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Whatever Happened to the Garden City?

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Whatever Happened to the Garden City? NASRIN SERAJI WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE GARDEN CITY? DESIGN FOLIO FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG Content 4 Project Details 6 Summary of the Work and its Significance, Originality, and Rigor 17 Originality 24 Rigor 28 Significance 32 Dissemination and Evidence of Peer Review 40 Bibliography 42 Appendix Project Details Author Nasrine Seraji AADIPL FRIBA Practice Atelier Seraji Architectes & Associés Title What Ever Happened to the Garden City? The Tremelière Garden Villages Output Infrastructure, Landscape Function Landscape and urban strategies for 65 hectares of agricultural land Practical Completion Phase One, 2017; Phase Two, anticipated comple- tion 2020 Client Commune du Rheu, Rennes Metropole , Territoire and Archipel Habitat 4 Funding Body The City of Le Rheu, Territoire and Rennes Metro- pole Budget First Phase 4 Million Euros (landscaping, road and parking infrastructure and distribution of flood ba- sins. ***the budget of the housing is not included in the municipality’s budget) Area / Size 62 hectares (divided into four phases) including the Humid Zone (Non ædificandi) Contractor Main contractor: Eiffage Construction Contributing partners Neuveux Rouyer (Landscape Architects only at competition stage) SETUR (Roads, Networks and Services- smart city engineering) 1 Overall view of the first phase of the Garden City 5 from the North towards the city of Le Rheu Summary of the Work and its Significance, Originality, and Rigor Whatever Happened to the Garden City? is a unique design and research project that proposes a new strategic plan for Le Rheu, a town of 7,600 inhabitants situated in the region of Île et Vilaine in north-western France. It was developed in the 1960s as an alternative plan by the French urban planner Gaston Bardet, who was a fierce critic of Le Corbusier and follower of Ebenezer Howard’s ideas of the “Garden City.” Our project expands upon his initial vision for cities composed of a more humanist rigour and structure, including public and cultural shared facilities as well as four major public parks of various themes. 6 7 Our strategic plan, awarded through an international competition, builds upon the prophecies of Bardet and imagines a new town that incorporates landscape as a structural device for city planning. As chief architects and urban planners of the town, we have developed a ten- year plan that proposes a new urban 8 extension through a “concerted open method” of design—one that will include spontaneous urban growth generated by specific economic and demographic constraints within the pre-existing town and its rural periphery. This method led to a concerted project and its appropriation by the public. The strategic urban plan was implemented through the construction of 450 housing units completed in 2018. More generally, the project has stimulated a rediscovery of the work of Gaston Bardet, his ideas on social urbanism, his writings, and the wealth of research he produced based on the work he did on the town. Following our proposed interventions, the town was registered as a “Cité Jardin”, with a registered ecological sector/ corridor safe guarding rare species passage on the northern part of the site as well as ensuring a humid corridor/ zone in case of drought. It currently forms the core of a new “Plan Local d’Urbanisme” which has transformed the regional policies, urban, and landscape regulations of the town of Le Rheu. 10 11 The community’s understanding of the proposed actions has been largely improved by the concertation methods we used for planning. Our proposal has been exhibited at a range of venues and locations, including the Town Hall of Le Rheu, and at the forum des “Projets Urbains” at the Palais des Congrés at Porte Maillot, Paris. It has been reviewed in a dozen of popular local and regional journals as well as professional magazines, including Place publique, Amc, and Le Moniteur. 12 13 14 15 2 450 housing units - First Village of the Garden City Pour que ce projet soit un sucCEs, nous devons oublier nos habitudes, faire preuve Le macro-lot n°1 doit d’imagination et de donner le “la” pour le pragmatisme ... futur quartier de la TREmelIEre. Il doit Etre exemplaire en terme d’architecture mais Egalement en terme de proCEdure. Le mardi 15 février dans les locaux de TERRITOIRE, Nasrine Seraji prend alors la parole, rappelle les grands enjeux de ce projet Monsieur le Maire lance lʼatelier n°1. et précise le déroulement de cette première journée dʼatelier. Pour commencer, une visite sur place est organisée. A lʼissue de la visite, un plan de travail est La météo clémente permet à chacun de mesurer les potentiels de ce site. établi pour les 2 ateliers suivants. 3 Workshops with municipal and client teams 16 Puis chacun des architectes présentent ses réflexions sur la thématique choisie lors de lʼatelier n°1. Originality • The method of consultation (concerted workshops) and the tools used (large scale dynamic models, graphic storyboards) have proven to effectively communicate with the clients, the municipality, and the public allowing an important contribution to knowledge in community based planning and architecture. • The transformation of political and social instruments in urban planning. Usually, in urban planning, architects/ urban planners produce a master plan which is then endorsed by the various decision makers (Mayor, elected members of the municipal government, the clients, the public 17 associations). In the Le Rheu project, the process of approval was authorship by the stakeholder’s appropriation of the project. For the first time in its history, a small town of 8000 inhabitants were given the choice to select what type of strategic planning they would undertake. Following a series of workshops and ateliers involving local developers, housing societies, landlord associations, other selected architects, local authorities, and the elected members of the town hall, we developed a plan that incorporated the views of the community. This step ensured the designers, the governing bodies, the funding association,s and the users to all be involved in planning (community based planning) and appropriating the project 18 Le 5 avril 2011, au Domaine de Cicé Blossac à Bru se déroule le troisième et dernier atelier de réflexion pour le macro-lot n°1. Cette journée de travail permet de synthétiser lʼensemble des études menées par les architectes et valider un certains nombres de principes qui guideront les différents acteurs du macro-lot n°1. Imbrications collectifs et intermédiaires - 1:200 Principe du stationnement - 1:200 Imbrication du paysage et de lʼinfrastructure - 1:200 Vue de lʼaccès au parc ... depuis la montée des Tilleuls. Espace ludique 19 Proposition intégrant un équipement public. almost as the plan’s authors. In adherence to Bardet’s argument that through participatory design modes, “the 20 urban planner is hence no longer the one who constructs a plan but the one who instructs it.” (Bardet 1945). 21 Research Questions • How can the Garden City Venez les of early 20th Century be enfants, allons transformed to the Ecological faire une City of the 21st Century? promenade dans • How can existing landscapes les jardin structure an urban plan? suspendus ... • Can architectural types be inspired by their landscape context and not the contrary (landscape decorating architecture). • How planning and architecture can involve and include the population, municipality, and the funding bodies as collaborators of the urban planning team? (community planning) Vue plongeante depuis un logement vers les jardins supendus. Venez les enfants, allons faire une promenade dans les jardin suspendus ... 4 Vue plongeante depuis un logement vers les jardins supendus. 23 An extract of the graphic novel presented to the public Rigor • The system of concerted urbanism is robust, producing a rigorous method of development • Analytical, discursive, descriptive, and hypothetical scripting investigations • Fabrication of 3-D additive models as well as specific drawings (scales), interviews, and workshops were conducted from inception to completion. As a participative process, the project implied working with a variety of methods and stakeholders. Meetings, workshops, and debates were held at three scales, with specific representations. The meetings (four in total in a four-month period) were held between the architects 24 chosen through an open competition system, the urban planners (ourselves), the funding bodies, the municipality, and the mayor. Following which a plenary meeting of all the elected representatives of the municipality would take part in a twice four-hour workshop and finally and twice a year an open public lecture and debate with the citizens. • Physical additive large-scale models allowed for a consistent base for discussion. These models also allowed for every participant to fully understand the scale of interventions. 25 5 Book One page extracts 26 • Three comprehensive books recorded our research, the archival material, and the proposals to be shared by all participants. • The drawings were of three types: Manga graphic novels, sectional axonometrics for ease of understanding of programme superimpositions as well as isometrics and scenario perspective sketches. These drawings described and enabled the public to comprehend and not feel alienated by architectural drawings. • Every presentation was introduced through a set of studies and precedents that either served as concrete examples or possible points of departure. 27 Significance The project’s significance lies in its connection to the ideas of Gaston Bardet and their roots in Ebenezer Howard’s concept of the Garden City. Our research furthers this historical discourse by suggesting that landscape and geographical conditions of the site needs to be the structuring device of new urban development. The research is also influenced by the ideas and concepts of Rem Koolhaas on the city, specifically “What Ever Happened to Urbanism?” a text in SMLXL. This reading initiated us to suggest that the hybrid of landscape and urbanism will plausibly be the future of the rural.
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