(12) 按照专利合作条约所公布的国际申请w O 2016/062277

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(12) 按照专利合作条约所公布的国际申请w O 2016/062277 卜 (12) 按照专利合作条约所公布的国际申请 (19) 世界知识 组织 国 际 局 (10) 国际公布号 (43) 国际公布 日 W O 2016/062277 A 1 2016 年 4 月 28 日 (28.04.2016) W P O P C T (51) 国转 利分类号: (74) 代理人 : 北京元本知识产权代理事务所 (BEIJING A61K 31/7048 (2 6 A61K 31/4985 (2006.01) Y U A B E N INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW O F A61K 31/4184 (2006.01) A61K 31/00 (2006.01) FICE); 中 国北 京 市 海 淀 区花 园路 12 号 时代 玉 成 A61K 31/415 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) 403, Beijing 100088 (CN ) 。 A61K 31/429 (2006.01) (81) 指定国 (除另有指 明,要求每一种可提供 的国家保 (21) 国际申请号: PCT/CN20 15/092746 护 ):AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, (22) 国际申请 曰: 2015 年 10 月 23 日 (23. 10.2015) CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, (25) 申请语言: 中文 GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, (26) 公布语言: 中文 LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, (30) 优先权: RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, 62/068,298 2014 年 10 月 24 日 (24. 10.2014) U S SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, (71) 申请 人 :朗齐生物 医学股份有 限公司 (LAUNX VC, VN, ZA, ZM, Z BIOMEDICAL CO., LTD.) [CN/CN]; 中 国台湾 省 高 (84) 指定国 (除另有指 明,要求每一种可提供 的地 区保 雄 市 前 金 区 自强 一 路 32 巷 1 号 2 楼 ,Taiwan 801 护):ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, (CN) RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), 欧亚 (AM, AZ, (72) 发明人 : 陈丘泓 (CHEN, Chiu-Hung); 中国台湾省高 BY, KG, KZ, RU, TJ, TM), :洲 (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, 雄 市前金 区 自强一路 32 巷 1 号,Taiwan 801 (CN) 。 CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, 庄秀 (CHUANG, Show-Mei); 国台湾 省 台 中市 IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, 南屯区大业路 563 号 7 楼之 3, Taiwan 408 (CN) 。 萧 GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG) 。 乃文 (HSIAO, Nai-Wan); 中国台湾省台中市南区五 权 南 一路 5 1 号 13 楼 之 7, Taiwan 402 (CN) 。 梁瑞 本国际公布: 岳 (LIANG, Ruei-Yue); 中 国台湾 省 台 中市南 区 国 - 包括 国际检索报告(条约第 2 1 条( 3)) 。 光 路 250 号 ,Taiwan 40227 (CN) 。 陈筱很 (TAN, Xiao-Tong); 中国台湾 省 台 中市南 区国光路 250 号, Taiwan 40227 (CN) 。 (54) Title: (54) 发明名称 驱虫药用于制备抗癌 医药组合物 中的应用 (57) Abstract: Applications of an anthelmintic in preparing an anticancer pharmaceutical composition. The anthelmintic i s selected fi om one or more among an anti-nematode agent, an anti-tapeworm agent, an anti-trematoda agent, an anti-amoeba agent, an antipro - tozoal agent, and other anti-parasite medicaments. (57) 摘要 : 驱虫药在制备抗癌 医药组合物 中的应用 ,所述驱虫药选 自抗线虫药 、抗绦虫药 、抗吸虫药 、抗变形 虫药、抗原虫药 、其他抗寄生虫用药 中的一种或 多种 。 驱 虫药用 于制 备抗癌 医药组合 物 中的应用 技 术 领 域 本 发 明为 多 种 驱 虫 药 的新 适 应 症 的应 用 ,尤 其 该 多 种 药 物 为 卫 生 署 核 准 上 市 的药 物 且 具 有 抑 制 多 种 癌 症 的用 途 。 背 景 技 术 癌 症 长 期 高 居 全 球 死 因之 首 ,且 罹 患癌 症 人 数 更 是 逐 年 攀 升 ,因此 治 疗 癌 症 俨 然 成 为 重 要 的课 题 。癌 症 的 治 疗 可 区 分 为 手 术 治 疗 、放 射 线 治 疗 、 化 学 治 疗 及 标 靶 治 疗 。 一 般 来 说 ,癌 症 药 物 治 疗 无 论 是 化 学 治 疗 或 标 靶 治 疗 , 目的 多 是 让 癌 细 胞 无 法 复 制 、 分 裂 ,来 阻 断 肿 瘤 的蔓 延 扩 张 。在 临床 治 疗 选 择 上 ,通 常 会 结 合 一 到 数 种 化 疗 药 物 以及 标 靶 治 疗 ,希 望 能 藉 由不 同机 制 来 杀 死 癌 细 胞 以提 高 治 疗 效 果 ,但 事 实 上 ,还 是 常 遇 到 患 者 对 于 治 疗 药 物 的 反 应 不 佳 。此 外 ,许 多 癌 细 胞 相 继 产 生 抗 药 性 ,使 药 物 的使 用 成 效 大 幅 降低 ,最 终 导 致 癌 症 治 疗 失 败 。 尽 管 如 此 ,癌 症 药 物 开 发 依 然 是 重 要 的 医 学 议 题 ,开 发 过 程 必 须 经 过 繁 复 的 临床 前 试 验 才 能 进 入 临床 试 验 ,根 据 统 计 ,平 均 每 一 万 个 新 药 约 只 有 五 个 能 够 进 入 第 一 期 临床 试 验 。此 外 , 除 了药 物 本 身 是 否 能 大 量 制 造 的难 题 外 ,还 需 克 服 药 物 安 全 性 、病 人 筛 选 、试 用 剂 量 等 问题 ,即便 药 物 已经 通 过 FDA 的核 准 并 上 市 ,亦 有 可 能 因上 市 后 于 人 体 发 现 不 良反 应 而 强 制 下 架 回 收 , 由此 可 见 药 物 开 发 具 有 一 定 的 困难 程 度 。 发 明 内容 有鉴于此 ,本发 明是针对通 过 临床 实验 且对 人体 无不 良反应 的多种 药物进行 新适应症 的研 发 ,而达 到老药 新用 的 目标 。 发 明人 依 据 长 年 的研 究 经 验 ,证 实 癌 症 细 胞 较 正 常 细 胞 具 有 不 同 的表 现 性 状 ,且其 型态 上 的差 异 或 是作用 机 转 的变 化亦 可视 为一种 外 来 的侵 入 者 ,此 与 寄生虫相似 ,因此 ,提 出使用 驱 虫药抑 制癌症细 胞 的发 明概念 并且进 行 实验 。 本发 明提 供一种 驱 虫药用 于制 备抗癌 医药 组合物 中的应用 ,其 中所述 医药 组 合物 是选 自由有 效剂量 的驱 虫药及 药 学上可接 受 的盐类 所 组成 。 本发 明所 述 驱 虫药 是 FDA 所 认可 的用 药 ,且 已于人体 或动物 体 中使用 数十 年 ,具有 大 量 药物 机 转及 人 体研 究成 果 数据 ,因此 ,若 应用 在 癌 症 方 面 ,这 项 新 发 展会 更 省 时 、减 少 成 本 ,也 能和 其 他 治疗 方 式 结合 来提 高 效 果 。此 外 ,现 今 癌 症 药物 费用 动 辄 上 万 至 数 百万 元 ,而 本 发 明所 述 驱 虫药对 癌 症 细 胞 具有 治 疗 功 效 ,因此对 于 无 法 负担 昂贵 治疗 的患者 们 ,这 些 便 宜而 历 史悠 久 的药物 , 会 带来新 希望 。 本发 明一 实施例 中 ,其 中所 述 驱 虫药 是选 自由抗 线 虫药 、抗 绦 虫药 、抗 吸虫 药 、抗变形 虫药 、抗 原 虫药及 其他抗 寄生虫用 药 中的一种 或 多种所 组成 的药物 。 本发 明一 实施例 中 ,其 中所述 抗线虫药 是选 自由 lvermectin 、Albendazole, Thiabendazole Oxfendazole Flubendazole Oxibendazole Levamisole Hydrochloride^ Tetramisole HCI 、 Bephenium Hydroxynaphthoate 中的一种 或 多种所 组成 的药物 。 本发 明一 实施例 中 ,其 中所述 抗 绦 虫药 是选 自由 Praziquantel, Nitazoxanide 中的一种 或 多种 所 组成 的药物 。 本 发 明一 实 施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 抗 吸 虫药 是选 自由 Praziquantel Closantel Sodium, ClosanteU 丁riclabendazole 中 的一禾中 多禾中 ί 且 的! ¾ 。 本 发 明一 实施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 抗 变 形 虫药 是 Broxyquinoline 。 本 发 明一 实 施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 抗 原 虫 药 是选 自由 Diminazene Aceturate 、 Decoquinate 中 的一种 或 多种 所 组成 的药物 。 本 发 明一 实 施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 其 他 抗 寄 生 虫 用 药 是 选 自由 Cyromazine 、 Uridine^ Fleroxacin (Quinodis) 、Guanidine HCI 中 的一种 或 多种 所 组成 的药物 。 本 发 明一 实施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 癌 症 是选 自由肺 癌 、肠 道 癌 、大肠 直 肠 癌 、前 列 腺 癌 、膀 胱 癌 、子 宫颈 癌 、乳 癌及 血 癌 中的一 种 或 多种 。 本 发 明一 实施 例 中 ,其 中所 述 有 效剂 量 为 20 -500mg/kg/ 天 。 附 图说 明 图 1 显 示 本 发 明驱 虫 药 应用 于 抑 制 各 种 癌 细 胞 的分 析 结 果 。 具 体 实施 方 式 建 立 细 胞 株 参 照表 一 ,将 不 同类 型 的癌 症 细 胞 株 进 行 继代 培 养 ,计 算 细 胞 数 目后 ,回种 2 X 106 细 胞 数 ,然 后 加 入 培养 该 细 胞株 的培养 液 补 至 体 积 为 10ml ,继 续 培养 2-3 天 。之 后将 细 胞计 数 ,并 分 装 至 96 孔 盘 ,其 中每 孔 的细 胞 数 目固定 为 3000 个 , 且体 积 为 100ul 。 表 一 、细 胞株 及 其 培养 所 用 的培养 液 癌症种类 细胞株 培养液 肺癌 Η 1650 (Lung Adenocarcinoma) RPM I A549 (Lung Adenocarcinoma) D M E M 田 ; AGS (Gastric Adenocarcinoma) RPM I M KN-45 (Gastric Adenocarcinoma) RPM I 肝癌 HepG2 (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) D M E M 直 肠 癌 HCT1 16 (Colorectal Carcinoma) D M E M LoVo (Co/orecfa/ Adenocarcinoma ) D M E M 皮 肤 癌 A375 (Amelanotic Melanoma) D M E M 子 宫 颈 癌 HeLa (Cervix Adenocarcinoma ) D M E M 前 列 腺 癌 PC3 (Prostate Adenocarcinoma) D M E M 膀 胱 癌 TSGH-8301 (Urinary Bladder Carcinoma) RPM I 乳 癌 MCF7 (Mammary Gland, Adenocarcinoma ) D M E M 血 癌 H L-60 (Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia) RPM I 细 胞 存 活 分 析 方 法 将 96 孔 盘 中 原 有 的 培 养 液 吸 掉 ,每 孔 加 入 浓 度 10µΜ 、 体 积 lOOul 的 市 售 驱 虫 药 物 ,放 置 72 小 时 后 ,每 孔 再 加 入 lOOul 已稀 释 的 WST-1 试 剂 ,该 稀 释 比 例 为 培 养 液 与 WST-1 原 液 的 体 积 比 为 9 : 1,最 后 每 个 孔 盘 的 总 体 积 为 200ul , 然 后 将 96 孔 盘 放 置 于 37 °C ,30~90 分 钟 , 利 用 elisa reader ( 酶 联 免 疫 检 测 仪 ) 于 OD450 侦 测 吸 光 值 , 并 计 算 各 癌 症 细 胞 株 的 存 活 率 。 驱 虫 药应 用 于 抑 制 癌 细 胞 分 析 结 果 本 发 明所 述 驱 虫 药 可 依 其 治 疗 的 寄 生 虫 种 类 区 分 为 抗 线 虫 药 、 抗 绦 虫 药 、 抗 吸 虫 药 、 抗 变 形 虫 药 、 抗 原 虫 药 及 其 他 抗 寄 生 虫 用 药 。 参 照 表 二 , 实 验 结 果 显 示 Tetramisole HC1 并 无 法 有 效 的 抑 制 肺 癌 细 胞 株 (H1650, A549) 、 胃 癌 细 胞 株 (AGS 、MKN-45) 、 肝 癌 细 胞 株 (HepG2) 、 直 肠 癌 细 胞 株 (HCT116 、 LoVo), 皮 肤 癌 细 胞 株 (A375) 、 子 宫 颈 癌 细 胞 株 (HeLa : 、 前 列 腺 癌 细 胞 株 (PC3) 、 膀 胱 癌 细 胞 株 (TSGH-8301) 、 乳 癌 细 胞 株 (MCF7) 及 血 癌 细 胞 株 (HL-60) 的 生 长 。 、 对 癌 症 细 胞 株 无 抑 制 效 果 之 驱 虫 药 驱 虫 药 抑 制 癌 症 细 胞 株 数 量 Tetramisole HCI 0 而 其 他 驱 虫 药 对 于 各 种 癌 症 细 胞 的抑 制 效 果 也 不 尽 相 同 ,参 照 表 三 ,表 三 中 的数 值 是 以 IC50 表 示 ,灰 色 标 记 表 示 该 驱 虫 药 物 对 于 该 细 胞 株 有 明显 抑 制 的功 效 。 胞 细 症 癌 制 抑 于 用 药 虫 驱 , 三 表 OAV s - 如表 三所 示 , Ivermectin 对肺 癌,胃癌,直 肠 癌,结肠 癌,皮肤 癌,前列腺 癌,膀胱 癌,血癌有抑 制 效果 ;Nitazoxanide (Alinia, Annita) 对肺 癌,胃癌,膀胱癌,乳 癌有抑 制 效果 ;Albendazole (Albenza) 对肺 癌,胃癌,直肠 癌,皮肤 癌,膀 胱癌,乳癌 有抑 制 效 果 ;Praziquantel (Biltricide) 对 肺 癌,胃癌,膀胱癌有抑 制 效 果 ;Thiabendazole 对 乳 癌有抑 制 效果 ;Oxfendazole 对肺 癌,胃癌,结肠 癌,皮肤 癌,乳 癌有抑 制 效果 ; Flubendazole (Flutelmium) 对肺 癌,胃癌,直 肠癌,结肠 癌,皮肤 癌,前列腺 癌,乳癌有 抑 制 效果 ;Oxibendazole 对 肺 癌,胃癌,直 肠癌,结肠 癌,皮肤 癌,前列腺 癌,乳癌有抑 制 效果 ;Levamisole Hydrochloride (Ergamisol) 对 肺 癌,胃癌,结肠 癌,皮肤 癌,前 列 腺 癌,膀胱癌,乳癌有抑 制 效 果 ;Uridine 对 肺癌,乳癌有抑 制 效果 ;Fleroxacin (Qumodis) 对肺 癌,胃癌,直肠 癌 ,结肠 癌 ,皮肤 癌,前列腺癌,膀 胱癌有抑 制 效 果 ; Guanidine HC1 对 胃癌 有抑 制 效果 ;Diminazene Aceturate 对 前列 腺癌,乳癌 有抑 制 效果 ;Closantel Sodium 对 乳癌有抑 制 效 果 ;Closantel 对直 肠 癌,乳癌 有抑 制 效果 ; Triclabendazole 对肺 癌,乳癌 有抑 制 效果 ;Decoquinate 对肺 癌,胃癌,直肠 癌,乳 癌 有抑 制 效 果 ;Cyromazme 对肺 癌,胃癌,直 肠癌,皮肤 癌,前列 腺癌,膀胱 癌,乳癌有抑 制 效果 ;Broxyquinoline 对 直肠 癌,皮肤 癌,血癌有抑 制 效果 ;Bephenium Hydroxynaphthoate ( 羟 萘 苄芬 宁 )对 皮肤 癌,乳癌有抑 制 效果 。 请 参考第 一 图,由实验 结 果可 知 ,驱 虫药包 括 Ivermectin Nitazoxanide (Alinia Annita) 、Albendazole (Albenza)> Oxfendazole 、Flubendazole (Flutelmium)> Oxibendazole 、Levamisole Hydrochloride (Ergamisol) 、Fleroxacin (Quinodis) 、 Cyromazine 对 于不 同类 型 的癌症细 胞均有 明显 的抑 制 效 果 。 而 实验 设计 的结 果显示 驱 虫药对 正常细 胞没有或 仅有微 小 的毒 性 ,但 至于 驱 虫药在 正常细 胞 与肿 瘤 细胞 之 间是否 具有选择 性 的影 响 ,还 待更 多 的研 究厘 清 ,而 且 并 非 所 有 的驱 虫 药 在 相 同 的条 件 下 均 能 有 效 的抑 制 肿 瘤 细 胞 。 上 列 详 细 说 明是 针 对 本 发 明之 一 可 行 实 施 例 的具 体 说 明 ,惟 该 实 施 例 并 非 用 以 限制 本 发 明 的专 利 范 围 ,凡 未 脱 离 本 发 明技 艺 精 神 所 为 的等 效 实 施 或 变 更 , 均 应 包 含 于 本 发 明 的专 利 范 围 中 。 权 利 要 求 书 1.
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    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published July 30 Dis Aquat Org Oral pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 11: Gyrodactylus sp. J. L. Tojo*, M. T. Santamarina Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ABSTRACT: A total of 24 drugs were evaluated as regards their efficacy for oral treatment of gyro- dactylosis in rainbow trout Oncorhj~nchusmykiss. In preliminary trials, all drugs were supplied to infected fish at 40 g per kg of feed for 10 d. Twenty-two of the drugs tested (aminosidine, amprolium, benznidazole, b~thionol,chloroquine, diethylcarbamazine, flubendazole, levamisole, mebendazole, n~etronidazole,mclosamide, nitroxynil, oxibendazole, parbendazole, piperazine, praziquantel, roni- dazole, secnidazole, tetramisole, thiophanate, toltrazuril and trichlorfon) were ineffective Triclabenda- zole and nitroscanate completely eliminated the infection. Triclabendazole was effective only at the screening dosage (40 g per kg of feed for 10 d), while nitroscanate was effective at dosages as low as 0.6 g per kg of feed for 1 d. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylosis . Rainbow trout Treatment. Drugs INTRODUCTION to the hooks of the opisthohaptor or to ulceration as a result of feeding by the parasite. The latter is the most The monogenean genus Gyrodactylus is widespread, serious. though some individual species have a restricted distri- Transmission takes place largely as a result of direct bution. Gyrodactyloses affect numerous freshwater contact between live fishes, though other pathways species including salmonids, cyprinids and ornamen- (contact between a live fish and a dead fish, or with tal fishes, as well as marine fishes including gadids, free-living parasites present in the substrate, or with pleuronectids and gobiids.
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  • Comparative Efficacies of Commercially Available Benzimidazoles Against Pseudodactylogyrus Infestations in Eels
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 4 Dis. aquat. Org. l Comparative efficacies of commercially available benzimidazoles against Pseudodactylogyrus infestations in eels ' Department of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Pharmacy, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej. DK-1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark ABSTRACT: The antiparasitic efficacies of 9 benzimidazoles in commercially avalable formulations were tested (water bath treatments) on small pigmented eels Anguilla anguilla, expenmentally infected by 30 to 140 specimens of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. (Monogenea).Exposure time was 24 h and eels were examined 4 to 5 d post treatment. Mebendazole (Vermox; 1 mg 1-') eradicated all parasites, whereas luxabendazole (pure substance) and albendazole (Valbazen) were 100 % effective only at a concen- tration of 10 mg I-'. Flubendazole (Flubenol), fenbendazole (Panacur) and oxibendazole (Lodltac) (10 mg l-') caused a reduction of the infection level to a larger extent than did triclabendazole (Fasinex) and parbendazole (Helmatac).Thiabendazole (Equizole), even at a concentration as high as 100 mg l-', was without effect on Pseudodactylogyrus spp. INTRODUCTION range of commercially available benzimidazole com- pounds. If drug resistance will develop under practical The broad spectrum anthelmintic drug mebendazoIe eel-farm conditions in the future, it is likely to be was reported as an efficacious compound against infes- recognized during treatments with commercially avail- tations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla with gill able drug formulations. Therefore this type of drug parasitic monogeneans of the genus Pseudodactylo- preparations were used in the present study. gyms (Szekely & Molnar 1987, Buchmann & Bjerre- gaard 1989, 1990, Mellergaard 1989).
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  • Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
    Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I.
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  • Repositioning of the Anthelmintic Drug Mebendazole for the Treatment for Colon Cancer
    J Cancer Res Clin Oncol (2013) 139:2133–2140 DOI 10.1007/s00432-013-1539-5 RAPID COMMUNICATION Repositioning of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole for the treatment for colon cancer Peter Nygren · Mårten Fryknäs · Bengt Ågerup · Rolf Larsson Received: 3 October 2013 / Accepted: 7 October 2013 / Published online: 18 October 2013 © The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract MBZ, but not ABZ, was found to significantly interact Purpose In the present study, we screened a compound with several protein kinases including BCR–ABL and library containing 1,600 clinically used compounds with BRAF. Analysis of the diagnosis-specific activity of MBZ the aim to identify compounds, which potentially could be showed activity in 80 % of the colon cancer cell lines in repositioned for colon cancer therapy. the NCI 60 panel. Three additional colon cancer cell lines Methods Two established colon cancer cell lines were and three cell models with non-malignant phenotypes tested using the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity were subsequently tested, confirming selective colon assay (FMCA). For compound comparison connectivity cancer activity of MBZ. map (CMAP) analysis, NCI 60 data mining and protein Conclusion MBZ seemingly has repositioning potential kinase binding measurements were performed. for colorectal cancer therapy. Results Sixty-eight compounds were defined as hits with activity in both of these cell lines (<40 % cell sur- Keywords Repositioning · Colon cancer · Therapy · vival compared with control) at 10 μM drug concentra- Benzimidazoles · Mebendazole tion. Analysis of chemical similarity of the hit compounds revealed several distinct clusters, among them the antipar- asitic benzimidazole group.
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  • Sheet1 Page 1 a Abamectin Acetazolamide Sodium Adenosine-5-Monophosphate Aklomide Albendazole Alfaxalone Aloe Vera Alphadolone A
    Sheet1 A Abamectin Acetazolamide sodium Adenosine-5-monophosphate Aklomide Albendazole Alfaxalone Aloe vera Alphadolone Acetate Alpha-galactosidase Altrenogest Amikacin and its salts Aminopentamide Aminopyridine Amitraz Amoxicillin Amphomycin Amphotericin B Ampicillin Amprolium Anethole Apramycin Asiaticoside Atipamezole Avoparcin Azaperone B Bambermycin Bemegride Benazepril Benzathine cloxacillin Benzoyl Peroxide Benzydamine Bephenium Bephenium Hydroxynaphthoate Betamethasone Boldenone undecylenate Boswellin Bromelain Bromhexine 2-Bromo-2-nitropan-1, 3 diol Bunamidine Buquinolate Butamisole Butonate Butorphanol Page 1 Sheet1 C Calcium glucoheptonate (calcium glucoheptogluconate) Calcium levulinate Cambendazole Caprylic/Capric Acid Monoesters Carbadox Carbomycin Carfentanil Carnidazole Carnitine Carprofen Cefadroxil Ceftiofur sodium Centella asiatica Cephaloridine Cephapirin Chlorine dioxide Chlormadinone acetate Chlorophene Chlorothiazide Chlorpromazine HCl Choline Salicylate Chondroitin sulfate Clazuril Clenbuterol Clindamycin Clomipramine Clopidol Cloprostenol Clotrimazole Cloxacillin Colistin sulfate Copper calcium edetate Copper glycinate Coumaphos Cromolyn sodium Crystalline Hydroxycobalamin Cyclizine Cyclosporin A Cyprenorphine HCl Cythioate D Decoquinate Demeclocycline (Demethylchlortetracycline) Page 2 Sheet1 Deslorelin Desoxycorticosterone Pivalate Detomidine Diaveridine Dichlorvos Diclazuril Dicloxacillin Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride Diethanolamine Diethylcarbamazine Dihydrochlorothiazide Diidohydroxyquin Dimethylglycine
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  • 3. Risk Assessment for Human Embryonic Development Of
    Research Signpost 37/661 (2), Fort P.O. Trivandrum-695 023 Kerala, India Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences VI, 2016: 37-47 ISBN: 978-81-308-0566-5 Editors: Diego Muñoz-Torrero, Àngela Domínguez and Àngels Manresa 3. Risk assessment for human embryonic development of triclabendazole residues in milk and cheese in the diet of a rural population in Cajamarca (Peru): A preliminary approach Núria Boix1, Elisabet Teixidó1, 2, Marta Vila-Cejudo3, Pedro Ortiz4, Elena Ibáñez3, Jesús Gomez-Catalan1, Juan M Llobet1 and Marta Barenys1,5 1GRET-CERETOX, INSA-UB and Toxicology Unit, Pharmacology and Therapeutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; 3Departament de Biologia Cel•lular Fisiologia i Immunologia, Unitat de Biologia Cel•lular, Facultat de Biociències Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; 4Laboratorio de Inmunología Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Cajamarca, Perú 5IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany Abstract. Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is a veterinary drug used against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. The Cajamarca Valley in Peru is an endemic area of fascioliasis with a high infection rate in animals producing milk for human consumption. The administration of TCBZ during the lactating period can lead to TCBZ derivative residues in milk and cheese entering the human food chain. Milk-derivatives from treated animals have been found Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Marta Barenys, Modern Risk Assessment and Sphere Biology Research Group, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine. Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 38 Núria Boix et al.
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  • Anthelmintics Are Drugs Used to Treat Parasitic Infections Due to Worms
    “ANTHEMINTICS" Presented By Mr.Ghule A.V. Assistant Professor, MES’S,College Of Pharmacy,Sonai. INTRODUCTION Helminth means worms. Helminthiasis is an infections caused by parasitic worms. Anthelmintics are drugs used to treat parasitic infections due to worms. Anthelmintics act through two mechanism . Vermicide (kill) used to kill parasitic intestinal worms. Vermifuge (expel) used to destroy or expel worms in the intestine. Helminths are 3 types Nematodes (round worms) - ascarids (Ascaris), filarias, hookworms, pinworms (Enterobius), and whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) Cestodes (tape worms) - multiple species of flat worms, Taenia saginatum, Taenia solium(cysticercosis, hydatid(echinococcus), Trematodes (flukes) – liver flukes, lung flukes, schistosoma BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURES Benzimidazoles : Albendazole , Mebendazole ,Flubendazole, Cyclobendazole Thiabendazole, Fenbendazole, Oxibendazole, Parbendazole Quinolines and isoquinolines [Heterocyclics]: Oxamniquine, Praziquantel Piperazine derivatives: Piperazine citrate, Diethyl carbamazine Vinyl pyrimidines: Pyrantel pamoate, Oxantel Amides : Niclosamide Natural products: Ivermectin Organo phosphorus: Metrifonate Imidazothiazoles: Levamisole Nitro derivatives: Niridazol BENZIMIDAZOLES Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. This bicyclic compound consists of the fusion of benzene and imidazole. Many anthelmintic drugs(albendazole, mebendazole, etc.) belong to the benzimidazole class of compounds. ALBENDAZOLE It selectively bind to nematode ß-tubulin
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  • 01 Front.Pdf (2.451Mb)
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. VETERINARY ANTHELMINTICS: THEIR EFFICACY AND EFFECTS ON ABOMASAL PHYSIOLOGY A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE in Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology at Massey University NICHOLAS CHARLES WHELAN March 1998 For Pauline, with all my love iii ABSTRACT PART 1. A Review of the Veterinary Anthelmintic Literature A comprehensive review was undertaken of the pharmacology, efficacy, side effects and toxicity of veterinary anthelmintics used against nematode parasites. Anthelmintics reviewed for use in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs and cats include copper, nicotine, arsenic, tetrachlorethylene, phenothiazine, diethylcarbamazine, piperazine, toluene, cyacethydrazide, bephenium, thenium, organophosphates, and methyridine. The review was limited to cattle for the benzimidazoles, pyrantel, morantel, tetramisole, levamisole, avermectin and milbemycins anthelmintics. Efficacy data is provided in a tabular format which classifies each anthelmintic according to method of administration and dose. PART2 Efficacy of two formulations of moxidectin pour-on and the effects of treatment on serum pepsinogen and gastrin levels and tissue gastrin in cattle Three groups of eight yearling Friesian bulls were used to compare the efficacy of two 5 g/L pour-on formulations of moxidectin applied at 1ml/10kg (500 mcg moxidectin per kg bodyweight) in removing naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites. At slaughter, 14-16 days after treatment, the burdens of Ostertagia spp. and Trichostrongylus axei were significantly lower in both the treated groups versus the controls (P<0.01 ).
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  • Screening of Benzimidazole-Based Anthelmintics and Their Enantiomers As Repurposed Drug Candidates in Cancer Therapy
    pharmaceuticals Article Screening of Benzimidazole-Based Anthelmintics and Their Enantiomers as Repurposed Drug Candidates in Cancer Therapy Rosalba Florio 1, Simone Carradori 1,* , Serena Veschi 1 , Davide Brocco 1, Teresa Di Genni 1, Roberto Cirilli 2 , Adriano Casulli 3,4 , Alessandro Cama 1,5,* and Laura De Lellis 1 1 Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; rosalba.fl[email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (S.V.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (T.D.G.); [email protected] (L.D.L.) 2 Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 3 WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in Animals and Humans), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; [email protected] 4 European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy 5 Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.C.) Citation: Florio, R.; Carradori, S.; Abstract: Repurposing of approved non-antitumor drugs represents a promising and affordable Veschi, S.; Brocco, D.; Di Genni, T.; strategy that may help to increase the repertoire of effective anticancer drugs. Benzimidazole-based Cirilli, R.; Casulli, A.; Cama, A.; De anthelmintics are antiparasitic drugs commonly employed both in human and veterinary medicine. Lellis, L. Screening of Benzimidazole- Benzimidazole compounds are being considered for drug repurposing due to antitumor activities Based Anthelmintics and Their displayed by some members of the family.
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  • Horse Dewormer Comparison Chart
    Horse Dewormer Comparison Chart Large &Small Large Strongyles Roundworms Pinworms Hairworms Threadworms Worms Stomach Lungworms Ascarids Bots Summer Sores Small Encysted Strongyles Tapeworms Active Ingredient Indications Syringe Per Treated Pounds Directions Feeding Flavor Paste/Gel 1200 lbs or 800 lbs for 22.7% oxibendazole horses and foals Anthelcide EQ Paste ● ● ● ● threadworm control horses of all ages, including Bimectin Paste 1.87% ivermectin ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● foals & mares at any stage 1250 lbs Apple of pregnancy horses of all ages, including DuraMectin Paste 1.87% ivermectin ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● foals & mares at any stage 1250 lbs of pregnancy foals, mares, including 1.87% ivermectin & pregnant & lacatating 1320 lbs Apple EquiMAX Paste 14.03% praziquantel ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● mares, ponies and breeding stallions Exodus Paste 43.9% pyrantel pamoate ● ● ● horses, foals and ponies 1200 lbs Apple Horse Health horses of all ages, including 1.87% ivermectin ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● foals & mares at any stage 1250 lbs Apple Ivermectin Paste of pregnancy horses of all ages, including IverCare Paste 1.87% ivermectin ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● foals & mares at any stage 1500 lbs Apple of pregnancy horses of all ages, including Ivermectin Paste 1.87% ivermectin ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● foals & mares at any stage 1250 lbs Apple of pregnancy Last Updated 8/9/2018 Horse Dewormer Comparison Chart Large &Small Large Strongyles Roundworms Pinworms Hairworms Threadworms Worms Stomach Lungworms Ascarids Bots Summer Sores Small Encysted Strongyles Tapeworms Active Ingredient Indications
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  • Controlling Disease Due to Helminth Infections
    During the past decade there have been major efforts to plan, Controlling disease due to helminth infections implement, and sustain measures for reducing the burden of human ControllingControlling diseasedisease disease that accompanies helminth infections. Further impetus was provided at the Fifty-fourth World Health Assembly, when WHO duedue toto Member States were urged to ensure access to essential anthelminthic drugs in health services located where the parasites – schistosomes, roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms – are endemic. The helminthhelminth infectionsinfections Assembly stressed that provision should be made for the regular anthelminthic treatment of school-age children living wherever schistosomes and soil-transmitted nematodes are entrenched. This book emerged from a conference held in Bali under the auspices of the Government of Indonesia and WHO. It reviews the science that underpins the practical approach to helminth control based on deworming. There are articles dealing with the public health significance of helminth infections, with strategies for disease control, and with aspects of anthelminthic chemotherapy using high-quality recommended drugs. Other articles summarize the experience gained in national and local control programmes in countries around the world. Deworming is an affordable, cost-effective public health measure that can be readily integrated with existing health care programmes; as such, it deserves high priority. Sustaining the benefits of deworming depends on having dedicated health professionals, combined with political commitment, community involvement, health education, and investment in sanitation. "Let it be remembered how many lives and what edited by a fearful amount of suffering have been saved by D.W.T. Crompton the knowledge gained of parasitic worms through A.
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  • Deworming Protocol
    Deworming Protocol We have two basic regimens for keeping the parasites in and on your horse to a minimum: 1. Rotational Deworming – TIME FOR A CHANGE The goal of this regimen is to try and use the most effective dewormer against the parasites present in your horse at the time and stage of their life cycle they might be susceptible to it. Since it is impossible to know all of this information at the time of deworming, we used to recommend rotating active ingredients (not brand names!) to try to prevent the parasites from becoming used to or resistant to one particular dewormer, and giving one every six to eight weeks. What we have learned over the years is that there is no one program that works for all horses. Despite rotating ingredients, parasite resistance is increasing. Most horses do not need to be dewormed so often because they are carrying low to moderate parasite burdens. Therefore our deworming protocol needs to be more individualized so that we are giving the most effective class of wormer to the right horse at the right time. The first step in improving your deworming protocol is to identify the low, moderate, and heavy parasite egg shedders. This is best done by getting a fresh fecal sample (just a few “apples”) and storing it in a sealed container in the fridge until you can get it to your veterinarian, preferably within 48 hours. You should plan on collecting this just before you are about to deworm again, or at least four weeks after the ERP (see below) of the last wormer you used.
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