Central Southern Record for the State and the First Inland
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Hurricane & Tropical Storm
5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard. -
ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005
MARCH 2008 ANNUAL SUMMARY 1109 ANNUAL SUMMARY Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2005 JOHN L. BEVEN II, LIXION A. AVILA,ERIC S. BLAKE,DANIEL P. BROWN,JAMES L. FRANKLIN, RICHARD D. KNABB,RICHARD J. PASCH,JAMIE R. RHOME, AND STACY R. STEWART Tropical Prediction Center, NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center, Miami, Florida (Manuscript received 2 November 2006, in final form 30 April 2007) ABSTRACT The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active of record. Twenty-eight storms occurred, includ- ing 27 tropical storms and one subtropical storm. Fifteen of the storms became hurricanes, and seven of these became major hurricanes. Additionally, there were two tropical depressions and one subtropical depression. Numerous records for single-season activity were set, including most storms, most hurricanes, and highest accumulated cyclone energy index. Five hurricanes and two tropical storms made landfall in the United States, including four major hurricanes. Eight other cyclones made landfall elsewhere in the basin, and five systems that did not make landfall nonetheless impacted land areas. The 2005 storms directly caused nearly 1700 deaths. This includes approximately 1500 in the United States from Hurricane Katrina— the deadliest U.S. hurricane since 1928. The storms also caused well over $100 billion in damages in the United States alone, making 2005 the costliest hurricane season of record. 1. Introduction intervals for all tropical and subtropical cyclones with intensities of 34 kt or greater; Bell et al. 2000), the 2005 By almost all standards of measure, the 2005 Atlantic season had a record value of about 256% of the long- hurricane season was the most active of record. -
Texas Hurricane History
Texas Hurricane History David Roth National Weather Service Camp Springs, MD Table of Contents Preface 3 Climatology of Texas Tropical Cyclones 4 List of Texas Hurricanes 8 Tropical Cyclone Records in Texas 11 Hurricanes of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 12 Hurricanes of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries 13 Hurricanes of the Late Nineteenth Century 16 The First Indianola Hurricane - 1875 19 Last Indianola Hurricane (1886)- The Storm That Doomed Texas’ Major Port 22 The Great Galveston Hurricane (1900) 27 Hurricanes of the Early Twentieth Century 29 Corpus Christi’s Devastating Hurricane (1919) 35 San Antonio’s Great Flood – 1921 37 Hurricanes of the Late Twentieth Century 45 Hurricanes of the Early Twenty-First Century 65 Acknowledgments 71 Bibliography 72 Preface Every year, about one hundred tropical disturbances roam the open Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. About fifteen of these become tropical depressions, areas of low pressure with closed wind patterns. Of the fifteen, ten become tropical storms, and six become hurricanes. Every five years, one of the hurricanes will become reach category five status, normally in the western Atlantic or western Caribbean. About every fifty years, one of these extremely intense hurricanes will strike the United States, with disastrous consequences. Texas has seen its share of hurricane activity over the many years it has been inhabited. Nearly five hundred years ago, unlucky Spanish explorers learned firsthand what storms along the coast of the Lone Star State were capable of. Despite these setbacks, Spaniards set down roots across Mexico and Texas and started colonies. Galleons filled with gold and other treasures sank to the bottom of the Gulf, off such locations as Padre and Galveston Islands. -
VA Hurricane History
THE HURRICANE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN VIRGINIA Continuous weather records for the Hampton Roads Area of Virginia began on January 1, 1871 when the National Weather Service was established in downtown Norfolk. The recorded history of significant tropical storms that affected the area goes back much further. Prior to 1871, very early storms have been located in ship logs, newspaper accounts, history books, and countless other writings. The residents of coastal Virginia during Colonial times were very much aware of the weather. They were a people that lived near the water and largely derived their livelihood from the sea. To them, a tropical storm was indeed a noteworthy event. The excellent records left by some of Virginia’s early settlers and from official records of the National Weather Service are summarized below. Learning from the past will help us prepare for the future. SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES 1635 August 24 First historical reference to a major hurricane that could have affected the VA coast. 1667 September 6 It appears likely this hurricane caused the widening of the Lynnhaven River. The Bay rose 12 feet above normal and many people had to flee. 1693 October 29 From the Royal Society of London, There happened a most violent storm in VA which stopped the course of ancient channels and made some where there never were any. 1749 October 19 Tremendous hurricane. A sand spit of 800 acres was washed up and with the help of a hurricane in 1806 it became Willoughby Spit. The Bay rose 15 feet above normal. Historical records list the following tropical storms as causing significant damage in Virginia: September 1761; October 1761; September 1769; September 1775; October 1783; September 1785; July 1788. -
Virginia HURRICANES by Barbara Mcnaught Watson
Virginia HURRICANES By Barbara McNaught Watson A hurricane is a large tropical complex of thunderstorms forming spiral bands around an intense low pressure center (the eye). Sustained winds must be at least 75 mph, but may reach over 200 mph in the strongest of these storms. The strong winds drive the ocean's surface, building waves 40 feet high on the open water. As the storm moves into shallower waters, the waves lessen, but water levels rise, bulging up on the storm's front right quadrant in what is called the "storm surge." This is the deadliest part of a hurricane. The storm surge and wind driven waves can devastate a coastline and bring ocean water miles inland. Inland, the hurricane's band of thunderstorms produce torrential rains and sometimes tornadoes. A foot or more of rain may fall in less than a day causing flash floods and mudslides. The rain eventually drains into the large rivers which may still be flooding for days after the storm has passed. The storm's driving winds can topple trees, utility poles, and damage buildings. Communication and electricity is lost for days and roads are impassable due to fallen trees and debris. A tropical storm has winds of 39 to 74 mph. It may or may not develop into a hurricane, or may be a hurricane in its dissipating stage. While a tropical storm does not produce a high storm surge, its thunderstorms can still pack a dangerous and deadly punch. Agnes was only a tropical storm when it dropped torrential rains that lead to devastating floods in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. -
Cindy 3 – 7 July 2005
Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Cindy 3 – 7 July 2005 Stacy R. Stewart National Hurricane Center 14 February 2006 Cindy was a relatively short-lived tropical cyclone. A post-storm reanalysis indicates Cindy was a category 1 hurricane just offshore and while making landfall along the southeastern coast of Louisiana. The hurricane produced heavy rainfall across coastal areas of southeastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and caused minor wind damage in the New Orleans metropolitan area. Cindy was also the first of five named tropical cyclones that developed during an unusually active month of July. The post-storm reanalysis upgrade of Cindy to hurricane status means 15 Atlantic basin hurricanes occurred in 2005, a new record for a year. a. Synoptic History The tropical wave that eventually developed into Cindy moved westward off the coast of Africa on 24 June. The wave moved quickly westward for the next three days and produced little convection. However, by 28 June, deep convection developed along the northern portion of the wave axis when it was located just east of the Lesser Antilles. The southern portion of the wave broke away and continued westward, while the northern portion containing the active convection moved west-northwestward across the northern Caribbean Sea. On 3 July, thunderstorm activity had become more concentrated over the northwestern Caribbean Sea and satellite classifications were initiated. Nearby surface and buoy observations revealed a broad low pressure area had developed and, later that day, reports from a United States Air Force Reserve Unit reconnaissance aircraft indicated a tropical depression had formed at 1800 UTC about 70 n mi east of Chetumal, Mexico. -
Fatalities Due to Hurricane Katrina's Impacts In
FATALITIES DUE TO HURRICANE KATRINA’S IMPACTS IN LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Ezra Boyd B.A., The University of Chicago, 1999 M.A., The University of New Orleans, 2003 August 2011 © Copyright 2011 Ezra Clay-Kelly Boyd All Rights Reserved ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the people of southeast Louisiana who lost their homes and family members to the 2005 flood disasters. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest appreciation for the support and assistance from the many people who helped make this dissertation possible. My committee members, Dr. Barry Keim, Dr. Marc Levitan, Dr. Ivor van Heerden, Dr. Craig Colten, and Dr. Troy Blanchard, all provided extremely helpful advice, insights, encouragement, and companionship. I would like to particularly acknowledge the personal sacrifices that Dr. van Heerden has had to endure because of his dedicated pursuit of the true underlying causes of this horrible disaster. During a time of tragic loss and overwhelming sorrow, Dr. Louis Cataldie and Frances Kosak, of the Louisiana State Medical Examiner’s Office, embraced my research goals, allowed me into their world, and shared their data and experiences with me. Their openness and support made this research possible. A number of my classmates and colleagues have provided invaluable advice and data. These people include DeWitt Braud, Hampton Peele, Ahmet Binselam, Stephanie Pedro, and many others. Also, I want to thank the many LSU students who assisted in the field surveys. -
The Impact of Hurricane Ivan on the Primary Productivity and Metabolism of Marsh Tidal Creeks in the Northcentral Gulf of Mexico
Aquat Ecol (2008) 42:391–404 DOI 10.1007/s10452-007-9096-0 The impact of Hurricane Ivan on the primary productivity and metabolism of marsh tidal creeks in the NorthCentral Gulf of Mexico Just Cebrian Æ C. Drew Foster Æ Rochelle Plutchak Æ Kate L. Sheehan Æ Mary-Elizabeth C. Miller Æ Andrea Anton Æ Kelly Major Æ Kenneth L. Heck Jr. Æ Sean P. Powers Received: 2 April 2007 / Accepted: 7 April 2007 / Published online: 22 May 2007 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Past research has examined hurricane concentration in the sediment of the marsh tidal impacts on marine communities such as seagrass creeks. The results observed for Hurricane Ivan were beds, coral reefs, and mangroves, but studies on how coincident with those observed for four other major hurricanes affect marsh tidal creeks are lacking storms that made landfall close to the study area despite the important ecological roles that marsh during 2005, Tropical Storm Arlene and Hurricanes tidal creeks have in coastal ecosystems. Here we Cindy, Dennis, and Katrina. However, the apparent report on the impact of Hurricane Ivan, which made negative impact of major storms on the sediment of landfall on September 16, 2004, on the primary the marsh tidal creeks did not seem to be long-lived productivity and metabolism of six marsh tidal creeks and appeared to be dissipated within a few weeks or in the NorthCentral Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane months after landfall. This suggests that marsh tidal did not seem to have any large, lasting impact on creeks mostly covered with bare sediment are less nutrient concentrations, primary productivity, metab- disturbed by hurricanes than other types of marine olism, and chlorophyll a concentration in the water- communities populated with bottom-attached and/or column of the marsh tidal creeks. -
“Every Hurricane Leaves You with Different Priorities”: Preparation, Cultural Response, and Narrative Entitlement
“EVERY HURRICANE LEAVES YOU WITH DIFFERENT PRIORITIES”: PREPARATION, CULTURAL RESPONSE, AND NARRATIVE ENTITLEMENT by © Virginia S. Fugarino A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Folklore Memorial University of Newfoundland October 2015 St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador ABSTRACT The United States Gulf Coast is a region with a long-standing history of hurricanes. As such, the residents of this region have a wide variety of experiences in dealing with the threats and actualities of hurricanes. Although the region has experienced numerous storms in its history, this discussion focuses on Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005) and Hurricane Ike (2008). Central to this discussion is the idea that safety is a concern important to all people involved before a hurricane but that the expressions of this concern can vary both on an institutional and individual level. In this way, this thesis looks at preparation both from a media perspective (as media presents a construction of preparation based upon using official sources) and from the residents’ perspectives. News articles from the New Orleans Times-Picayune and the Houston Chronicle are drawn from the days leading up to hurricane landfall—the period when preparation messaging is prominent in the media. Content analysis of these articles (influenced by Zhang and Fleming 2005 and Choi and Lin 2008) develops a sense of the media narrative of preparation. In juxtaposition, this thesis also examines residents’ approaches of hurricane preparation through analysis of personal experience narratives. Through fieldwork interviews and archival research, this thesis analyzes narratives from the Greater New Orleans and Houston areas. -
Overview of the Record Breaking 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season Overview of the Record Breaking 2005
NationalNational HurricaneHurricane ConferenceConference OverviewOverview ofof thethe RecordRecord BreakingBreaking 20052005 AtlanticAtlantic HurricaneHurricane SeasonSeason AprilApril 12,12, 20062006 MaxMax MayfieldMayfield andand StaffStaff NATIONALNATIONAL HURRICANEHURRICANE CENTERCENTER 2005 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON STATISTICS MIN. MAX. DIRECT U.S. NAME DATES PRESS WINDS DAMAGE (MB) (MPH) DEATHS ($ million) TS ARLENE 8 - 13 JUN 989 70 1 minor TS BRET 28 - 30 JUN 1002 40 1 H CINDY 3 - 7 JUL 991 75 1 320 H DENNIS 4 - 13 JUL 930 150 (4) 42 2230 H EMILY 11 - 21 JUL 929 160 (5) 6 minor TS FRANKLIN 21 - 29 JUL 997 70 TS GERT 23 - 25 JUL 1005 45 TS HARVEY 2 - 8 AUG 994 65 H IRENE 4 - 18 AUG 970 105 (2) TS JOSE 22 - 23 AUG 998 60 6 H KATRINA 23 - 30 AUG 902 175 (5) 1200 75000 TS LEE 28 AUG - 2 SEP 1006 40 H MARIA 1 - 10 SEP 962 115 (3) H NATE 5 - 10 SEP 979 90 (1) 2005 ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON STATISTICS MIN. MAX. DIRECT U.S. NAME DATES PRESS WINDS DAMAGE (MB) (MPH) DEATHS ($ million) H OPHELIA 6 - 17 SEP 976 85 (1) 1 70 H PHILIPPE 17 - 24 SEP 985 80 (1) H RITA 18 - 26 SEP 895 180 (5) 7 10000 H STAN 1 - 5 OCT 977 80 (1) 80 ST UNNAMED 4 - 5 OCT 997 50 TS TAMMY 5 - 6 OCT 1001 50 minor H VINCE 8 - 11 OCT 988 75 (1) H WILMA 15 - 25 OCT 882 185 (5) 22 16800 TS ALPHA 22 - 24 OCT 998 50 26 H BETA 26 - 31 OCT 962 115 (3) TS GAMMA 14 - 21 NOV 1002 50 37 TS DELTA 22 - 28 NOV 980 70 H EPSILON 29 NOV - 8 DEC 981 85 TS ZETA 30 DEC - 6 JAN 994 65 SEASONSEASON HIGHLIGHTSHIGHLIGHTS •• MostMost activeactive AtlanticAtlantic hurricanehurricane seasonseason ofof recordrecord --28 28 stormsstormsdeveloped developed includingincluding 2727 namednamed tropicaltropical stormsstorms andand oneone subtropicalsubtropical storm.storm. -
Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements in Tropical Cyclones
University of Central Florida STARS Faculty Bibliography 2000s Faculty Bibliography 1-1-2008 Raindrop size distribution measurements in tropical cyclones Ali Tokay Paul G. Bashor Emad Habib Takis Kasparis University of Central Florida Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Bibliography at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Bibliography 2000s by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Tokay, Ali; Bashor, Paul G.; Habib, Emad; and Kasparis, Takis, "Raindrop size distribution measurements in tropical cyclones" (2008). Faculty Bibliography 2000s. 1060. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2000/1060 MAY 2008 TOKAY ET AL. 1669 Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements in Tropical Cyclones ALI TOKAY Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland PAUL G. BASHOR Computer Sciences Corporation, NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia EMAD HABIB Department of Civil Engineering, and Center for Louisiana Water Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana TAKIS KASPARIS School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (Manuscript received 14 December 2006, in final form 31 May 2007) ABSTRACT Characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in seven tropical cyclones have been studied through impact-type disdrometer measurements at three different sites during the 2004–06 Atlantic hurricane sea- sons. One of the cyclones has been observed at two different sites. High concentrations of small and/or midsize drops were observed in the presence or absence of large drops. -
Procurement ID Number
MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SIGNIFICANT WASHOVER FEATURES: TEXAS GULF SHORELINE Kimberly K. McKenna, P.G. Final Report to the Texas General Land Office GLO Contract No. 06-076C August 2007 TASK IV DELIVERABLE FINAL REPORT TO THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE GLO Contract No. 06-076C, Work Order No. 1348-07-001 August 2007 MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SIGNIFICANT WASHOVER FEATURES, TEXAS GULF SHORELINE Kimberly K. McKenna, P.G. P.O. Box 9586 Newark, Delaware 19714 [email protected] FINAL REPORT TO THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE GLO Contract No. 06-076C, Work Order No. 1348-07-001 August 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Washover areas along the Texas Gulf of Mexico shoreline have low elevations and are vulnerable to flooding during storms. Meteorological data, including information on wind, storm surge and other parameters were compiled for nine significant storms for further evaluation for impacts to five Priority Areas along the Texas barrier island shoreline. The areas in order of priority include: A. South Padre Island; B. Follets Island; C. Mustang Island; D. West Galveston Island; and E. East Matagorda Peninsula. Aerial photography was reviewed for each of the Priority Areas surrounding the storm time period. A list was compiled that shows the aerial photographic data sets that best represent the storm for a particular Priority Area, and (98) 9X9 aerial photographs were chosen for scanning and georeferencing. This study delineated washover areas for the five Priority Areas and summarizes data sources that are available for evaluating overwash processes that impact the Texas Gulf shoreline. These washover areas were digitized from May 2006 aerial photographs and included in a GIS data layer.