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Study on the State of Agriculture in the Caribbean: ANNEXES Annexes Study on the State of Agriculture in the Caribbean: ANNEXES ANNEXES Study on the State of Agriculture in the Caribbean Published by THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS and THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Rome, 2020 FAO and CDB. 2020. Study on the State of Agriculture in the Caribbean – Annexes. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca6937en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or CDB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or CDB. ISBN 978-92-5-131948-2 © FAO and CDB, 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO or CDB endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO or CDB logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons license. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). FAO or CDB is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: copyright@ fao.org. Photo credits Front cover (top to bottom, left to right) PresidenciaRD/Giancarlo Rijo (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0); fancycrave.com (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0); nico-carrera-unspash (CC BYNC-ND 2.0); Daniel-Fazio, unsplash (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0); © FAO Roble Sabrie. Contents Acknowledgements xiii Introduction to Annexes 1–7 xiv Annex 1 Climate change adaptation in the Caribbean region 1 Acronyms and abbreviations 2 Definitions 3 Summary 5 Introduction 6 Background information 6 Scope and objectives 7 Methodology 7 Current climate-related challenges for agriculture, fishery and aquaculture sectors in the region 8 Persistent threats 8 Vulnerability, exposure and readiness in the region 10 Overview of current climate change adaptation initiatives 13 Best practices and lessons learned 15 Expected impacts on agriculture and climate change adaptation challenges 17 Expected impacts on fisheries and climate change adaptation challenges 19 Expected impacts on aquaculture and climate change adaptation challenges 20 Adapting agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture in the region 21 Agriculture 23 Fisheries and aquaculture 25 Conclusions 26 Evidence-based climate change adaptation monitoring and evaluation to support CDB’s investments in agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture 27 References 28 Appendix A – Vulnerability Brief for BMCs 31 Appendix B – Identified Adaptation Priorities for BMCs 33 Appendix C – Analysis for selected countries 36 Annex 2 Infrastructure and irrigation needs in the Caribbean region 47 Acronyms and abbreviations 48 1. Introduction 49 2. Background, constraints and limitations related to infrastructure 49 3. Opportunities for investments 50 4. Description of potential areas for infrastructural investments 52 5. Overview of past and ongoing infrastructural investment experiences 54 6. Infrastructure development needs and requirements for value chains in selected countries 55 7. Main considerations and assumptions for each type of infrastructure 59 7.1. Water management infrastructure 60 7.2. Productive and post-harvest processing infrastructure 75 iii 7.3. Investments in affordable and clean energy 76 7.4. Transport and market investments 76 8. Recommendations on new investment proposals 80 8.1. General recommendations on new investment proposals 80 8.2. Involving the private sector 81 8.3. Specific sectoral recommendations 82 9. Suggested monitoring and evaluation targets 83 References 84 Appendix A – Overview of past and ongoing infrastructural investment experiences 85 Appendix B – Climate change impacts and indicators for the priority countries 89 Annex 3 Gender equality and youth empowerment in the Caribbean region 93 Acronyms and abbreviations 94 Introduction 96 1. Social inequalities in the region’s agriculture sector 97 1.1 Key gender inequality issues in agriculture sector participation 97 1.2 Key challenges of youth participation in agriculture 102 1.3 Vulnerability to climate change 104 2. Institutional/policy framework and ongoing strategic initiatives 105 2.1 Global and regional commitments to gender equality and youth empowerment 105 2.2 National gender equality commitments 106 2.3 National commitments to empower youth 108 2.4 Institutional challenges in policy/programme implementation 109 3. CDB’s comparative advantage in gender equality and youth empowerment in agriculture 111 3.1 Commitments under the CDB Strategic Plan 2015–2019 111 3.2 CDB Gender Equality Policy and Operational Strategy (GEPOS) 112 3.3 CDB Youth Policy and Operational Strategy (YPOS) 113 3.4 Gender and youth considerations in other CDB policies 113 3.5 CDB’s support to BMCs’ capacities for gender and youth statistics 114 3.6 CDB’s corporate mechanisms for gender mainstreaming and social safeguards 114 4. Ongoing initiatives and opportunities to enhance partnerships 115 4.1 CDB’s work and instruments to deliver gender equality and youth empowerment actions 115 4.2 Key partner initiatives in the region 117 4.3 Strategic partnerships to enhance gender equality and youth empowerment in agriculture 120 5. Proposed options for mainstreaming gender and youth in ASPS 121 5.1 Adopting a holistic and inclusive approach to addressing social inequality 121 5.2 Towards inclusive, gender- and age-sensitive value chains 124 5.3 Sixteen specific recommendations 126 5.4 Four considerations for the implementation 131 References 133 Appendix 1 – Mapping of CDB policy responses to gender constraints relevant to ASPS 137 Appendix 2 – Good practices in rural employment for young women and men in the Caribbean 139 Appendix 3 – Household methodologies for gender transformative impact 141 Appendix 4 – Checklists for socially inclusive and gender-sensitive value chains 144 Appendix 5 – The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) 149 Appendix 6 – Sample poverty-targeting checklist for CDB agriculture sector projects 152 Appendix 7 – Key references and useful resources 153 iv Annex 4 Fisheries policy and investment strategy in the Caribbean region 163 Acronyms and abbreviations 164 1. Background 166 2. Objectives and methodology 166 3. The fisheries sector as part of the Blue Economy paradigm 168 3.1 What tangible opportunities does the Blue Economy approach present for fisheries sector development across the region? 168 3.2 What type of strategic and targeted investments within the Blue Economy context can best ensure fisheries sustainability and growth? 170 4. Caribbean fisheries – Issues and root causes 171 5. Regional fisheries governance and collaboration 172 5.1 Regional institutions mandated to manage sector development 173 5.2 Regional regulatory mechanisms 174 5.3 Current state of fishery sector resources, research and monitoring 176 6. Key challenges and opportunities for sustainable Caribbean fisheries development 177 6.1 Challenges and opportunities for investment support and innovation 177 6.2 Diversity of national level challenges and focused investment support 187 7. Overview of sector investments by International Financial institutions (IFIs), donors and development partners 191 8. Policy and investment strategy
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