Sino-Japanese Relations the Edo Period in C)ba Osamu K6gakkan University by Fogei Translated Joshua A. 1 Shipmasters Crewmen Part Eleven. and Anonymous reported throughout that the of Crew Members. I year once (1688) Nagasaki, ships they Genroku altogether Chinese called the of and 193 1 port at hearing this, carried expressed Chinese Marius Upon aboard. Professor the 1128 Jansen thought: trip large Japan." stunned that "I'm number of Chinese made the such to a people by number There their whose of of known virtue to are a .are names us :• • •l•, •:fi --• •h.,, •, •, • Fujiu deeds--such Xie'an Shen Fuzhai Shen Yi Sun as :ff• • • Nanpin majority about --but Japan of Chinese who traveled the great to we nothing. they Japanese The know made also remain unknown with whom contacts to us. plenty people. about have said famous would like look the the We Here, I at to anonymous men. • 7•_•1• • • • •I According (Examination the Z6ho of ts•sh6 k6 Ka'i to Exchanges large Edition), Commercial Barbarians, Revised between China and the ships ships ships carded Chinese of mid-sized and smaller 100 60-70 men, men, crews surely yardstick. but 30-40, numbers coordinated with these which average are some 7•_ • •, •. (Transformation [Ming, of the from Civilized the hentai From Ka'i text China] largest Qing]), [Manchu Barbarian aboard the Siam crew--124 to men--came Seventy-Five (1693), Vessel smallest Genroku Number in the recorded and 6 crew-- J6ky6 fifteen Forty-Four Hundred men--aboard Vessel Number in Malacca One 5 (1688). large, ships The former sail makes because the Siam but that from set sense were • • fifteen Malacca with of from brave indeed. The did okubune to come a crew was always large numbers of with Malacca Vessel Number Hundred One not men, come as Seventy only counterexample, for had of that raise there Just 25. to year same a crew a Nanjing Ninety-Four aboard of Number Hundred that Vessel One 111 year, was a crew • although they had, and kuchibune vessels rule, did small • not crews, cram as a .• • •b people ships comparatively stable shachuan numbers Some had of onto men fluctuating (1705), others had numbers. for aboard and H6ei Vessel Number One 2 noted, the *Unless otherwise translator's. all notes are •--• •Z q• Edofidai •-•(Tokyo: shoten, •q- • T6h6 Nit-Chfi [• hiwa 1980), 224-51. 69 pp. no • Asia) (ships coming (ships On okubune from Sotrtheast and kuchibune from Chinese coastal cities), shachuan, of this On translation. part part two ten. see see 34 eleven-year previously chapter, fourteen made mentioned in the career voyages an over example. By stable would be it carried between and This and 33 30 span, a more men. (1694) and had 49 Nineteen for between 32 Vessel Number Genroku 7 contrast, men (1691) had between eight-year period; Seventy Vessel 33 Number for Genroku 4 over an Sixty-seven five-year period; the for and Vessel Number and 60 year same men over a five-year period. number of Inasmuch the and carried between 30 53 men a as men over ship unchanged, fluctuations the these the must operate to necessary on same seas was jointly ship. they Thus, since changes of merchants board in the number reflect on shipper journeys, ships could board of them the the for their outfitted get on as more of this situation be larger of aboard. the number One the aspect can seen men passengers, • • • J• I• ;• who testimony Saisho of such Ch6zaemon the in was men as beginning that, of (1815): heard the Guangdong have shipwrecked :in Bunka "We 13 at at going have heard that call vessel is I Japanese of the month fifth port. the at to year, a shippers Suzhou." the in has to sent messenger a someone book, have this in occasions I On Functionaries. Shipmasters Other and many •j• village •-•). ferry-master of (chuantou The "shipmaster" expression used the was a navigation captain concerned with the the shipmaster, and he from the different not was k6: explanation ts•sh6 following Z6ho Ka-i in the ship. find the of the We ship. {ffl fie he is Japan in aboard In has function Chuantou. He Chuanzhu no keeping all the public control in the charge function merchants. He has of men. over a goods responsible for the who is chuantou. is the One of There types two man are transported charge the though of clerk, in shipped. the other is similar The not to man a merchandise. responsible shipmaster explanation, easy-to-understand that the this From was can see we assistant general, though occasion there ship merchant. On he in for the were was a negotiated ship behalf. When represented its and shipmasters well. the entire He on as Nagasaki of the side, such that Japanese formal offices the oaths to as on were sworn ship's Among the signed of entire Magistrate, behalf the it he who passengers. was on •- • :Nt •--• •-•lJ huozhang duogong caifu ketou board the functionaries other were on •. •, • and 212, zongguan daily calculations of all charged keeping record of functionary "Caifu. with The a • IN •: dz Nagasaki The miyage concerning and commerce." the matters cargo Undoubtedly "scribe, Nagasaki) position explains clerk." this (Souvenirs of sort some as shipmaster. caifu occasion clerk, the of in later years as came on •:), (ke is understood ke where represented the The ketou guests to passengers or in could be ke according ts•sh6 k6. There shippers," Zdho Ka-i the the "lesser be to no single shipper. ship's hands of In merchandise the in entire which in the instances a was trade, the jointly in Japan of merchants number which in to to engage came cases a vessel. shippers the rode shipmaster, lesser principal shipper and the the same on was contributed the of the above, ke the existence "guests." noted They ke As to or were of number ship. ships which Thus, the in aboard number of increased men men shippers varied aboard of ships, which the numbers in it would fluctuated seem, were depending circumstances. on 35 functionary who loading is the charge of He "Huozhang. in The at sea. man heavenly bodies, weather the takes the well, calculates knows the laws of the compass Nagasaki that the it geography." the miyage, investigates consideration, In into and states )3; ,• •, • 'yaku had he (lit. huozhang charge watching anjin the of in compass was ship. words, he loading other the In command the sailors and to was saw over navigation. responsible for coordination huozhang, his is the with "Duogong. This is helmsman. the In an other and the waves." important keeps In winds watch the he close post, crosses on as charge words, &the helm. he in was ship." the aboard various duties In carries "'Zongguan. and He out oversees tasks, general variety charge of of in Nagasaki it that the raiyage, notes zongguan a was supervisor ship comparable while aboard at to sea. a •: anchor; • charge the of the touding in addition, who the there In was were: • tO• charge of shanbangong in • •. T_ responsible yaban for the the who mast; was gongshe • deity; ship's and the served the barges who the -l-_ xianggong sanpans; or •± ordinary sailors. who the were t• Nanjing (1815), vessel Bunka day month of of twelfth lunar 12 the the On 29 a Asakawa in ship's listed shipwrecked of Shimoda in The 92 Izu. at men are crew was • Shinpaku iI• • incident, hitsuwa (1781-1849) of the Zen'an' account s caifu, chuanzhu, Vessel). aside from (Notes Chinese However, two one one on a Nagasaki), three given and resident of huozhang, (of is whom two zongguan one as a paoshou gongshe. include latter duogong, listed The of the all as crewmen are personnel), • •t_ and the service chafen charge (in head of the (gunners), of the men, (• ship's • general of (service personnel). here the have suishi We contours crew. a • • which is Nagasaki banzhu the Furthermore, called there is in the miyage post a explained the vessel. the of owner as safely Bird. We 2, H6ei Year of for the the Number One Vessel assume can noted, positions and in have thus far ship all the addition in that there to we owners were themselves, have been but it vessels owned the chuantou to more seems cases some H6ei for Vessel Number One shipper and 2 vessel for set out to to rent sea. a common a virtually trips and Japan times, made fourteen (1705), cited several have which to we • • roughly of • number shipmaster the and Zhu Kexi time with same every as carrying ship probably himself and owned the he would thus that It was appear crewmen. large and he merchant Perhaps, for freight he the clerk for sale. his a was overseas own large by vessel owned the this merchant the of sell the merchandise had to same on come ship between essentially the Japan traveled he merchant. Zhu's In to same on case, using time, the if this unclear he (1695) it is Before Genroku and H6ei 2. 8 same was (1687) J6ky6 and Three in aboard Vessel Number ship, 4 he did but passenger come as a (1688), Vessel Genroku Hundred for shipmaster for Vessel Number 1 One Two as Vessel Number 3, Genroku Ten Number for Vessel Forty for Genroku Two 2, Number trips Thus, Thirty-eight he made for Genroku 6. and Vessel Number Genroku 4, for to history this his travel and 1705, and between the 1687 Japan trace over years can we over period.