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Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 – March 2016)

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Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 – March 2016) Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 – March 2016) October 2017 Fisheries Agency of Japan Table of Contents Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 8 The Purpose of this Report ............................................................................................................9 Part One. Efforts to Guarantee the Safety of Fishery Products ....................................................... 11 Chapter 1. Monitoring of Radioactive Materials in Food; Restrictions on Distribution and Other Countermeasures ..................................................................................................... 11 1-1-1 Standard Limits for Radioactive Materials in Food ............................................................... 11 1-1-2 Methods of Testing for Radioactive Materials ...................................................................... 12 1-1-3 Inspections of Fishery Products for Radioactive Materials ..................................................... 14 1-1-4 Restrictions and Suspensions on Distribution and Shipping ................................................... 17 1-1-5 Cancellation of Restrictions on Shipping and Distribution ..................................................... 19 Box 1 Calculation of the Limits for Human Consumption .............................................................. 22 Box 2 Survey of Radiation Dose from Radionuclides in Foods Calculation of the Limits .................. 23 Box 3 Examples of Local Government Monitoring Plan ................................................................ 24 Chapter 2. Results of Radioactive Cesium Inspections for Fishery Products ................................... 25 1-2-1 Inspection Results for Nationwide Fishery Products in Japan (in total) ................................... 25 1-2-2 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Fishery Products (all) ........................................ 26 1-2-3 Inspection Results for Fishery Products (all) from Outside Fukushima Prefecture .................... 29 1-2-4 Trends within Fish Species ................................................................................................. 31 1-2-5 Inspection Results for Main Target Fish Species of Fishing and Farming by Fiscal Year ........... 39 1-2-6 Concentrations of Radioactive Material in Marine Fish within 20-kilometer Radius of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS .................................................................................................... 43 Box 4 Fukushima Fishing Trials .................................................................................................. 44 1-2-7 Screening Test by Prefectural and Municipal Governments ................................................... 45 Chapter 3. Inspection for Radionuclides Other Than Radioactive Cesium ....................................... 46 1-3-1 Inspections for Radioactive Strontium etc. by the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency ...........................................................................................................................46 1-3-2 Survey of Radionuclides Mentioned in the CODEX Guidelines ............................................. 53 Box 5 Why weren’t Radioactive Strontium and Plutonium Targeted in the Survey? .......................... 57 Part Two. The State of Radionuclides Released into the Environment ............................................ 60 Chapter 1. Movement of Radioactive Cesium Released into the Environment ................................. 60 2-1-1 Intake and Excretion by Fish [41] ....................................................................................... 60 2-1-2 Movement within the Environment ..................................................................................... 61 1 Chapter 2. The Leakage of Contaminated Water into the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Port ...................... 62 2-2-1 Impact of Contaminated Water Leakage and Countermeasures ............................................... 62 Box 6 Quantity of Radioactive Material Leaked into the Ocean (Est.) ............................................. 64 2-2-2 Concentrations of Radioactive Cesium in Fishery Products ................................................... 65 2-2-2(1) Comparison of Cesium Concentrations in Fishery Products: Just after the accident and in FY2013 .......................................................................................................................65 2-2-2(2) Comparison of Before and After the Leakage of Contaminated Water ................................ 67 2-2-2(3) Summary ......................................................................................................................70 Chapter 3. Monitoring of Radionuclides in the Ocean .................................................................. 71 2-3-1 Results from Ocean Water Monitoring (Figure 2-5, Figure 2-6) ............................................. 71 2-3-2 Results from Marine Soil Monitoring (Figure 2-5, Figure 2-7) ............................................... 75 Part Three. Research on the Mechanism by which Radionuclides are Transferred to Fishery Products .............................................................................................................................. 78 Chapter 1. Relationship with Prey Organisms and Ecology of Fish Species .................................... 78 3-1-1 Chronological Changes in the Concentration of Radioactive Cesium in Seawater in Sendai Bay and the Coastal Areas of Fukushima Prefecture ................................................................... 78 3-1-2 Research on Radioactive Materials within Prey Organisms ......................................................... 78 3-1-3 Research on Ecology of Fish Species and the Timing of Radionuclide Transfer ....................... 82 3-1-4 Conclusion and Future Research ......................................................................................... 84 Chapter 2. Urgent Research on the Cause of Contamination of Highly Contaminated Fish (Fat greenling) ...............................................................................................................85 3-2-1 Frequency of Appearance of Highly Contaminated Fat greenlings .......................................... 85 3-2-2 Determining the Time of Contamination through Autoradiography Experiment ....................... 86 3-2-3 Study on the Migration Ecology and Habitat History of the Fat greenling ............................... 87 3-2-4 Estimate of Contamination Source by Contamination Model for the Fat greenling Sample ....... 87 3-2-5 Conclusion and Measures ................................................................................................... 88 Chapter 3. Evaluation of Radioactive Cesium Transfer from Marine Soil to Marine Organisms based on a Rearing Experiments ........................................................................................ 89 3-3-1 Outline of the Preparatory Rearing Experiment with Benthos and Fish ................................... 89 3-3-2 Results for the Korean lugworms ........................................................................................ 89 3-3-3 Results for the Olive flounder and Japanese Black porgy ....................................................... 90 3-3-4 On-site Rearing Experiment ............................................................................................... 91 3-3-5 Outline of Rearing Experiment to evaluate Radioactive Cesium Transfer from Contaminated Marine Soil to Benthos and Demersal Fish ......................................................................... 92 3-3-6 Results and a Review of the Water-Tank Rearing Experiment ................................................ 93 3-3-7 Review and Outlook ..........................................................................................................95 2 Chapter 4. Radioactive Material Concentrations and Territories of Fish Species .............................. 95 Chapter 5. Quantitative Evaluation of Contamination Risk from Radioactive Material in Fishery Products .................................................................................................................98 3-5-1. Means of Predicting the Risk of Contamination from Radioactive Materials in Fishery Products ....................................................................................................................................... 98 3-5-2. Change in the Probability of the Emergence of Concentrations of Radioactive Cesium in Pacific cod Over Time ...............................................................................................................102 Chapter 6. Understanding the Mechanism by which Radioactive Cesium is Absorbed into the Soil . 104 Box7 Radioactive Cesium in Demersal Fish ............................................................................... 106 Part Four. Efforts to Address Unfounded Reputational Damages and Misinformation Present Domestically and Overseas .................................................................................... 107 Chapter 1. Domestic Situation Regarding Unfounded Reputational Damage and Misinformation ... 107 Chapter 2. Enhanced Provision/Dissemination of Information, Domestically and Internationally .... 108 Chapter 3. Response to International Issues ..............................................................................
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