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UPLanD – Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & environmental Design, 5(2), 29-38 [2020] Research & experimentation Ricerca e sperimentazione Climate resilient cities. Introducing two complementary projects’ approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Libera Amentaab, Antonia Arenab aDepartment of Urbanism, Delft University of Technology, NL bDepartment of Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, IT Highlights • Developing adaptive solutions to reduce climate change risks • Increasing the preparedness of decision makers to cope with climate change issues • Implementing Urban Living Labs as innovative environments for learning, producing and sharing knowledge, and developing resilient solutions • Stressing the positive impacts of Ecosystem Services and Blue and Green Infrastructures on urban systems and human health • Understanding wastescapes as a resource for implementing Ecosystem Services Abstract Article history The risks related to climate change for urban settlements are referred, among oth- Received: March 04, 2020 - Reviewed: June 18, 2020 ban context, certain areas suffer more than others when an extreme climate event Accepted: June 26, 2020 ers, to extreme weather phenomena as pluvial flooding and heat weaves. In the ur On line: July 03, 2020 exploring solutions to mitigate negative impacts of climate change is an urgent need happens, having negative effects on the built environment and human health. Thus, possible approaches and tools to identify adaptive solutions to reduce climate change risks,for urban and planners,also to increase architects the and preparedness decision makers. of decision This paper makers is aiming to cope to with introduce these the developing paradigm of Ecosystem Services and Blue and Green Infrastructures positivelychallenges. impacting To do so, thison urbanpaper, systemsat first, introduces and human the health; problem, then looking it stresses at it throughthe po- tentialities of the methodology of Urban Living Labs as innovative environments for learning, where to produce and share knowledge about the topic and developing - longing to the ongoing research program of the Department of Architecture of the Keywords related solutions. Then, it introduces two complementary projects’ approaches be Climate change discussesUniversity to of whatNaples extent Federico the UrbanII, in Italy, Living to copeLab approach with climate could change be implemented issues. Finally, in Ecosystem services together with the identification of the strengths of the two experiences, this paper Green and blue infrastructures Adaptive solutions the further developments of the two projects, opening in this way to new possible perspectives of research. Copyright 2020 Libera Amenta, Antonia Arena ISSN online 2531-9906 | Open access article under Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License 30 Libera Amenta, Antonia Arena Climate resilient cities 31 1. Introduction taneously environmental, functional and societal cuses on the mode of operation of natural cycles, issues, and to assess the effects of climate change underlying, at the same time, the importance of Nowadays, climate change is an undeniable fact ture of the University of Naples Federico II, to define on urban settlements (European Commission, worldwide (European Commission, 2015; IPCC, both spatial and socio-ecological adjustments to - 2014; 2019); studies and researches have been (Piattaformaclimate change, per understood LA gestioNe as adei ‘wicked rischi problem’Naturali approachefficiency toand the efficacy evaluation of systems of urban (Kabisch performance, et al., in(Termeer ambiEnti et al.,uRbanizzati, 2016). The Programmafirst one is “PLANNER” Operativo has2016). been In thisincreasingly sense, the explored knowledge in aboutthe last the years con considering2017). Moreover, both theES candemand contribute and supply to change of envi the- change is producing diverse harmful effects on Regionale POR CAMPANIA FESR 2014/2020, re- (Wolch,nection Byrnebetween & Newell,human 2014)and ecosystems’ toward the health iden- ronmental quality (Giaimo & Barbieri 2018; Corti- urbanproving, and through human scientific health (McMichael, evidence, thatWoodruff climate & sponsible authority STRESS Scarl - Sviluppo Tec- - - system perspective, enhanced or human-induced by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), in The risks related to climate change for urban set- cura ed ecosostenibile), and it focuses on how climatetification change of adaptation resulting strategies. from human “From population an eco novis & Geneletti, 2018). Since its first definition- tlementsHales, 2006; are Orimoloye referred toet al.,extreme 2019). weather phe- thenologie preparedness e Ricerca perof decisionl’Edilizia makers Sismicamente in hazard Si increase, rapid urbanisation and fossil-fuel-based visioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ser- situation can be facilitated and improved through industrialisation is both a consequence as well as a which benefits obtained from ES are split into pro- are reduced or worsened due to the morphology, driver for further ecosystem responses and urban spatialnomena structures as pluvial floodingand characteristics, and heat weaves; as well both as developing a platform for facilitating the manage- vices, ES linked benefits to beneficiaries introduc due to the functional qualities of both buildings mentthe use of ofnatural a technological risks in urbanized platform. environments, PLANNER is This is an issue discussed at different levels, lo- ing a new point of view – which we call ‘customer - based on the environmental, and socio-economic cally,environmental nationally change” and internationally, (Kearns et al. 2014,focusing p. 54). on territoriesoriented’ nowadays capacity to(Cortinovis product and & Geneletti to use ecosys 2019)- ban context, certain areas suffer more than others the importance to put at the centre of the debate – oriented to the beneficiaries rather than to the and open spaces. It has been shown that, in the ur- the human right to both health and healthy envi- characteristics of the contexts investigated. The tem goods and services. - temperatureswhen an extreme are climateregistered, event the happens phenomenon (D’Am forsecond the Municipalstudy case Plan explores of Volturara how, through Irpina ‘research (AV) im- European Union is engaging with climate change visioningThe widespread services, classification regulating ofand ES intomaintenance different ofbrosio Urban & Leone,Heat Island 2017). (UHI) Thus, can when be observed; severely highthis plementsby design’ adaptive(Roggema, solutions 2017), the to planningmitigate processclimate byronment providing (Carlarne directives & Depledge, and measures 2019). to In reach fact, the categories (Haines- Young & Potschin 2018) – pro- shows that certain urban areas are suffering more change related problems with the purpose to im- stand the importance of ES into planning pro- from higher temperatures if compared with others with energy, already by 2030; eventually, by 2050, cessesservices, and and their cultural potentialities services –to helpsembed to climateunder which are located close by; UHI can be exacerbat- objectives related to climate, linked with the ones ed by heat waves which happen more often, due to toprove highlight the resilience to what extentof urban this systems. methodology Finally, could both - regulating services can be considered the most beprojects helpful are to discussed structure intomore the sustainable framework planning of ULLs there is the aim for Europe to become “the world’s change adaptive solutions. The provisioning and- By building on the methodology developed in the processes leading to the implementation of inno- Therefirst climate-neutral is great interest continent” for this theme (European in the scienCom- duction of climate change effects because they are climate change (Brown et al., 2018). - - mission, 2020). important to produce efficient results for the re tation the conclusions stress the strengths and the - project ‘REPAiR: REsource Management in Peri-ur weaknessvative solutions. of the two In agreement experiences, with and this open interpre to new banismtific disciplines, and architecture, even if, only which recently, aim toit hasmeasure been forlinked health to goods quality or such energy as spacesoutput forfrom recreation, ecosystems. for ban AReas: Going Beyond Urban Metabolism’ (see thegaining impacts attention of climate for the change fields at of different studies scalesof ur Cultural services provide complementary benefits more at: http://h2020repair.eu/project-results/) proposeand on further the Urban literature Living review Lab (ULL) (e.g. methodoloSteen, K., &- possible research perspectives. is aiming to introduce ULLs as a possible approach ESmental are andinterrelated physical healthwith urban care, tourismdesign ofservices. public gyvan as Bueren, a tool to E., overcome 2017a, 2017b), possible in knowledge this paper, gaps we (D’Ambrosio & Leone, 2017). Therefore, this paper- Benefits provided by ES can be more visible when 2. Background cation of adaptive solutions aimed to mitigate the - as environments where to develop a common un- to improve the knowledge related to the identifi spaces. - derstandingabout climate of changeclimate issues. change ULLs risks are and presented where to outlines how in ULLs strategies to improve the lyGreen planned Infrastructures network of (GI) high – definedquality