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Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds List of Abbreviations

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Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds List of Abbreviations PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS The compounds in this table were selected on the basis of their radioactive elements for which IUPAC makes no recom- laboratory and industrial importance, as well as their value in illus- mendation, the mass number of the isotope with longest trating trends in the variation of physical properties with position half-life is used . in the periodic table . An effort has been made to include the most • Physical Form: The crystal system is given, when available, frequently encountered inorganic substances; a limited number of for compounds that are solid at room temperature, togeth- organometallics are also covered . Many, if not most, of the com- er with color and other descriptive features . Abbreviations pounds that are solids at ambient temperature can exist in more are listed below . than one crystalline modification . In the absence of other infor- • mp: Normal melting point in °C . The notation tp indicates mation, the data given here can be assumed to apply to the most the temperature where solid, liquid, and gas are in equilib- stable or common crystalline form . In many cases, however, two rium at a pressure greater than one atmosphere (i .e ., the or more forms are of practical importance, and separate entries normal melting point does not exist) . When available, the will be found in the table . triple point pressure is listed . Compounds are arranged primarily in alphabetical order by the • bp: Normal boiling point in °C (referred to 101 .325 kPa most commonly used name . However, adjustments are made in or 760 mmHg pressure) . The notation sp following the many instances so as to bring closely related compounds togeth- number indicates the temperature where the pressure of er . For example, hydrides of elements such as boron, silicon, and the vapor in equilibrium with the solid reaches 101 .325 germanium are grouped together immediately following the entry kPa . See Reference 8, p . 23, for further discussion of sub- for the parent element, since they would otherwise be scattered limation points and triple points . A notation “sublimes” throughout the table . Likewise, the oxoacids of an element are giv- without a temperature being given indicates that there is a en in one group whenever a strict alphabetical order would sepa- perceptible sublimation pressure above the solid at ambi- rate them (e .g ., sulfuric acid and fluorosulfuric acid) . The Formula ent temperatures . Index following the table provides another means of locating a • Density: Density values for solids and liquids are always in compound . There is also an index to CAS Registry Numbers . units of grams per cubic centimeter and can be assumed to The following data fields appear in the table: refer to temperatures near room temperature unless oth- erwise stated . Values for gases are the calculated ideal gas • Name: Systematic name for the substance . The valence densities in grams per liter at 25 °C and 101 .325 kPa; the state of a metallic element is indicated by a Roman numeral, unit is always specified for a gas value . e g. ,. copper in the +1 state is written as copper(I) rather than • Aqueous Solubility: Solubility is expressed as the number cuprous, iron in the +3 state is iron(III) rather than ferric . of grams of the compound (excluding any water of hydra- • Formula: The simplest descriptive formula is given, but tion) that will dissolve in 100 grams of water . The tempera- this does not necessarily specify the actual structure of the ture in °C is given as a superscript . Solubility at other tem- compound . For example, aluminum chloride is designated peratures can be found for many compounds in the table as AlCl3, even though a more accurate representation of “Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various the structure in the solid phase (and, under some con- Temperatures” in Section 8 . ditions, in the gas phase) is Al2Cl6 A few exceptions are • +2 Qualitative Solubility: Qualitative information on the made, such as the use of Hg2 for the mercury(I) ion . solubility in other solvents (and in water, if quantitative • CAS Registry Number: Chemical Abstracts Service data are unavailable) is given here . The abbreviations are: Registry Number . An asterisk* following the CAS RN for a hydrate indicates that the number refers to the anhydrous i insoluble compound . In most cases the generic CAS RN for the sl slightly soluble compound is given rather than the number for a specific s soluble crystalline form or mineral . vs very soluble • Mol. Weight: Molecular weight (relative molar mass) as reac reacts with the solvent calculated with the 2005 IUPAC Recommended Atomic Weights . The number of decimal places corresponds to Data were taken from a wide variety of reliable sources, includ- the number of places in the atomic weight of the least accu- ing monographs, treatises, review articles, evaluated compilations rately known element (e .g ., one place for lead compounds, and databases, and in many cases the primary literature . Some two places for compounds of selenium, germanium, etc .); of the most useful references for the properties covered here are a maximum of three places is given . For compounds of listed below . List of Abbreviations Ac - acetyl blk - black cub - cubic exp - explodes, explosive ace - acetone brn - brown cyhex - cyclohexane extrap - extrapolated acid - acid solutions bz - benzene dec - decomposes flam - flammable alk - alkaline solutions chl - chloroform dil - dilute gl - glass, glassy amorp - amorphous col - colorless diox - dioxane grn - green anh - anhydrous conc - concentrated eth - ethyl ether hc - hydrocarbon solvents aq - aqueous cry - crystals, crystalline EtOH - ethanol hex - hexagonal, hexane 4-43 4-44 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds hp - heptane orth - orthorhombic s - soluble in tp - triple point HT - high temperature os - organic solvents silv - silvery trans - transition, transforma- tion hyd - hydrate peth - petroleum ether sl - slightly soluble in tricl - triclinic hyg - hygroscopic pow - powder soln - solution trig - trigonal i - insoluble in prec - precipitate sp - sublimation point unstab - unstable liq - liquid pur - purple stab - stable viol - violet low temperature pyridine sublimes LT - py - subl - visc - viscous MeOH - methanol reac - reacts with temp - temperature vs - very soluble in monocl - monoclinic refrac - refractory tetr - tetragonal wh - white octahed - octahedral rhom - rhombohedral thf - tetrahydrofuran xyl - xylene oran - orange r.t. - room temperature tol - toluene yel - yellow 14 . Lidin, R . A ., Andreeva, L . L ., and Molochko, V . A ., Constants of References Inorganic Substances, Begell House, New York, 1995 . 1 . Phillips, S . L ., and Perry, D .L ., Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, 15 . Gurvich, L . V ., Veyts, I . V ., and Alcock, C . B ., Thermodynamic CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995 . Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Hemisphere 2 . Trotman-Dickenson, A . F ., Executive Editor, Comprehensive Inorganic Publishing Corp ., New York, 1989 . Chemistry, Vol . 1-5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973 . 16 . The Combined Chemical Dictionary on CDROM, Version 9:1, 3 . Greenwood, N . N ., and Earnshaw, A ., Chemistry of the Elements, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2005 . Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997 . 17 . Macdonald, F ., Editor, Chapman & Hall/CRC Combined Chemical 4 . Wiberg, N ., Wiberg, E ., and Holleman, H . F ., Inorganic Chemistry, Dictionary, <http://www .chemnetbase .com/scripts/ccdweb .exe> . 34th Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001 . 18 . Sangeeta, G ., and LaGraff, J . R ., Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Second 5 . GMELIN Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005 . Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg . 6 . Chase, M W. ., Davies, C .A ., Downey, J .R ., Frurip, D . J ., McDonald, R .A ., 19 . Stern, K . H ., High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition and Syverud, A .N .; JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2001 . Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol . 14, Suppl . 1, 1985; Chase, M . W ., NIST- 20 . Donnay, J .D .H ., and Ondik, H .M ., Crystal Data Determinative JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Tables, Third Edition, Volumes 2 and 4, Inorganic Compounds, Joint Data, Monograph No . 9, 1998 . Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Swarthmore, PA, 1973 . 7 . Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships 21 . Robie, R ., Bethke, P . M ., and Beardsley, K . M ., Selected X-ray in Science and Technology, New Series, IV/19A, “Thermodynamic Crystallographic Data, Molar Volumes, and Densities of Minerals and Properties of Inorganic Materials compiled by SGTE”, Springer-Verlag, Related Substances, U .S . Geological Survey Bulletin 1248, 1967 . Heidelberg; Part 1, 1999; Part 2; 1999; Part 3, 2000; Part 4, 2001 . 22 . Carmichael, R . S ., Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks 8 . Lide, D . R ., and Kehiaian, H V. ., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and and Minerals, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989 . Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994 . 23 . Deer, W . A ., Howie, R .A ., and Zussman, J ., An Introduction to the 9 . Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Wiley- Rock-Forming Minerals, 2nd Edition, Longman Scientific & Technical, Interscience, New York, 1985 . Harlow, Essex, 1992 . 10 . Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1992 . 24 . Linstrom,
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