PRACTICE – ORGANIC NOMENCLATURE ************************************************************************

Directions: Write your answers to the following questions in the space provided. Use complete sentences for word answers. You may use a periodic table to assist you.

Part A

1. What is an organic compound?

2. What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated compound? Give an example of each.

3. Draw structural formulas for the five isomers of C6H14.

4. What is the general molecular formulas for alkanes? What would the molecular formula be for an alkane containing 10 carbon atoms? 13 carbon atoms?

1 5. Draw the structural formulas for a. pentane b. octane c. propane

6. Name the following molecules. a. b.

CH3

CH2

CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH3

CH2 CH2

CH3 CH3

7. Draw the structural formulas for each of the following.

a. 2,2,4,4­tetramethylpentane b. 4­ethyl­2­methylhexane

c. 5­propyldecane d. 2,2­dimethylbutane

2 Part B

8. What is an alkene? Would an alkene be considered a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon? Why?

9. What type of isomers commonly occur with alkenes? Describe the difference in the arrangement of those isomers.

10. Write out the general molecular formulas for an alkene containing: a. four carbon atoms b. seven carbon atoms c. twelve carbon atoms

11. Name the following molecules. a. b. H CH3 CH C CH CH CH CH C C 2 2 3 CH3 CH3 CH3

12. Draw the structural formulas for

a. 3­ethyl­3­methyl­1­pentene b. 2­methyl­1,3­butadiene

3 c. 3­methyl­2­pentene d. 3­ethyl­2,2­dimethyl­3­heptene

13. What type of bonds do alkenes contain? Are they considered saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons? What is their general molecular formula?

14. Draw the structural formulas for each of the following. a. 1­decyne b. 6,6­dimethyl­3­heptyne

c. 1,6­heptadiyne d. 4­methyl­2­pentyne

4 15. Draw and name two different condensed structural formulas for molecules of each of the following types of hydrocarbons containing eight carbon atoms. a. alkane

b. alkene

c. alkyne

Part C

16. Write the general formula for each of the following. a. alcohol e. ketone

b. ether f. carboxylic acid

c. alkyl halide g. ester

d. aldehyde h. amine

5 17. Classify each compound as one of the following: alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ether, alkyl halide, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amine. a. 3­hexanone j. 2­butanol b. pentyl ethanoate k. 1,2­dichloroethane c. nonane l. 3­pentene d. ethyl propyl ether m. triethylamine e. 2­heptyne n. 1,2­dibromopropane f. octanoic acid o. 2­iodopropane g. methanal p. 1,2­propanediol h. q.

CH3 N CH3 O

CH3 CH3 C O CH2 CH3

i. r.

CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH2 CH3 Br 18. Aldehydes and ketones both contain the same functional group. Why are they classified as separate classes of organic compounds?

19. Why can a carboxyl group not be in the middle of a carbon­atom chain?

20. What odor do you think cinnamaldehyde is responsible for? The IUPAC name for cinnamaldehyde is 3­phenyl­2­propenal. Based on its name, to which class of compounds does it belong?

6 21. From Question 17, draw the structural formulas for letters a­g and j­p and name the compounds illustrated in h ,i, q, and r.

Name Structural Formulas

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

7 Name Structural Formulas

j.

k.

l.

m.

n.

o.

p.

q.

r.

8