Parks Pares Canada Canada I'lEirtTiLtj Guide to Canada's , •National Historic Paj^g kerosene and thus laid the basis for the Ceffe publication est aussi disponible en Introduction ber board consists of two representatives each from Ontario and Québec and one petroleum industry; Charlie Edenshaw, français. the Haida Carver; Nellie McClung, the pi­ From the remains of a Viking settlement from each of the eight other provinces, Cover: Yukon Territory, and Northwest Territories. oneer women's rights advocate; John at L'Anse aux Meadows and the inven­ Hamilton Gray, a Father of Confederation; Bellevue House National Historic Park. Kingston. tions of Alexander Graham Bell to the now A representative from National Museums Ontario of Canada, the Dominion Archivist, and and sites such as the group of inuksuit silent gun batteries of Fort Rodd Hill and near Cape Dorset, Baffin Island - stone The drawings in this guide were drawn for the beacon of Fisgard Lighthouse, each an officer from Parks Canada complete Parks Canada by C. William Kettlewell. the board's membership. cairns "in the likeness of a person." These national historic park in this guide relates cairns dotted the coastline and caribou Published by authority of a rich story of Canada's history. Canada's national historic park system the Minister of the Environment was initiated in 1917 with the establish­ grounds of northern Canada to guide trav­ ' Minister of Supply and Interpretive programmes with tour ellers, mark good fishing, or guide caribou Services Canada 1982 guides, historical displays, and audio­ ment of Fort Anne at Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia as the first national historic towards hunters. They are testimony to QS-7054-000-EE-A1 visual presentations offer visitors a better the ingenuity of northern native peoples. Catalogue No. R62-103 1982E understanding of and appreciation for our park. Since then more than 60 national ISBN 0-662-11912-6 Many national historic parks are open 1982 cultural heritage. At Fort Langley and historic parks representing a variety of to visitors year-round, but most are open HAUGHION i.KAl'HK s l l.MlîM i Lower Fort Garry, for example, men, historical themes have been developed in women, and children in period costume locations across the country. during the summer season only, from mid- present a glimpse of life in another cen­ As well, more than 700 national historic spring to early autumn. Exact dates and tury. At the Fortress of Louisbourg, visitors plaques across Canada now commemor­ hours of operation for each park and site Canada have the opportunity to sit down to an ate persons such as Abraham Gesner, the can be obtained by writing to one of Parks 18th-century meal. geologist and inventor who first distilled Canada's regional offices. See the inside back cover of this brochure for addresses The national historic parks of Canada and telephone numbers. commemorate persons, places, and events that have been declared of national The historic parks and sites described significance by the minister responsible on the following pages are examples of for Parks Canada on the recommendation special places in Canada to celebrate the of the Historic Sites and Monuments achievements of our ancestors. Board of Canada. The seventeen-mem- Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Park, near Sydney, Nova Scotia National Histoid Parks Ontario ~*^<. 19 Fort St. Joseph British Columbia 20 Fort Maiden 1 Fort Rodd Hill 21 Woodside 2 Fisgard Lighthouse 22 Fort George Nova Scotia 3 St. Roch 23 Butler's Barracks 52 Fort Edward 4 Fort Langley 24 Queenston Heights and Brock's 53 Grand Pré 5 Kitwanga Monument 54 Fort Anne 6 Fort St. James 25 Kingston Martello Towers 55 Port Royal Alberta 26 Bellevue House 56 Halifax Waterfront Buildings 7 Rocky Mountain House 27 Battle of the Windmill 57 Halifax Citadel Yukon 28 Fort Wellington 58 Prince of Wales Martello Tower 8 Klondike Sites 29 Rideau Canal 59 York Redoubt 9 S.S. Klondike 30 Bethune Memorial House 41 Fort No. 1 60 Fortress of Louisbourg Saskatchewan Québec 42 Battle of the Châteauguay 61 Alexander Graham Bell 10 Fort Walsh 31 Fort Témiscamingue 43 Louis S. Saint-Laurent 62 St. Peters Canal 11 Cypress Hills Massacre 32 Coteau-du-Lac 44 Québec Canals Prince Edward Island 12 Battleford 33 Sir Wilfrid Laurier House 45 Lachine Canal 63 Fort Amherst 13 Batoche 34 Fort Chambly 46 Jacques Cartier Monument 64 Province House 14 Fort Espérance 35 Fort Lennox New Brunswick Newfoundland Manitoba 36 Les Forges du Saint-Maurice 47 Beaubears Island 65 Port au Choix 15 Lower Fort Garry 37 The Fortifications of Québec 48 St. Andrews Blockhouse 66 L'Anse aux Meadows 16 Riel House 38 Artillery Park 49 Carleton Martello Tower 67 Signal Hill 17 Fort Prince of Wales 39 Cartier-Brébeuf 50 Survival of the Acadians 68 Cape Spear 18 York Factory 40 National Battlefields of Québec 51 Fort Beauséjour 69 Castle Hill Québec 31 Fort Témiscamingue 32 Coteau-du-Lac 33 Sir Wilfrid Laurier House 34 Fort Chambly 35 Fort Lennox Ontario 36 Les Forges du Saint-Maurice 19 Fort St. Joseph 37 The Fortifications of Québec 20 Fort Maiden 38 Artillery Park 21 Woodside 39 Cartier-Brébeuf 22 Fort George 40 National Battlefields of Québec 26 Bellevue House 41 Fort No. 1 23 Butler's Barracks 27 Battle of the Windmill 24 Queenston Heights and Brock's 42 Battle of the Châteauguay 28 Fort Wellington 43 Louis S. Saint-Laurent Monument 29 Rideau Canal 25 Kingston Martello Towers 44 Québec Canals 30 Bethune Memorial House 45 Lachine Canal /? Nova Scotia 52 Fort Edward 53 Grand Pré 54 Fort Anne 55 Port Royal 56 Halifax Waterfront Buildings 57 Halifax Citadel 58 Prince of Wales Martello Tower 59 York Redoubt 60 Fortress of Louisbourg 61 Alexander Graham Bell 62 St. Peters Canal Prince Edward Island Québec 63 Fort Amherst 46 Jacques Cartier Monument 64 Province House New Brunswick Newfoundland 47 Beaubears Island 65 Port au Choix 48 St. Andrews Blockhouse 66 L'Anse aux Meadows 49 Carleton Martello Tower 67 Signal Hill 50 Survival of the Acadians 68 Cape Spear 51 Fort Beauséjour 69 Castle Hill illuminate targets. With these additions Fisgard Lighthouse Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Park National Historic Site Victoria, British Columbia Fort Rodd Hill became the most extensive coastal artillery fortification on the west Victoria, British Columbia Fort Rodd Hill overlooks the entrance to coast of Canada. Fisgard Lighthouse stands as a historic Esquimau Harbour - a commanding site In 1956, with the advent of missiles and reminder of the role of navigation on the for coastal artillery gun batteries. The up­ west coast of Canada. per and lower batteries were constructed nuclear weapons, coastal artillery for­ in 1895 and provided secure and strategic tifications became obsolete. Today the The need for a lighthouse at the en­ positions for three heavy 6-inch disap­ Fort Rodd Hill fortifications of 1895 and trance to Esquimalt Harbour was recog­ pearing guns and emplacements installed 1899 are still largely intact, and together nized by Admiral Baynes, who in 1858 in 1896. Fort Rodd Hill was then one of with later constructions and modifications recommended the erection of a light that two powerful forts defending Esquimalt they are a remarkable record of the his­ "would enable vessels to enter the har­ and Victoria. tory of the Victoria-Esquimalt coastal bour at any time of night; at present it is defences. almost impossible after dusk, the en­ Belmont Battery was constructed at Visitors can walk the self-guided tour of trance being so difficult to distinguish." Ford Rodd Hill in 1899 when lighter guns Fisgard Island, an outcrop of volcanic were needed to defend Esquimalt Har­ Fort Rodd Hill; signs and displays along the way explain the history of coastal de­ granite near the entrance to Esquimalt bour against torpedo-boat or launch Harbour, was the site selected for the attack. Two 12-pounder quick-firing guns fences in the area. Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Park is open year-round. lighthouse. On November 16,1860, were mounted here in 1900, and search Fisgard Lighthouse became the first navi­ lights were positioned on the shoreline to Mailing address for more information: Fort Rodd Hill National Historic Park gational aid to be located on the west 501 Belmont Road coast of what was then known as British Victoria, British Columbia North America. V9C1B5 (604)388-1092 Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site, Fort Rodd Hill, British Columbia St. Roch National Historic Site Fort Langley National Historic Park buildings include the palisade, bastion, ar­ Vancouver, British Columbia Forf Langley, British Columbia tisan's shop, trade store, and blacksmith's The St. Roch, a short, two-masted 40 km southeast of Vancouver forge. The Big House, the scene of the schooner, was described by her skipper, Built on the south bank of the Fraser ceremonial declaration of British Colum­ Staff Sergeant Henry Larsen, as "an ugly River by the Hudson's Bay Company, Fort bia as a British colony, contains offices duckling." As an arctic supply and patrol Langley played a major role in the devel­ and living quarters of the chief trader and vessel for 26 years, however, the ship and opment of what is now the province of senior clerk. her crew did much to establish Canadian British Columbia. Animators in period costume demon­ sovereignty in the North. She also has the In 1827 the fort was constructed four strate the various trades and tasks of the distinction of being the first ship in history kilometres downriver, but was moved in day. In the cooper's shop visitors can see to sail the Northwest Passage in both di­ 1839 to its present location closer to the how barrels were made for packing rections, first to travel the northern deep- fertile Langley prairie.