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Efficacy of Recommended Drugs Against Soil Transmitted Helminths
RESEARCH Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil transmitted BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.j4307 on 25 September 2017. Downloaded from helminths: systematic review and network meta-analysis Wendelin Moser,1,2 Christian Schindler,2,3 Jennifer Keiser1,2 1Department of Medical ABSTRACT 43.4% (23.5% to 63.3%; P=0.049) and the cure rates Parasitology and Infection OBJECTIVE fell from 38.6% (26.2% to 52.7%) to 16.4 (7.7% to Biology, Swiss Tropical and To evaluate efficacies of anthelmintic drugs against 31.3%; P=0.027). Public Health Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland soil transmitted helminths in terms of cure rates and CONCLUSIONS 2University of Basel, Basel, egg reduction rates. All four currently recommended drugs show Switzerland DESIGN limitations in their efficacy profile. While only 3 Department of Epidemiology Systematic review and network meta-analysis. albendazole showed good efficacy against hookworm and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health DATA SOURCES infection, all drugs had low efficacy againstT trichiura. Institute, PO Box, CH-4002 PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, The decrease in efficacy of albendazole againstT Basel, Switzerland the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, and the trichiura over the past two decades is of concern. The Correspondence to: J Keiser findings indicate the need for strengthening efforts to [email protected] World Health Organization library database from 1960 until 31 December 2016. develop new drug treatments, with a particular focus Additional material is published on drugs against T trichiura. online only. To view please visit STUDY SELECTION the journal online. -
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DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published July 30 Dis Aquat Org Oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 11: Gyrodactylus sp. J. L. Tojo*, M. T. Santamarina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ABSTRACT: A total of 24 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of gyro- dactylosis in rainbow trout Oncorhj~nchusmykiss. In preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. Twenty-two of the drugs tested (aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, b~thionol,chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, flubendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, n~etronidazole,mclosamide, nitroxynil, oxibendazole, parbendazole, piperazine, praziquantel, roni- dazole, secnidazole, tetramisole, thiophanate, toltrazuril and trichlorfon) were ineffective Triclabenda- zole and nitroscanate completely eliminated the infection. Triclabendazole was effective only at the screening dosage (40 g per kg of feed for 10 d), while nitroscanate was effective at dosages as low as 0.6 g per kg of feed for 1 d. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylosis . Rainbow trout Treatment. Drugs INTRODUCTION to the hooks of the opisthohaptor or to ulceration as a result of feeding by the parasite. The latter is the most The monogenean genus Gyrodactylus is widespread, serious. though some individual species have a restricted distri- Transmission takes place largely as a result of direct bution. Gyrodactyloses affect numerous freshwater contact between live fishes, though other pathways species including salmonids, cyprinids and ornamen- (contact between a live fish and a dead fish, or with tal fishes, as well as marine fishes including gadids, free-living parasites present in the substrate, or with pleuronectids and gobiids. -
Comparative Efficacies of Commercially Available Benzimidazoles Against Pseudodactylogyrus Infestations in Eels
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 4 Dis. aquat. Org. l Comparative efficacies of commercially available benzimidazoles against Pseudodactylogyrus infestations in eels ' Department of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Pharmacy, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej. DK-1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark ABSTRACT: The antiparasitic efficacies of 9 benzimidazoles in commercially avalable formulations were tested (water bath treatments) on small pigmented eels Anguilla anguilla, expenmentally infected by 30 to 140 specimens of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. (Monogenea).Exposure time was 24 h and eels were examined 4 to 5 d post treatment. Mebendazole (Vermox; 1 mg 1-') eradicated all parasites, whereas luxabendazole (pure substance) and albendazole (Valbazen) were 100 % effective only at a concen- tration of 10 mg I-'. Flubendazole (Flubenol), fenbendazole (Panacur) and oxibendazole (Lodltac) (10 mg l-') caused a reduction of the infection level to a larger extent than did triclabendazole (Fasinex) and parbendazole (Helmatac).Thiabendazole (Equizole), even at a concentration as high as 100 mg l-', was without effect on Pseudodactylogyrus spp. INTRODUCTION range of commercially available benzimidazole com- pounds. If drug resistance will develop under practical The broad spectrum anthelmintic drug mebendazoIe eel-farm conditions in the future, it is likely to be was reported as an efficacious compound against infes- recognized during treatments with commercially avail- tations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla with gill able drug formulations. Therefore this type of drug parasitic monogeneans of the genus Pseudodactylo- preparations were used in the present study. gyms (Szekely & Molnar 1987, Buchmann & Bjerre- gaard 1989, 1990, Mellergaard 1989). -
Bulletin Leading the Fight Against Heartworm Disease
BULLETIN LEADING THE FIGHT AGAINST HEARTWORM DISEASE SEPTEMBER HEARTWORM 2017 Q&A VOLUME 44 No. 3 Heartworm History: In What Year Was Heartworm First INSIDE THIS ISSUE Treated? Page 4 From the President Page 8 Research Update Abstracts from the Literature Page 14 Heartworm Hotline: Role of Heat Treatment in Diagnostics Page 19 NEW! Best Practices: Minimizing Heartworm Transmission in Relocated Dogs uestions from members, prac- published in the 1998 AHS Symposium 1 titioners, technicians, and the Proceedings. Dr. Roncalli wrote, “The Page 21 Qgeneral public are often submit- first trial to assess the efficacy of a Welcome Our New AHS ted to the American Heartworm Society microfilaricide (natrium antimonyl tar- Student Liaisons (AHS) via our website. Two of our AHS trate) was conducted some 70 years Board members, Dr. John W.McCall and ago (1927) in Japan by S. Itagaki and R. Page 25 Dr. Tom Nelson, provided the resources Makino.2 Fuadin (stibophen), a trivalent In the News: Surgeons to answer this question: In What Year antimony compound, was tested, intra- Remove a Heartworm from Was Heartworm First Treated? venously, as a microfilaricide by Popescu the Femoral Artery of a Cat The first efforts to treat canine heart- in 1933 in Romania and by W.H. Wright worm disease date back to the 1920s. Dr. and P.C. Underwood in 1934 in the USA. Page 26 Nelson referenced a review article by Dr. In 1949, I.C. Mark evaluated its use Quarterly Update Raffaele Roncalli, “Tracing the History of intraperitoneally.” What’s New From AHS? Heartworms: A 400 Year Perspective,” Continues on page 7 American Heartworm Society / PO Box 8266, Wilmington, DE 19803-8266 Become an American Heartworm Society www.heartwormsociety.org / [email protected] fan on Facebook! Follow us on Twitter! OUR GENEROUS SPONSORS PLATINUM LEVEL PO Box 8266 Wilmington, DE 19803-8266 [email protected] www.heartwormsociety.org Mission Statement The mission of the American Heartworm Society is to lead the vet- erinary profession and the public in the understanding of heartworm disease. -
A Call to Support Francophone African
KNOWLEDGE BRIEF Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice A CALL TO SUPPORT FRANCOPHONE Public Disclosure Authorized AFRICAN COUNTRIES TO END THE TREMENDOUS SUFFERING FROM NTDs Gaston Sorgho, Fernando Lavadenz and Opope Oyaka Tshivuila Matala December 2018 KEY MESSAGES: • Eighteen Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and Malaria account together for 22% of the total burden of communicable diseases in 25 Francophone African Countries (FPACs). Public Disclosure Authorized • The cumulative impact of NTDs decreases the quality of life of households, slows economic growth and results in millions of dollars in lost economic productivity annually. For example, the World Bank (WB) estimates annual losses of US$33 million in Cameroon, US$13 million in Chad and US$9 million in Madagascar. • Of the 18 NTDs, 5 can be controlled by preventive chemotherapy (PC) through safe Mass Drug Administration (MDA). • In 2017, the WB launched the Deworming Africa Initiative (DAI), with the purpose of raising the profile of NTDs control and elimination efforts among endemic Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to eliminate NTDs as a public health threat. • DAI’s strategy seeks to reduce the burden of NTDs in 3 key population groups that mostly impact on human capital: young children (12-23 months), pregnant women, and school-age children (SAC) (5-14 years of age). To achieve this objective in a sustainable way, DAI supports Country efforts to strengthen the coordinated engagement of the health, education, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and economic sectors with a national prevention and control strategy. • The WB's total annual investments in NTDs control have increased from US$3.3 million in 2013 to US$13.9 million in 2018. -
(12) 按照专利合作条约所公布的国际申请w O 2016/062277
卜 (12) 按照专利合作条约所公布的国际申请 (19) 世界知识 组织 国 际 局 (10) 国际公布号 (43) 国际公布 日 W O 2016/062277 A 1 2016 年 4 月 28 日 (28.04.2016) W P O P C T (51) 国转 利分类号: (74) 代理人 : 北京元本知识产权代理事务所 (BEIJING A61K 31/7048 (2 6 A61K 31/4985 (2006.01) Y U A B E N INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW O F A61K 31/4184 (2006.01) A61K 31/00 (2006.01) FICE); 中 国北 京 市 海 淀 区花 园路 12 号 时代 玉 成 A61K 31/415 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) 403, Beijing 100088 (CN ) 。 A61K 31/429 (2006.01) (81) 指定国 (除另有指 明,要求每一种可提供 的国家保 (21) 国际申请号: PCT/CN20 15/092746 护 ):AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, (22) 国际申请 曰: 2015 年 10 月 23 日 (23. 10.2015) CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, (25) 申请语言: 中文 GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, (26) 公布语言: 中文 LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, (30) 优先权: RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, 62/068,298 2014 年 10 月 24 日 (24. 10.2014) U S SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, (71) 申请 人 :朗齐生物 医学股份有 限公司 (LAUNX VC, VN, ZA, ZM, Z BIOMEDICAL CO., LTD.) [CN/CN]; 中 国台湾 省 高 (84) 指定国 (除另有指 明,要求每一种可提供 的地 区保 雄 市 前 金 区 自强 一 路 32 巷 1 号 2 楼 ,Taiwan 801 护):ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, (CN) RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), 欧亚 (AM, AZ, (72) 发明人 : 陈丘泓 (CHEN, Chiu-Hung); 中国台湾省高 BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), :洲 (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, 雄 市前金 区 自强一路 32 巷 1 号,Taiwan 801 (CN) 。 CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, 庄秀 (CHUANG, Show-Mei); 国台湾 省 台 中市 IS, -
Computational Studies of Drug Repurposing Targeting P-Glycoprotein Mediated Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes in Agents of Neglect
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.147926; this version posted June 12, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Computational studies of drug repurposing targeting P- glycoprotein mediated multidrug-resistance phenotypes in agents of neglected tropical diseases Nivedita Jaishankar 1, Sangeetha Muthamilselvan 2, Ashok Palaniappan 1,2* 1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No. 1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk 602117. India 2 Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401. India * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Mammalian ABCB1 P-glycoprotein is an ATP- dependent efflux pump with broad substrate specificity associated with cellular drug resistance. Homologous to this role in mammalian biology, the P-glycoprotein of agents of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) mediates the emergence of multidrug- resistance phenotypes. The clinical and socioeconomic implications of NTDs are exacerbated by the lack of research interest among Big Pharma for treating such conditions. This work aims to characterise P-gp homologues in certain agents of key NTDs, namely (1) Protozoa: Leishmania major, Trypanosoma cruzi; (2) Helminths: Onchocerca volvulus, Schistosoma mansoni. PSI-BLAST searches against the genome of each of these organisms confirmed the presence of P-gp homologues. Each homologue was aligned against five P- gp sequences of known structure, to identify the most suitable template based on sequence homology, phylogenetic nearest neighbor, and query coverage. -
Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I. -
Veterinary Guide to Resistance & Parasites
Veterinary Guide to Resistance & Parasites How to make the Get Rotation Right deworming strategy part of your equine health wellness protocol. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| GET ROTATION RIGHT Resistant parasites – veterinary involvement is needed now. Deworming has come a long way in the past 50 years – from products that were nearly toxic and required complicated tubing to the easy-to-administer dewormers we know now. As more horse owners recognize the value of regular deworming, past troublemakers such as large strongyles have become much less of a threat. Still, deworming is nothing to take lightly. As internal parasites become more resistant, your expertise is needed Horseowners unknowingly more than ever to make sure deworming programs remain efficient contribute to resistance. and effective. Only with veterinary involvement will we control parasite • Rotating brand names, not populations, combat resistance and get rotation right. chemical classes – general confusion about when and RESISTANCE IS REAL: MULTIPLE DRUGS, MULTIPLE PARASITES. how to use different classes • No new drug class since avermectins in 1981. of dewormers. • Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes.1-3 • Lack of knowledge about • Pyrantel resistance in cyathostomes and ascarids.4-8,11 resistance issues. • Ivermectin and moxidectin resistance among ascarids.8,9,11 • Deworming many horses more • Early warning signs of macrocyclic-lactone-resistant cyathostomes.10 frequently than necessary. • Health-related issues caused by parasites: • Misunderstanding about the ~ Ascarids (roundworms) unique properties of larvicidal Verminous pneumonia: cough, nasal discharge, low-grade fever treatments and how to maximize Unthriftiness – rough hair coat their efficacy. Intestinal obstruction/colic • Underdosing their horses. Intestinal perforation leading to peracute death Decreased performance and reduced weight gain ~ Cyathostomes (small strongyles) Most common in young and old horses, but can afflict any horse. -
Equine Recommended Deworming Schedule
EQUINE FIELD SERVICE EQUINE RECOMMENDED DEWORMING SCHEDULE ADULT HORSE SCHEDULE n LOW SHEDDERS (<200 EPG – eggs per gram of manure) Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and fall) SPRING (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®), moxidectin (Quest®) FALL (October) – ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®) n MODERATE SHEDDERS (200 – 500 EPG) Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring (ideally spring and fall) SPRING (March) – Ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare, etc), moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur® PowerPak) LATE SUMMER (July) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®, etc), fenbendazole (Panacur®, Safe-Guard®) EARLY WINTER (November) – ivermectin w/praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®) n HIGH SHEDDERS (>500 EPG) Fecal Egg Count performed prior to deworming in spring and fall to monitor for signs of resistance SPRING (March) – ivermectin (Equell®, Zimectrin®, Rotectin®, IverCare®), moxidectin (Quest®) or double-dose of fenbendazole for 5 days (Panacur® PowerPak) SUMMER (June) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®), fenbendazole (Panacur, SafeGuard®) or Oxibendazole (Anthelcide®) FALL (September) – ivermectin w/ praziquantel (Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®) or moxidectin with praziquantel (Quest Plus®) WINTER (December) – pyrantel pamoate (Strongid paste®, TapeCare Plus®), fenbendazole (Panacur®, -
General Horse Care MP501
MP501 General Horse Care DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating General Horse Care General Nutrition and Feeding Management ...............................................................................1 Determining the Amount to Feed ......................................................................................2 Selecting Grain and Hay ....................................................................................................3 Vaccinations ..................................................................................................................................5 Deworming ...................................................................................................................................6 Parasite Control via Manure Management .......................................................................7 Resisting Resistance .........................................................................................................7 Deworming Schedules ......................................................................................................7 Recognizing the Signs of Equine Colic ........................................................................................8 Preventing Barn Fires ...................................................................................................................9 Overview Mark Russell Instructor - Animal Science University -
Review Article a BRIEF REVIEW on the MODE of ACTION of ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS
Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2017, 67 (2), 137-152 UDK: 615.284.03 DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0013 Review article A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS ABONGWA Melanie, MARTIN Richard J., ROBERTSON Alan P.* Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA (Received 01 May, Accepted 24 May 2017) Anthelmintics are some of the most widely used drugs in veterinary medicine. Here we review the mechanism of action of these compounds on nematode parasites. Included are the older classes of compounds; the benzimidazoles, cholinergic agonists and macrocyclic lactones. We also consider newer anthelmintics, including emodepside, derquantel and tribendimidine. In the absence of vaccines for most parasite species, control of nematode parasites will continue to rely on anthelmintic drugs. As a consequence, vigilance in detecting drug resistance in parasite populations is required. Since resistance development appears almost inevitable, there is a continued and pressing need to fully understand the mode of action of these compounds. It is also necessary to identify new drug targets and drugs for the continued effective control of nematode parasites. Key words: anthelmintic, parasite, benzimidazoles, avermectins, cholinergic, emodepside, derquantel INTRODUCTION Anthelmintics are drugs that are used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths) [1]. There are three major groups of helminths namely: nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (fl ukes) and cestodes (tapeworms). These groups of helminths are divided into two phyla; nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (trematodes and cestodes) [2]. Anthelmintics either kill worms or cause their expulsion from the body, without causing any signifi cant damage to the host [3].