Arctic Safety Issues
Dr. Nataly Marchenko
The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway Arctic Technology Department
03.03.2015 1 Outline l Introduction l Arctic Shipping. Who, why, when and how? l Arctic Challenges. Sea Ice l Ship accidents in the Arctic l Maritime preparedness
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 2 The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) - The northernmost university
• Gate to the Polar Ocean • Area with increased strategic significance • Well suited to observe climate change… • Use nature as laboratory • Investigation of Sea Ice properties. Full scale experiments
UNIS
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the3 North PetroArctic project. 2008-2012 l Offshore and Coastal Technology for Petroleum Production and Transport from Arctic Waters – Norwegian Research Council l Task 8: Collection of ice pilot experiences from sealers/sailors Accidents with ice in the Russian Arctic since 1900
SEA Kara Laptev E. Chuk Total Siberian chi Forced 12 7 3 7 29 Reasons: drift Drift/ nipping Over 8 6 9 8 31 wintering Ice floe hit Shipwreck 6 2 4 7 19 Ice jet Damage 4 2 5 4 15 Total 30 17 21 26 94
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 4 CURRENT PROJECTS
SAMCoT - Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology (NTNU and 18 research and industrial partners) 2011-2016 Research Council of Norway and companies
MARPART - MARITIME PREPAREDNESS AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP IN THE HIGH NORTH (University of NORDLAND and 8 partners), 2014-2016 Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Nordland County Administration
SMIDA - Safety of Maritime operation and sustainable industrial development in the Arctic (UNIS and 5 universities ) 2012-2015 Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 5 Arctic Shipping.
Who, why, when and how?
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 6 Ship traffic in Arctic. Global perspective
http://weathernews.com/TFMS/
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 7 Ship traffic in Arctic. Polar perspective
Oil and Gas Passenger transport ships
Fishing Cargo vessels transport
http://www.arkgis.org/
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 8 Arctic Shipping. ArkGIS. Arctic perspective Sea ice concentration and ship traffic patterns. 2012 September March
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North http://www.arkgis.org/ 9 Sea ice general features
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice
Schematic representation of an hypothetical scenario showing some of the most common sea-ice related features. The bear provides an approximate scale for this scenario.
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North
10 Sea ice maps
Northern Sea Route Administration Global Ice Concentration Data is Web-site. AARI Provided by Weathernews Inc.
http://nsra.ru/ru/icecharts/ http://www.arctic-lio.com/nsr_ice N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 11 Sea ice induced accidents 1. Freighter Nina Sagaydak, 1983. Chukchi Sea 3. Tanker Nordvik, 2013. Kara Sea
2. Cruise ship Maksim Gorkiy, 1989. Greenland Sea http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/2007_Arctic_Sea_Ice.jpg
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 12 1. CHUKCHI SEA. 1983 Early cold autumn + North-westerly wind
30 vessels (5 October. 9:20) damages 1 vessel Lost Many vessels westbound
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 13 CHUKCHI SEA. Two Pilots Island. 1983
(5 October. 9:50 – 6 October (7 October) 24:00)
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 14 CHUKCHI SEA. Two Pilots Island. 1983 (8 October – 9 October 02:15)
Photos courtesy Far East Ship Company
03.03.2015
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 15 2. Greenland Sea. 20.06.1989
23.05 – Maksim Gorkiy collided with the ice. A crucial maneuver resulted in a 10 m long rip in the hull in addition to some smaller rips in the bow 00.05 – Maxim Gorky’s Captain sent an emergency message on the distress frequency 500 kHz requesting assistance At 00.40 on the 20th of June 1989, the Captain on board the Norwegian Coast Guard vessel KV Senja received a message from Svalbard radio that a vessel positioned 60 nm West of Isfjorden required assistance
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 16 Vessel in distress
575 passengers (73 quiet old and infirm) , 378 crew members.
Photo by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/ Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag %20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 17 Help comming
The Senja reached the area at 4:20 a.m., about five hours after the accident, and all the passengers were picked up within three hours. Ice field – 1,5 nm wide, 1 m thick Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/Konsern/Media/SINTEF- seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag%20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov %202012.pdf 03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 18 Rescue
Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/ Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag %20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 19 On the board of Senja
Photos by Odd Mydland http://www.sintef.no/upload/ Konsern/Media/SINTEF-seminar%20foredrag/Foredrag %20Sigurd%20Kleiven%205%20nov%202012.pdf
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North
20 3. Kara Sea.04.09.2013 A tanker Nordvik loaded with diesel fuel was holed by an ice floe and suffered ingress of water.
Sea Ice Compactness 7-10
Sea Ice Compactness 1-6
Base map: AARI - http://www.aari.nw.ru/projects/ECIMO/ModuleLoad.php? mod=d0015&in=1
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 21 Reloading of fuel
September 10 , 2013 The hole has been plugged with a cement box and the water ingress has stopped. There was no information about any leakage of oil.
September 11, 2013 a total of 1800 liters of diesel oil was reloaded from the Nordvik into the tanker Boris Vilkitsky.
http://funfix.ru/post/48126/
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North
03.03.2015 22 September, 12 - Nordvik and Boris Vilkitsky were accompanied by two nuclear-powered icebreakers, the Taymyr and the Vaigach, out of the Matisen strait.
September, 14 – They came to open water September, 17 – They left NSR water and went to Anabar river
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 23 Arctic Shipping. Svalbard Area as a model for the future?
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North
24 Ship traffic in Svalbard area
4 main group vessels: 1) Tourist, 2) Cargo, 3) Research, 4) Fishing.
Ship traffic has Increased in recent years as a result of increased cruise traffic. Ship traffic has large seasonal variation. For example, from January to May - 10 -20 fishing vessel. From June to August there are approximately 30-40 vessels. From September to December there are approximately 50-60 vessels. Tourist season starts in May with about 2 ships. In July-August there are 15 to 30 ships, in September - around 10, and 2-4 ships at the end of the season until October .. http://www.portlongyear.no/sites/p/portlongyear.no/files/ e52bbc5f891653fa5c527d9594aeaf22.pdf
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 25 Ship traffic in Svalbard Area Passenger-blue lines; Fishing vessels – yellow line Spring Summer Autumn Winter
General Cargo – blue lines, Bulk ships – orange, Tankers (Chemical product and oil) – red reefers – green and other activities in white
http://www.arkgis.org/ 03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 26 3 types of tourist ship/cruises
Overseas 1000-3800 pax
Expedition – 10-200 pax Day excursion– 20-60 pax.
http://www.kystverket.no/PageFiles/1706/Risk%20assessment%20regarding %20piloting%20service%20or%20pilot%20exemption%20certificate%20on %20Svalbard.pdf N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 27 03.03.2015 Ship Accidents in Svalbard area
220 km
430 km
03.03.2015 28 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North Svalbard Area Maritime preparedness
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North
29 Svalbard. Available resources
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 30 Arctic Survival Kit
Part of Longyearbyen Red Cross (LRC) emergency equiment
• Field Hospital – 1 Surgery room – 4 Care Units capacity 100 people • Emergency Response Unit – Tents 150 pepole – 30 bags, containing Arctic Survival gear, capacity 240 people – Total capacity 400 people
Jørgen Haagensli, Tomas Ringen 03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 31 Arctic Survival Kit
30 bags, each bag containing equipment for 8 Survivors 1 Waterproof bag with the following gear : • 4 Jervenbags kings size Thermo extreme. An Arctic lifesaver • 2 Sleeping pads • 8 Bottles of water • 8 Heatpack • 1 Readyheat heatblanket • 1 Samsplint First-Aid Pillow
Jørgen Haagensli, Tomas Ringen
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 32 Dornier
P-3 Orion
4 2 h h
Norwegian C-130 Hercules
33 25.09.2014 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014
05.00 “esplosion”
06:12 First helicopter came. About 80 "injured" people on shore, "KV Svalbard" and helicopter in background
http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/ 11/a.htm cooperative exercise the Norwegian Directorate of Health, health administration, institutions in Northern Norway,
The hospital in Longyearbyen, the Governor on Svalbard, Longyearbyen municipality and other local institutions and organizations.
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 34 The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014
http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm
03.03.2015 N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 35 The Svalbard Exercise 3-6 November 2014
12. 30 daylight is back and last people getting pickup with the "Super Puma" http://www.stefanclaes.com/2014/HTML/11/a.htm
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 36
Acknowlegement
SAMCoT project
SMIDA project
MARPART project
Colleagues at UNIS
Thank you for your attention
N. Marchenko_Warming of the North 03.03.2015 37