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Poverty, Gender, and Social Analysis

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Poverty, Gender, and Social Analysis Shaanxi Green Intelligent Transport and Logistics Management Demonstration Project (RRP PRC 51401-002) Poverty, Gender, and Social Analysis Project Number: 51401-002 April 2020 PRC: Shaanxi Green Intelligent Transport and Logistics Management Demonstration Project CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 1 April 2020) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1408 $1.00 = CNY7.0999 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CNY Chinese Yuan SPG Shaanxi Province Government DI Design Institute EA Executing Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau FCUC Foreign Capital Utilization Center FGDs Focus Group Discussions FSR Feasibility Study Report SGAP Social and Gender Action Plan IAs Implementing Agencies M&E Monitoring and Evaluation PAM Project Administration Manual PRC People’s Republic of China PGSA Poverty, Gender and Social Analysis RRP Report and Recommendation of The President SNWDP South-To-North Water Diversion Project SPS Safeguard Policy Statement TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCITON .................................................................................. 1 1.1 Proposed Project and Outputs ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives and Contents of PGSA ................................................................................ 3 1.3 Methodologies ................................................................................................................ 3 2 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROFILES .................................................................................... 7 2.1 Socio-economic Profile in Shaanxi Province ................................................................. 8 2.2 Socio-economic Profile in Project Cities ........................................................................ 9 2.3 Status of Logistic Industry of Shaanxi Province and Project Area .............................. 11 2.4 Socioeconomic Situation of Project Area .................................................................... 13 2.4.1 Residents .......................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Truck drivers ..................................................................................................... 18 2.4.3 SME operators .................................................................................................. 20 2.4.4 Shop owners ..................................................................................................... 23 3 PROJECT SOCIAL IMPACTS ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 25 3.1 Beneficiaries of the project .......................................................................................... 25 3.2 Positive impacts ........................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Negative effects ........................................................................................................... 28 3.4 Residents’ views and demand related to the project ................................................... 28 3.4.1 Residents’ daily life and logistics ...................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Residents’ awareness about green and intelligent logistic ............................... 32 3.4.3 Residents’ view and expectation about the project .......................................... 32 3.5 Logistic facilities users’ views and demand related to the project ............................... 34 3.5.1 Logistic facilities users’ views about the current logistic sector ........................ 35 3.5.2 Logistic facilities users’ view and expectation about the project ...................... 36 4 POVERTY AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY ....................................................... 39 4.1 Poverty status in the project area ................................................................................ 39 4.2 Poverty alleviation in project area ................................................................................ 40 4.3 The project’s impacts on poverty alleviation ................................................................ 42 4.4 Views of different poverty households on the project-related issues .......................... 45 1) Occupation ............................................................................................................... 45 2) Attitude about traffic congestion ............................................................................... 46 3) Consumption habits and logistics usage ................................................................. 47 4) The relationship between logistic and agricultural production ................................. 53 5) The situation of community factories ....................................................................... 54 6) Expectations of logistics services in rural area ........................................................ 56 4.5 Demand for the project ................................................................................................ 57 1) Attitude to the project ............................................................................................... 57 2) Expectations of the project ....................................................................................... 60 4.6 Design features to maximize beneficial impacts ......................................................... 61 5 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 61 5.1 Policies and Strategies on Gender Equality in China .................................................. 62 5.2 Situation of local women in Shaanxi Province and project cities ................................ 62 1) Shaanxi Province ..................................................................................................... 62 2) Xi’an.......................................................................................................................... 63 3) Yan’an city ................................................................................................................ 63 4) Ankang city ............................................................................................................... 64 5.3 Project Impacts on Women .......................................................................................... 65 5.4 Gender Profiles in Project Area ................................................................................... 67 5.5 Present gender situation of PIEs and women entrepreneurs ..................................... 68 5.5.1 Present gender situation of PIEs ...................................................................... 68 5.5.2 Analysis of women entrepreneurs .................................................................... 69 1) The current status of women entrepreneurs in Shaanxi province ........................... 70 2) Characteristics of female entrepreneurs .................................................................. 70 3) The current situation of financial services for women entrepreneurs ...................... 70 4) Access to finance/ collateral requirements of women entrepreneurs ...................... 72 5) Awareness about green and intelligent logistic of women entrepreneurs ............... 75 6) Community responsibility ......................................................................................... 76 5.6 Women’s views on the project-related issues ............................................................. 77 1) Consumption habits and logistics usage ................................................................. 77 2) Women’s awareness about green and intelligent logistic ........................................ 82 5.7 Women’s demand for the project ................................................................................. 82 1) Attitude to the project ............................................................................................... 82 2) Expectations of the project ....................................................................................... 82 5.8 Key Findings from Gender Analysis ............................................................................ 87 6 OTHER SOCIAL RISKS ......................................................................................................... 88 6.1 Labor Analysis .............................................................................................................. 88 6.2 Communicable Diseases and Other Social Risks ....................................................... 88 7 SOCIAL AND GENDER ACTION PLAN ................................................................................ 89 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCITON 1.1 Proposed Project and Outputs 1. Shaanxi Province is one of the nine provinces that the Yellow River flows through which located at the center of the PRC and neighbors eight provinces. Its capital, Xi'an City, is a gateway to the Silk Road Economic Belt and designated as a national logistics node city, expected to function as a hub for the Silk Road programs. Xi'an is currently the 9th most congested city in the PRC, with an urban population of 6.5 million. As the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is implemented, Xi'an is expected to grow substantially. As the city has grown geographically, peripheries of the existing logistics facilities are
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