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Chinafrique : Un Choc Économique Important, Mais Qu’En Est-Il De La Dimension Culturelle ?

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Chinafrique : Un Choc Économique Important, Mais Qu’En Est-Il De La Dimension Culturelle ? Copie Juré Copie Conseiller Copie Infothèque Chinafrique : un choc économique important, mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? Travail de Bachelor réalisé en vue de l’obtention du Bachelor HES par : Rachel Brühwiler Conseiller au travail de Bachelor : Paolo Baracchini Genève, 12 juillet 2020 Haute École de Gestion de Genève (HEG-GE) Filière Economie d’Entreprise Déclaration Ce travail de Bachelor est réalisé dans le cadre de l’examen final de la Haute Ecole de Gestion de Genève, en vue de l’obtention du titre de Bachelor of Science en économie d’entreprise. L’étudiant a envoyé ce document par email à l'adresse d'analyse remise par son conseiller au travail de Bachelor pour analyse par le logiciel de détection de plagiat URKUND. http://www.urkund.com/fr/student/392-urkund-faq L’étudiant atteste avoir réalisé seul-e le présent travail, sans avoir utilisé des sources autres que celles citées dans la bibliographie L’étudiant accepte, le cas échéant, la clause de confidentialité. L'utilisation des conclusions et recommandations formulées dans le travail de Bachelor, sans préjuger de leur valeur, n'engage ni la responsabilité de l'auteur, ni celle du conseiller au travail de Bachelor, du juré et de la HEG. Chinafrique : un choc économique important, mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? BRÜHWILER, Rachel i Remerciements Je tiens à remercier tout particulièrement ma famille qui m’a soutenue tout au long de ces longs mois de recherche et d’écriture de ce travail de Bachelor. Un grand merci à mon conseiller de Bachelor, Monsieur Paolo Baracchini qui a toujours pris le temps de répondre à mes questions, de relire mon travail et de faire des retours constructifs pour me permettre de rendre la meilleure version possible de ce papier. Et enfin, un remerciement particulier à ma maman qui a assidûment relu et corrigé les nombreuses fautes d’orthographe et de grammaire pour permettre une lecture fluide et agréable de ce travail. Chinafrique : un choc économique important, mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? BRÜHWILER, Rachel ii Résumé Ce travail de Bachelor vise à répondre à la problématique « Chinafrique, un choc économique important mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? ». Cette question de recherche a notamment pour objectif de démontrer l’importance grandissante des rapports économiques sino-africains puis de définir de quelle manière l’aspect culturel impacte la relation des deux géants. La première partie de ce travail porte sur le versant économique de la relation sino- africaine qui a pris une large ampleur depuis une vingtaine d’années. Elle met en lumière les principaux intérêts de la Chine dans la conquête du continent africain, notamment en abordant le fameux projet chinois : l’Initiative de la Ceinture et de la Route. Elle analyse également le concept « gagnant-gagnant » martelé dans les discours des officiels chinois et apporte un regard critique sur toute cette dimension économique. La deuxième partie concerne la dimension culturelle entre la Chine et l’Afrique et définit le concept de soft power qui est rattaché à la culture. La culture chinoise ainsi que deux cultures africaines, soit la kényane et l’angolaise, sont détaillées. Un résumé des éventuels chocs et similitudes qui apparaitraient lors de la rencontre entre ces cultures est également présenté. Puis, un chapitre est dédié aux divers moyens utilisés par la Chine, soit politique, historique, médiatique, médical ou autre, pour introduire sa culture en Afrique. La dernière partie, qui est un apport personnel au travail, comprend l’analyse d’une entreprise chinoise en Afrique au travers d’un PESTEL et d’un SWOT. Ceux-ci ont été dressés en fonction de l’entreprise et permettent d’apporter des recommandations concrètes et constructives pour réduire les éventuels chocs culturels. Enfin, le travail se termine en abordant les potentiels futurs impacts culturels pour l’Afrique qui découlent de la relation sino-africaine. La connexion qui se dessine tout au long de la thèse entre l’économie et la culture se cristallise et met en évidence que ces deux dimensions s’affectent mutuellement. En effet, sans l’utilisation de la culture, les échanges économiques sino-africains n’auraient pas pu prospérer de la même manière qu’ils l’ont été. C’est aujourd’hui le rôle de l’Afrique de déterminer quelle place elle souhaite attribuer à la Chine et à quel point elle lui permet de s’immiscer dans son économie mais aussi dans sa culture. Pour finir, une brève conclusion souligne que la problématique et les objectifs ont été atteints et propose un nouvel angle de réflexion. Chinafrique : un choc économique important, mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? BRÜHWILER, Rachel iii Table des matières Déclaration ......................................................................................................... i Remerciements ................................................................................................. ii Résumé ............................................................................................................ iii Liste des tableaux ........................................................................................... vi Liste des figures .............................................................................................. vi 1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2. Le continent africain .................................................................................. 2 2.1 Les rapports de l’Afrique avec le monde .................................................... 3 2.2 L’intérêt de la Chine pour l’Afrique ............................................................. 4 2.2.1 Préoccupations énergétiques .................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Préoccupations économiques .................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Intérêts politiques mutuels ......................................................................... 7 2.3 Relation économique « gagnant - gagnant » .............................................. 8 2.3.1 Le commerce sino-africain ......................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Les investissements chinois .................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Les prêts chinois à l’Afrique ..................................................................... 12 2.4 « Gagnant – gagnant » ou « gagnant – perdant » ..................................... 13 2.4.1 Le surendettement des pays africains...................................................... 14 3. Le soft power et la culture ...................................................................... 16 3.1 Relations interculturelles et business ....................................................... 20 4. La culture chinoise .................................................................................. 21 5. La culture africaine .................................................................................. 26 5.1 La culture kenyane ..................................................................................... 26 5.2 La culture angolaise ................................................................................... 28 5.3 Comparaison de la culture chinoise, kenyane et angolaise .................... 31 6. Comment la Chine exporte sa culture en Afrique ? .............................. 32 6.1 Un passé non-colonialiste ......................................................................... 32 6.2 Politique non-interventionniste ................................................................. 33 6.3 Médias ......................................................................................................... 34 6.4 Instituts Confucius ..................................................................................... 35 6.5 Education .................................................................................................... 36 6.6 Le modèle chinois ...................................................................................... 37 6.7 Zones Economiques Chinoises ................................................................. 37 6.8 Médecine ..................................................................................................... 38 6.9 Critiques de la présence chinoise en Afrique ........................................... 39 7. Analyse d’une entreprise chinoise au Kenya ........................................ 40 Chinafrique : un choc économique important, mais qu’en est-il de la dimension culturelle ? BRÜHWILER, Rachel iv 7.1 Analyse PESTEL ......................................................................................... 40 7.2 Analyse du SWOT ....................................................................................... 42 7.2.1 Recommandations culturelles .................................................................. 44 8. Futurs impacts culturels pour l’Afrique ................................................. 46 9. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 49 Bibliographie .................................................................................................. 50 Annexe 1 : Carte de l’Afrique sub-saharienne ............................................. 59 Annexe 2 : République Populaire de Chine et République de Chine ......... 60 Annexe 3 : Indications chiffrées commerce sino-africain .........................
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