF /BWBMXBSGBSFBOETFBCPSOFSBJET ‘THE WAR OF THE EIGHTH YEAR’, 1191 OR 1184 BC 49 5IFJOWBTJPO The land battle The sea battle "GUFSNBUI BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 INDEX 64 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com SEA PEOPLES OF THE BRONZE AGE MEDITERRANEAN c.1400 BC–1000 BC INTRODUCTION The term ‘Sea Peoples’ is given today to various seaborne raiders and invaders from a loose confederation of clans who troubled the Aegean, the Near East and Egypt during the final period of the Bronze Age in the second half of the "QSJTPOFSDBQUVSFECZUIF 2nd millennium BC. &HZQUJBOT QPTTJCMZB1FMFTFU XBSSJPS XFBSJOHBUZQJDBM Though the Egyptians presumably knew the homelands -
2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
Separating Fact from Fiction in the Aiolian Migration
hesperia yy (2008) SEPARATING FACT Pages399-430 FROM FICTION IN THE AIOLIAN MIGRATION ABSTRACT Iron Age settlementsin the northeastAegean are usuallyattributed to Aioliancolonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This articlereviews the literary accounts of the migration and presentsthe relevantarchaeological evidence, with a focuson newmaterial from Troy. No onearea played a dominantrole in colonizing Aiolis, nor is sucha widespread colonizationsupported by the archaeologicalrecord. But the aggressive promotionof migrationaccounts after the PersianWars provedmutually beneficialto bothsides of theAegean and justified the composition of the Delian League. Scholarlyassessments of habitation in thenortheast Aegean during the EarlyIron Age are remarkably consistent: most settlements are attributed toAiolian colonists who had journeyed across the Aegean from Thessaly, Boiotia,Akhaia, or a combinationof all three.1There is no uniformityin theancient sources that deal with the migration, although Orestes and his descendantsare named as theleaders in mostaccounts, and are credited withfounding colonies over a broadgeographic area, including Lesbos, Tenedos,the western and southerncoasts of theTroad, and theregion betweenthe bays of Adramyttion and Smyrna(Fig. 1). In otherwords, mainlandGreece has repeatedly been viewed as theagent responsible for 1. TroyIV, pp. 147-148,248-249; appendixgradually developed into a Mountjoy,Holt Parker,Gabe Pizzorno, Berard1959; Cook 1962,pp. 25-29; magisterialstudy that is includedhere Allison Sterrett,John Wallrodt, Mal- 1973,pp. 360-363;Vanschoonwinkel as a companionarticle (Parker 2008). colm Wiener, and the anonymous 1991,pp. 405-421; Tenger 1999, It is our hope that readersinterested in reviewersfor Hesperia. Most of trie pp. 121-126;Boardman 1999, pp. 23- the Aiolian migrationwill read both articlewas writtenin the Burnham 33; Fisher2000, pp. -
The Limits of Middle Babylonian Archives1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenstarTs The Limits of Middle Babylonian Archives1 susanne paulus Middle Babylonian Archives Archives and archival records are one of the most important sources for the un- derstanding of the Babylonian culture.2 The definition of “archive” used for this article is the one proposed by Pedersén: «The term “archive” here, as in some other studies, refers to a collection of texts, each text documenting a message or a statement, for example, letters, legal, economic, and administrative documents. In an archive there is usually just one copy of each text, although occasionally a few copies may exist.»3 The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the archives of the Middle Babylonian Period (ca. 1500-1000 BC),4 which are often 1 All kudurrus are quoted according to Paulus 2012a. For a quick reference on the texts see the list of kudurrus in table 1. 2 For an introduction into Babylonian archives see Veenhof 1986b; for an overview of differ- ent archives of different periods see Veenhof 1986a and Brosius 2003a. 3 Pedersén 1998; problems connected to this definition are shown by Brosius 2003b, 4-13. 4 This includes the time of the Kassite dynasty (ca. 1499-1150) and the following Isin-II-pe- riod (ca. 1157-1026). All following dates are BC, the chronology follows – willingly ignoring all linked problems – Gasche et. al. 1998. the limits of middle babylonian archives 87 left out in general studies,5 highlighting changes in respect to the preceding Old Babylonian period and problems linked with the material. -
Hanigalbat and the Land Hani
Arnhem (nl) 2015 – 3 Anatolia in the bronze age. © Joost Blasweiler student Leiden University - [email protected] Hanigal9bat and the land Hana. From the annals of Hattusili I we know that in his 3rd year the Hurrian enemy attacked his kingdom. Thanks to the text of Hattusili I (“ruler of Kussara and (who) reign the city of Hattusa”) we can be certain that c. 60 years after the abandonment of the city of Kanesh, Hurrian armies extensively entered the kingdom of Hatti. Remarkable is that Hattusili mentioned that it was not a king or a kingdom who had attacked, but had used an expression “the Hurrian enemy”. Which might point that formerly attacks, raids or wars with Hurrians armies were known by Hattusili king of Kussara. And therefore the threatening expression had arisen in Hittite: “the Hurrian enemy”. Translation of Gary Beckman 2008, The Ancient Near East, editor Mark W. Chavalas, 220. The cuneiform texts of the annal are bilingual: Babylonian and Nesili (Hittite). Note: 16. Babylonian text: ‘the enemy from Ḫanikalbat entered my land’. The Babylonian text of the bilingual is more specific: “the enemy of Ḫanigal9 bat”. Therefore the scholar N.B. Jankowska1 thought that apparently the Hurrian kingdom Hanigalbat had existed probably from an earlier date before the reign of Hattusili i.e. before c. 1650 BC. Normally with the term Mittani one is pointing to the mighty Hurrian kingdom of the 15th century BC 2. Ignace J. Gelb reported 3 on “the dragomans of the Habigalbatian soldiers/workers” in an Old Babylonian tablet of Amisaduqa, who was a contemporary with Hattusili I. -
M. Witzel (2003) Sintashta, BMAC and the Indo-Iranians. a Query. [Excerpt
M. Witzel (2003) Sintashta, BMAC and the Indo-Iranians. A query. [excerpt from: Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia] (to appear in : Sino-Platonic Papers 129) Transhumance, Trickling in, Immigration of Steppe Peoples There is no need to underline that the establishment of a BMAC substrate belt has grave implications for the theory of the immigration of speakers of Indo-Iranian languages into Greater Iran and then into the Panjab. By and large, the body of words taken over into the Indo-Iranian languages in the BMAC area, necessarily by bilingualism, closes the linguistic gap between the Urals and the languages of Greater Iran and India. Uralic and Yeneseian were situated, as many IIr. loan words indicate, to the north of the steppe/taiga boundary of the (Proto-)IIr. speaking territories (§2.1.1). The individual IIr. languages are firmly attested in Greater Iran (Avestan, O.Persian, Median) as well as in the northwestern Indian subcontinent (Rgvedic, Middle Vedic). These materials, mentioned above (§2.1.) and some more materials relating to religion (Witzel forthc. b) indicate an early habitat of Proto- IIr. in the steppes south of the Russian/Siberian taiga belt. The most obvious linguistic proofs of this location are the FU words corresponding to IIr. Arya "self-designation of the IIr. tribes": Pre-Saami *orja > oarji "southwest" (Koivulehto 2001: 248), ārjel "Southerner", and Finnish orja, Votyak var, Syry. ver "slave" (Rédei 1986: 54). In other words, the IIr. speaking area may have included the S. Ural "country of towns" (Petrovka, Sintashta, Arkhaim) dated at c.