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Cinderella in Different Dresses: from a Narrative Perspective

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Cinderella in Different Dresses: from a Narrative Perspective International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics, Vol. 4, No. 3, September 2018 Cinderella in Different Dresses: From A Narrative Perspective Aidong Zhang and Indochina. He concluded that the story could have Abstract—The Ye Xian, written by Duan Chengshi of the originated from either the ethnic minorities in southern Tang Dynasty, is the earliest recorded version of the Cinderella Guangxi Province of China or northern Vietnam. The story story. Its comparative study with the European versions of then spread to Europe via central or western Asia, ultimately Cinderella has garnered the attention of scholars. This essay achieving world renown. [3]Liu Xiaochun held a similar aims to examine the Ye Xian of the Tang Dynasty, the French view. He proceeded from both the specific and common version of the Cinderella tale by Charles Perrault and several themes of the Chinese Cinderella story and concluded that other versions of the Cinderella story from Asia. By comparing their plots, narrative modes and strategies, this essay intents to the story likely originated from ethnic minorities in southern display the cultural and narrative diversities of the same story China. It could have spread to Europe from southern China, in different language settings, which reflect various embedded the northern part of the Indochina Peninsula and the Balkan values, religious influences, and other historical factors. Peninsula. [4] The above researches are of great significance to the Index Terms—Ye Xian, cinderella, literary genre, historical inheritance and the development of the Cinderella comparative children literature, narrative mode, narrative story. However, in my opinion, the narrative of the strategy. Cinderella story is also worthy of interest. In contemporary literature and cultural studies, great attention is paid to how narratives are created, and how they I. INTRODUCTION operate in various contexts. Roland Barthes once asserted in The tale of Cinderella is probably one of the most his An Introduction to Structural Analysis of Narrative: recognizable stories we know today. While there are many versions of the story in circulation, the most famous among Narrative starts with the very history of mankind; them are the two European Cinderella stories -- the French there does not exist, and never has existed, version of Cinderella, by Charles Perrault, and the German a people without narratives. All classes and all version, by the Brothers Grimm. human groups have their own narrative works, and The Cinderella story has been a topic of interest for many these works are often enjoyed by people with researchers. While there are numerous variants of the story, different, even opposite cultural backgrounds. they commonly feature a young woman in unjust and Therefore, narrative works are not divided into oppressive circumstances whose fortune are remarkably and noble and inferior literature. They transcend the often unexpectedly changed with the assistance of divine or nation, history, culture, and exist forever like life fantastical elements such as magical animals and fairy godmothers. itself [5]. According to American folklorist Stith Thompson, there While this is considered the best confirmation of the are at least 500 different versions of the Cinderella tale in widespread existence of narrative, the British scholar Europe alone. [1]And a survey of Chinese folk literature Michael Carrithers emphasized the unique cultural in1990 revealed that there were over 70 versions of the significance of narrative with the term ―narrative thought.‖ Cinderella story in China circulating among 21 different [6] ethnic groups. [2] While the European versions of Cinderella are considered Narrative thought is a unique thing that archetypal, some prominent folklorists have suggested that distinguishes human beings from other species. It the first recorded Cinderella story emerged in China during touches the core of human ability to imagine, the Tang Dynasty. The Chinese folklorist Zhong Jingwen conceive, and interpret the mental state of others, proposed that the Ye Xian, was the earliest Cinderella story enabling humans to seize a longer past, a more we have evidence for. It is a tale from The Miscellaneous complex future, and a more diverse social Morsels from Youyang, a miscellany of folk legends written environment. in the 9th century by Duan Chengshi (died 863). Another folklorist, Nai-tung Ting, conducted systematic Therefore, the Chinese and the European versions of the research into the Cinderella story archetype in both China Cinderella story coexist as the "international" narrative modes. The former representing an important part of the Manuscript received June 10, 2018; revised September 11, 2018. This ancient and evolving form, which is of great significance for research is supported by the Grant, SUG 05/15 ZAD, from National exploration of its origin. Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Modern literary critics believe that the language used in a Aidong Zhang is with Asian Language and Culture, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (e-mail: [email protected]). story and how it is narrated are often more important than doi: 10.18178/ijlll.2018.4.3.170 174 International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics, Vol. 4, No. 3, September 2018 the story itself. As such, this study will look at the Ye Xian Indian version of Cinderella receives help from a divine written by Duan Chengshi of Tang Dynasty, the French snake and finishes her heavy household chores quickly. The version of Cinderella by Charles Perrault (1628–1703), the Vietnamese Cinderella receives guidance from a fairy and a classic version (hitherto referred to as the European version) flock of birds. and several other versions from Asia. By comparing and Although centred on this element, Ye Xian differs from studying their plots, narrative styles and strategies, this Cinderella in other texts: her appearance at the festival is paper intends to showcase a rich and diverse cultural beautiful but low-key. Once she is spotted by her stepmother landscape. and stepsister, she leaves quickly and quietly, attracting little attention from the other festival-goers. The European version of Cinderella is not only beautiful, II. PLOT SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES but also very elegant in demeanour. Cinderella appears at Since the plot of the European version of Cinderella is the ball with her refined and brisk dance and catches the reasonably well known, this paper will focus on the plot of attention of the prince as well as the admiration of everyone Ye Xian in the Chinese version. around her, thus becoming a shining star. Whereas it seems The Ye Xian tells a story that took place before the Qin crucial in the European story, in Ye Xian, there is no detailed and Han Dynasties in China. The protagonist, Ye Xian, is descriptions of the emotional and mental states regarding the the daughter of a tribal leader in the south. Both of her fair, nor are there any ups and downs in the plot. It only uses biological parents have passed away and she lives with her the shoe as a medium to give Ye Xian the good fortune in a stepmother and stepsister. Even though she is intelligent and passive manner. The shoe as well serves a limited purpose -- hardworking, her stepmother often abuses her and makes her to deliver Ye Xian‘s good fortune. gather firewood in the mountains and water in the deep pool. The Korean version of Cinderella omits the ball scene One day Ye Xian chances across a small fish with red fins totally, but Pear Flower meets a high-level official by the and golden eyes. She decides to feed it with food saved from lake on her way to the village festival. She is so scared that her ration. The fish grows very quickly and develops a close she runs off without talking to him, but losing a golden shoe bond with her. Every time she showed up by the shore, it on the way. They meet later by coincidence and she is would appear. When her stepmother learns of this, she puts identified as the owner of the golden shoe. on Ye Xian‘s clothes to lure the fish, then eats it and buries The meeting in the European version of Cinderella and its bones. Unable to find the fish, Ye Xian becomes the prince foreshadows the beginning of a romance. While extremely upset. Under the guidance of a divine being, she Cinderella is full of hope, the prince is also faithful to love. discoveries the fish bones and learns that the fish bones After Cinderella flees, the prince finds her shoe, he stops contain magical wish-granting powers. Her life is hence dancing but only focuses on appreciating it. The shoe thus radically transformed, and she can have whatever her heart becomes the symbol of love between the two young people. desires. Ever since then, her life undergoes a fundamental The arrangement of having girls ―try on the shoe‖ is to find change. his lost lover, which is different from what the King of Subsequently, on the day of the national festival, Ye Xian Tuohan has in mind. The latter only wants to satisfy his puts on her exquisite dress and golden shoes (granted by the curiosity, namely to confirm the owner and the source of the magical fish bone) and attends the festival in secret. golden shoe. When her stepmother and stepsister discover her While Ye Xian was not able to meet the King at the appearance, she flees back home, losing one shoe on the festival, the European version of Cinderella has nice dance way. A member of the tribe finds the shoe and presents it to with the prince and spends a lovely and unforgettable night the King of another nation, Tuohan. The king, curious, with him because of the ball. orders that the owner of the shoe be summoned, and Another cultural difference that is vividly brought out eventually, Ye Xian is found and brought before him.
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