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Africa International University the Relevance Of AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY THE RELEVANCE OF SPECIAL REVELATION IN AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES: A CASE STUDY OF THE AKURINU CHURCH IN NYANDARUA COUNTY – KENYA BY DANIEL NJAGI GITAHI A Thesis submitted to the University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Theology Approved Primary Supervisor: _________ Prof. Gyang D. Pam Associate Supervisor: _________________________________ Prof. James Nkansah External Examiner: _________________________________ Prof. James Kombo July, 2019 DECLARATION THE RELEVANCE OF SPECIAL REVELATION IN AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES: A CASE STUDY OF THE AKURINU CHURCH IN NYANDARUA COUNTY – KENYA I declare that this research project is my original work and has not been submitted to any other College or University for academic credit. The views presented herein are not necessarily those of Africa International University or the examiners. (Sign): Daniel Njagi Gitahi July, 2019 ABSTRACT The African Independent Churches (AICs) phenomenon also known as ‘independency’ appeared in the African continent in the late 19th century and early in the twentieth century. It occurred as a result of the Africans being dissatisfied with the way Christianity was introduced by the western missionaries. The missionaries did not understand the African worldview and assumed that Africans were irreligious. They therefore disregarded anything African. They required the African believers to discard all their cultural practices not knowing that the African religion was embedded in their culture. The missionaries who were leaders in these churches were also seen to collaborate with the European colonizers, something that did not please the African Christians. Some of them also misinterpreted the bible. These and other factors resulted in the Africans initiating their own churches where they would feel free to express Christianity the African way and also to champion the liberation movement which was the major political issue at the time. The interesting thing is that the independency did not end with the political independence of African nations from their western colonial masters. The independency is a common reality up to today. However, the orthodoxy of these churches was put to question from the onset and these churches were criticized for practising syncretism by the missionary churches from which they had separated and also by some theologians. This criticism necessitated that a sympathetic study be carried out to establish the relevance of the Bible in African Independent Churches with a view to determining whether these criticisms were justified. It is in this spirit that this research study was conceived and carried out. A case study of the Akurinu Church in Kenya was carried out toward this end. Nyandarua County of the Republic of Kenya was selected as the location of the study. A total of 100 respondents were sampled from five sub-counties out of the seven in Nyandarua County. 71 out of the 100 questionnaires were returned which translated to a questionnaire return rate of 71%. The data from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS computer software. The findings were presented in frequency distribution tables, bar graphs and pie charts. The findings from this study have revealed that the criticisms leveled against the African independent churches are not always justified. Recommendations for the reforms of the Akurinu Church and further research have also been made. iv DEDICATION To my parents, Mirriam Kagure and Peter Gitahi for sponsoring my education, my dear wife Rosemary Wanjiru for her support, members of The Revealed Gospel Church -Ol’kalou Town where I minister and to the Almighty God for His sufficient grace throughout the project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am indebted to my research project supervisors, Prof. David Pam and Prof. James O. Nkansah for their encouragement and valuable suggestions during the research process. I acknowledge all the AIU staff who gave their unreserved support during the writing process. I appreciate the leadership of the Akurinu church both at the National and County levels for their support during the whole period of data collection. I would also like to acknowledge the moral support accorded to me by my wife Rosemary Wanjiru in the course of the project, the efforts made by Ms Dorine Ndezwa and Mrs Eunice Onyango who did the typesetting. I also thank the Almighty God for His sufficient grace throughout the project. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER ONE ..........................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .........................................................................1 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................1 1.1 Background to the Study .............................................................................5 1.2 Problem of the Study ..................................................................................7 1.3 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................8 1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................8 1.5 Limitation and Delimitations of the Study..................................................9 1.5.1 Limitations .................................................................................. 9 1.5.2 Delimitations ................................................................................. 9 1.6 Research Objectives ....................................................................................9 1.7 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................9 1.8 Methodology of the Study ........................................................................10 1.9 Assumptions of the Study .........................................................................10 1.10 Definition of Key Terms Used in the Study ...........................................11 1.10.1 Revelation ................................................................................. 11 1.10.2 Church ....................................................................................... 11 1.10.3 African Independent Churches ............................................... 13 vii 1.10.4 Ethiopian Churches ................................................................. 16 1.10.5 Prophet Churches .................................................................... 17 1.11.6 Revivalist or New- Pentecostal Churches ................................ 18 1.11 Geographical Overview of the Location of the Research .......................21 1.12 Theoretical Framework and Conceptual Framework .............................22 1.12.1 Theoretical Framework ............................................................. 22 1.12.2 Conceptual Framework ........................................................... 23 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................26 LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................................26 2.0 Introduction ...............................................................................................26 2.1 The Historical Perspective of African Independent Churches ..................26 2.1.1 Factors that Contributed to the Rise of AIC’s .......................... 28 2.1.2 Types of African Independent Churches .................................... 31 2.1.3 Aspects of AICs that Attracted the African Christians ............... 32 2.2 Contemporary Issues in African Independent Churches ..........................33 2.3 The Theology of African Independent Churches ......................................35 2.3.1 The Akurinu Church Theology .......................................................................37 2.4 Criticisms Leveled Against the African Independent Churches ...............38 2.5 The Special Revelation of God and its Relevance to the Church of Christ ..........................................................................................................................42 2.6 Literature Related to Methodology ............................................................43 2.7 Summary of the Literature Review ............................................................44 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................49 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................49 3.0 Introduction ................................................................................................49 3.1 Research Design.........................................................................................49 viii 3.1.1 Variables ..................................................................................... 50 3.1.2 Research Methodology ............................................................... 50 3.1.3 Location of the Study
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