Is There a World Beyond Supermarkets? Bought These from My Local Farmers’ My Local Box Market Scheme Delivers This I Grew These Myself!
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5 I. Introduction 17 II. Executive Summary / Kurzfassung / 19 Synthèse Des Résultats De L'étude III. European Summary 39
I. Introduction 17 II. Executive Summary / Kurzfassung / 19 Synthèse des résultats de l’étude III. European Summary 39 by Jan Evers, Udo Reifner and Leo Haidar IV. UK Report 80 by Malcolm Lynch and Leo Haidar V. Länderbericht Deutschland 184 von Udo Reifner und Jan Evers VI. Contribution française 328 par Benoît Granger VII. USA Report 397 by Udo Reifner and Jan Evers 5 Contents I. Introduction 17 II. Executive Summary / Kurzfassung / Synthèse des résultats de l’étude 19 1. Executive Summary 19 1.1. Assumptions 19 1.2. Findings 20 1.3. Recommendations 22 1. Kurzfassung 25 1.1. Annahmen 25 1.2. Ergebnisse 26 1.3. Empfehlungen 29 1. Synthèse des résultats de l’étude 32 1.1. Préalables 32 1.2. Résultats de la recherche 33 1.3. Recommandations 36 III. European Summary and Recommendations 39 1. Market forces towards social benefit 39 1.1. Theoretical background to the study 39 1.2. Products, services, channels and demand: trends and conflicts 40 1.3. Scope of the study 40 1.4. Methodology 41 2. Key observations and findings in the country reports 42 6 2.1. Supply of Financial Services 42 2.1.1. Consumer access to a basic banking service 42 2.1.2. Commercial micro-finance 48 2.1.3. Access to home mortgage finance for low and middle income families 54 2.1.4. Access to finance for voluntary organisations 56 2.2. Macroeconomic and legal instruments - existing competencies vis-à-vis insufficient and inappropriate supply 58 2.2.1. Market externals: state regulation 58 2.2.2. -
A Food Affair – a Study on Interventions to Stimulate Positive Consumption Behavior
A Food Affair – A Study on Interventions to Stimulate Positive Consumption Behavior Katrien Cooremans 2018 Advisors: Prof. Dr. Maggie Geuens, Prof. Dr. Mario Pandelaere Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Business Economics ii DOCTORAL JURY Dean Prof. Dr. Patrick Van Kenhove (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Maggie Geuens (Ghent University & Vlerick Business School) Prof. Dr. Mario Pandelaere (Virginia Tech & Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Anneleen Van Kerckhove (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Hendrik Slabbinck (Ghent University) Prof. Dr. Erica van Herpen (Wageningen University) Prof. Dr. Robert Mai (Grenoble Ecole de Management) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am truly grateful to my promotor, Maggie Geuens, who took a chance on me and gave me the opportunity to start working at the department of Marketing and to my co-promotor Mario Pandelaere, who took me on in a time of ‘financial’ crisis. I am especially grateful for their belief in me throughout this entire journey. I might not be your average PhD researcher, but they always gave me the space and confidence to follow my interests and pursue my ideas. I am grateful to the members of the exam committee for their insightful comments and for the questions they raised. These will certainly benefit my (hopefully) forthcoming papers and I already believe they brought them to a higher level. I feel very grateful for my colleagues and ex-colleagues for making our department such an amazzzing place to work at. And especially my office mates for always being able to turn my frown upside down. -
Ethical Shopping Guide to Cat and Dog Food
THANK YOU FOR DOWNLOADING THIS ETHICAL CONSUMER RESEARCH REPORT. It contains a buyers’ guide complete with: • a detailed article • rankings table • Best Buy advice • all the stories behind the marks on the table • company ownership and contact details • full list of references £4.25 EC121 November/December 2009 www.ethicalconsumer.org Subscribe to Ethical Consumer and get instant access to over 80 similar reports (worth over £240) as part of your subscription. Subscribers also get: Revealing the dark heart Ethical Consumer magazine of the chocolate industry – play fair, not dirty Toys & games consoles – cutting the environmental costs - keeping you up to date with all the latest ethical news and analysis Razors & shavers Rating • Unique buyers’ guides with detailed ratings tables, Best Buys advice, (out of 20) Brand 17 company profiles, news, boycotts, comment and more Equal Exchange tea 17 [F,O] 17 Online back issues archive HampsteadCo tea Tea [F,O] & Coffee • 17 Purely Organic tea [F,O] Steenbergs English • Available in print through the post or as a digital download breakfast tea [F,O] Unlimited, 24 hour access to our premium website ethiscore.org been a contributor to carbon emissions which had a damaging effect on the environment. (ref: 3) or dolphin No palm oil policy Sustainable(July 2009) forestry policy (2008) contacted, 123 had a dmitted to selling whale and/ A search was madeWal-Mart of the Walmart did not website respond (www.walmartstores. to a request by ECRA in Ocober 2008 meat. It said Sea Shepherd had been urging its members and the com) on 8th July 2009.for the No company’s policy on popalmlicy oil on could the sustainable be found. -
From Wikipedia, the Rom Wikipedia, the Free
Tesco FFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation,, search For other uses, see Tesco (disambiguation).. T Tesco PLC Type Public limited company Traded as L!:: TC" #!$:: TC" Industry %etailing &'&'( ') years ago Founded *ackney,, London, !ngland Founder Jack Cohen +e Tesco *ouse -elamere %oad Cheshunt Headquarters *ertfordshire !+. 'L !ngland Number of ),/.0 stores 12s of 3arch locations 45&06 1see table below66 Area served Worldide •• ir %ichard 7roadbent Key people 1Chairman6 -ave Leis 18roup C!"6 Products upermarket *ypermarket uperstore Revenue 9)44.0 billion 145&;6<&= Operating >9;/'4 billion 145&;6<&= income Net income >9;/)) billion 145&;6<&= Total equity 9/5/& billion 145&;6<&= Number of ;55,555 145&;6 <4= employees T Tesco tores Ltd Tesco 7ank Tesco 3obile Tesco #reland -obbies 8arden Centres ubsidiaries T Tesco Family -ining Ltd 8ira?e %estaurants -unnhumby "akood -istribution Ltd !ebsite tescocom Tesco P"# is a 7ritish multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer head@uartered in Cheshunt,, *ertfordshire, !ngland, Anited Bingdom<= #t is the third largest retailer in the orld measured by proDts<0=<;= and second>largest retailer in the orld measured by revenues #t has stores in &4 countries across 2sia and !urope and is the grocery market leader in the AB 1here it has a market share of around 4.0E6, #reland,, *ungary,,<)= 3alaysia, and Thailand</=<.= T Tesco as founded in &'&' by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls<'= The Tesco name Drst appeared in &'40, after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from -
Food Marketing Policy Center
Food Marketing Policy Center Market Definition and Market Power in the British Supermarket Industry by Ronald W. Cotterill Food Marketing Policy Center Research Report No. 98 October 2007 Research Report Series http://www.fmpc.uconn.edu University of Connecticut Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics Market Definition and Market Power in the British Supermarket Industry Expert Report of Ronald W. Cotterill October 10, 2007 Table of Contents I. Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 II. Materials Used for this Analysis..........................................................................................6 III. Defining Antitrust Markets..................................................................................................6 A. A “Small but Significant” Price Increase.................................................................8 B. Price Flexing to Achieve a “Small but Significant” Increase in Price.....................9 C. The Impact of Imperfect Consumer Information on a “Nontransitory Increase in Price” .................................................................................................................10 IV. Product Market Definition for the UK Grocery Industry: The Competition Commission Entry Analysis ..............................................................................................14 V. Tesco’s Simulation Model of the SSNIP Test to Define Geographic Markets .................15 A. The -
Sfo V Tesco Dpa 2017
Case No: U20170287 IN THE CROWN COURT AT SOUTHWARK IN THE MATTER OF s. 45 OF THE CRIME AND COURTS ACT 2013 Royal Courts of Justice Strand, London, WC2A 2LL Date: 10 April 2017 Before : THE PRESIDENT OF THE QUEEN’S BENCH DIVISION (THE RT. HON. SIR BRIAN LEVESON) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Between : SERIOUS FRAUD OFFICE Applicant - and - TESCO STORES LIMITED Respondent - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sasha Wass QC and Esther Schutzer-Weissmann (instructed by the SFO) for the Applicant Clare Montgomery Q.C. and Clare Sibson Q.C. (instructed by Kingsley Napley and Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer) for the Respondent Hearing dates: 27 March, 10 April 2017 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Approved Judgment Judgment Approved by the court for handing down. SFO v Tesco Stores Limited Sir Brian Leveson P: Introduction 1. If false or misleading information is provided to the market by a listed company, a false market can be created. As a consequence, securities will trade at a higher (or, depending on the nature of the false or misleading information, a lower) price than otherwise would be the case. Thus, in the case of a higher price, purchasers of the securities will have paid more than they would have paid had there not been a false market; in the case of a lower price, vendors will have received less. Thus, for such a company, the accuracy of financial results reported to the market is of critical importance and substantial loss can be caused if material inaccuracy is subsequently identified. 2. For the financial year 2013/2014, ending for Tesco plc on 22 February 2014, the accounts and financial statements were published on 22 May 2014. -
Internet Nondiscrimination Principles: Commercial Ethics for Carriers and Search Engines
5/4/2008 5:24:10 PM Internet Nondiscrimination Principles: Commercial Ethics for Carriers and Search Engines Frank Pasquale† I. INTRODUCTION Dominant search engines (“DSEs”)1 are becoming a hub of convergence culture.2 They provide an ever-expanding array of services.3 As they amass information about their users, calls for † Professor of Law, Seton Hall Law School; Associate Director of the Gibbons Insti- tute of Law, Science, and Technology, Seton Hall University. I wish to thank the Univer- sity of Chicago Legal Forum for asking me to present this article. Marina Lao, Ellen Goodman, James Grimmelmann, Danielle Citron, and Brett Frischmann offered very insightful comments. 1 We can provisionally define a dominant search engine (DSE) as one with over 30 percent market share. Google clearly satisfies this criterion in the U.S. and much of Eu- rope. See Steve Lohr, As its Stock Tops $600, Google Faces Growing Risks, NY Times C1 (Oct 13, 2007) (remarking that “[i]n September, Google’s share of Web searches in the United States was 67 percent, up from 54 percent a year earlier, reports Compete.com, a Web analytics firm. The Yahoo share was 19 percent, compared with 29 percent a year earlier. And Microsoft had 9 percent, up slightly from a year ago.”). But Google would not qualify as a DSE in South Korea, where Naver dominates. See, for example, Choe Sang- Hun, South Koreans Connect Through Search Engine, NY Times (July 5, 2007), available at <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/05/technology/05online.html?ref=technology> (last visited Mar 28, 2008) (noting that “[w]eb users in one of the world’s most-wired countries seldom “Google” anything. -
Incentives, Demographics, and Biases of Ethical Consumption: Observation of Modern Ethical Consumers
Incentives, Demographics, and Biases of Ethical Consumption: Observation of Modern Ethical Consumers Laura Kim University of California, Berkeley B.A. of Economics and Statistics Thesis Advisor J. Bradford DeLong Special Thanks to Professor Demian Pouzo, Professor Kyong Shik Eom Abstract This paper seeks to offer a better understanding of modern consumers’ incentives, intentions and behavior regarding “ethical consumption”. Using likelihood treatment models, we find that both the likelihood and increase in ethical consumption is less contingent on income but rather on the amount of entire purchase of consumers. Increase in year of education has significant positive effect on ethical consumption, particularly to female consumers. Racial and regional characteristics are not significant predictors of ethical consumption. Purchase of ethical products are also influenced by internal motivation of consumers defined as ‘identifying incentive,’ which in turn depends on various factors that influence consumption. This paper argues that because of the heightened importance of the consumers’ decision making, not only should we explore the decision making of the consumers but also enlarge the scope of knowledge of such consumers of their incentives, demographics, and biases regarding altruistic consumption. Engaging with extensive literature on consumer behavior, this paper uses the Nielsen data and datasets from Label Insight to discover pieces of information that helps us identify factors that contribute to someone’s ethical purchase. Keywords: ethical consumption, consumerism, social responsibility, consumer behavior 1. Introduction The standard economic model essentially suggests that consumers will be consistently rational, utility maximizing, and self-interested upon decision making. Rational and self-interested economic agents from our model is expected to make rational choices that give them the most utility per dollar spent by maximizing their consumption bundles with respect to their budget constraints. -
Cereal Secrets: the World's Largest Grain Traders and Global Agriculture
OXFAM RESEARCH REPORTS AUGUST 2012 CEREAL SECRETS The world's largest grain traders and global agriculture MS. SOPHIA MURPHY INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT AND SENIOR ADVISOR AT THE INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURE AND TRADE POLICY DR. DAVID BURCH HONORARY PROFESSOR SOCIOLOGY, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND DR. JENNIFER CLAPP PROFESSOR, ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCE STUDIES AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO The four big commodity traders – Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), Bunge, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, collectively referred to as ‘the ABCD companies’ – are dominant traders of grain globally and central to the modern agri-food system. This report considers the ABCDs in relation to several global issues pressing on agriculture: the ‘financialization’ of both commodity trade and agricultural production; the emergence of global competitors to the ABCDs, in particular from Asia; and some of the implications of large-scale industrial biofuels, a sector in which the ABCDs are closely involved. The report includes a discussion of how smallholders in developing countries are affected by these changes, and highlights some development policy implications, given the importance of the ABCD firms in shaping the world of food and agriculture. The report highlights the ways in which these four firms are decisive actors in the global restructuring of the overlapping food, feed, and fuel complexes that is now under way, and considers how the firms are evolving as they respond to and shape the new pressures and opportunities in the modern agri-food system. Oxfam Research Reports are written to share research results, to contribute to public debate and to invite feedback on development and humanitarian policy and practice. -
Transformational Challenge Nestlé 1990–2005
I wanted to stimulate your creative thinking and give Our goal is to earn consumers’ trust as their preferred you a more in-depth feeling of some of the resources Food, Beverage, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company available in the Group, which are not always suffi ciently both for their own needs and those of their family mem- exploited. We have therefore again organised, not only bers, including their pets. We understand consumers’ the very much appreciated Product Exhibition, but also Nestlé 1990–2005 Challenge Transformational nutritional and emo- a visit to IMD, where we will be exposed to the latest tional needs/prefer- thinking on relevant business issues seen from the aca- TTransformational ransformational ences and provide demic point of view. A visit to our Research Centre at CChallenge hallenge them with innova- Lausanne, which, by the way, celebrates its 10th anni- tive branded prod- versary, will give you the opportunity to get a better idea NNestléestlé 11990–2005990–2005 ucts and services of how those 650 people can help you to achieve a AAlbertlbert PPfifi fffnerfner based on superior higher degree of competitiveness in the market place. HHans-Jörgans-Jörg RRenkenk science and technol- But before starting on the specifi c issues, let me make ogy. By serving our a preliminary remark: it is only fair that I should explain consumers and im- to you how most of our subjects for discussion fi t into proving their quality a broader framework, namely the development strategy of life, everywhere in of our Group. Over the past years, I have had more than the world, we ensure once the opportunity to refl ect on the shape of things profi table, sustain- to come, to use H.G. -
Ethical Consumer, Issue 172, May/June 2018
www.ethicalconsumer.org EC172 May/June 2018 £4.25 Can you see where your money goes? We rank finance companies on their transparency Product guides to: Current Accounts Savings Accounts App Banks Ethical Pensions Home & Car Insurance Ethical Investment Funds Plus: Company responses to the Modern Slavery Act Contents ethicalconsumer.org MAY/JUNE 2018 who’s who p4 product guides this Issue’s editors Rob Harrison, Jane Turner, Josie Wexler finance special proofing Ciara Maginness (littlebluepencil.co.uk) 15 directors’ pay writers/researchers Jane Turner, Tim Hunt, Leonie Nimmo, Rob Harrison, Heather Webb, Anna Clayton, 16 BankTrack Joanna Long, Josie Wexler, Ruth Strange, Mackenzie Denyer, Clare Carlile, Francesca de la Torre 17 Save Our Bank regular contributors Simon Birch, Bryony Moore, 24 Banking on Climate Change Shaun Fensom, Colin Birch design and layout Adele Armistead (Moonloft), Jane 25 Don’t Bank on the Bomb Turner 43 crowdfunding cover © Anon Luengwanichprapa | Dreamstime.com cartoons Marc Roberts, Andy Vine, Richard Liptrot current accounts ad sales Simon Birch 10 introduction subscriptions Elizabeth Chater, Francesca Thomas p54 press enquiries Simon Birch, Tim Hunt 12 score table & Best Buys enquiries Heather Webb web editor Georgina Rawes thanks also to Eleanor Boyce, Ashraf Hamad, Josh savings accounts Wittingham, Jess Aurie 18 building societies All material correct one month before cover date and © 19 cash ISAs Ethical Consumer Research Association Ltd. ISSN 0955 8608. 20 score table & Best Buys 23 credit unions Printed with vegetable ink by RAP Spiderweb Ltd, c/o the Commercial Centre, Clowes Centre, Hollinwood, Oldham OL9 7LY. 0161 947 3700. app banking Paper: 100% post-consumer waste, chlorine-free and 26 score table & Best Buys sourced from the only UK paper merchant supplying only recycled papers – Paperback (www.paperbackpaper.co.uk). -
French Food Vs. Fast Food: José Bové Takes on Mcdonald’S
FRENCH FOOD VS. FAST FOOD: JOSÉ BOVÉ TAKES ON MCDONALD’S A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Rixa Ann Spencer Freeze June 2002 This thesis entitled FRENCH FOOD VS. FAST FOOD: JOSÉ BOVÉ TAKES ON MCDONALD’S BY RIXA ANN SPENCER FREEZE has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Chester J. Pach Associate Professor of History Leslie A. Flemming Dean, College of Arts and Sciences FREEZE, RIXA ANN SPENCER. M.A. June 2002. History. French Food vs. Fast Food: José Bové Takes on McDonald’s (184 pp.) Director of Thesis: Chester J. Pach This thesis explores the French farmer and activist José Bové and his widely publicized protest against McDonald’s France in August 1999. With the help of 300 demonstrators, he dismantled a partially constructed McDonald’s restaurant and caused an international stir. Many factors influenced Bové’s protest: his background in radical agricultural activism, a historical overview of French-American cultural relations, and tensions over globalization in France. José Bové’s protest has undergone many interpretations, some that favor his cause and some that do not. Even after his trial a year later, several issues remained unresolved—how much damage the protest caused and whether the action against McDonald’s was a legitimate (if illegal) form of protest. McDonald’s France has responded to Bové’s criticisms by changing its image, décor, and menu offerings. José Bové is a complex character; though his tactics are extreme at times, he has successfully raised awareness about issues that contemporary French society faces.